Kornmarktkirche
The under monument protection standing Kornmarktkirche is one of the twelve medieval church buildings in the Thuringian city of Mulhouse . The construction of the church of St. Crucis of the former Franciscan monastery began in the 13th century. Today the church serves as a peasant war museum .
history
In 1225, brothers of the Franciscan order founded in 1210 are said to have come to Mühlhausen for the first time . During this time the friars settled in Erfurt as well as in Eisenach , where they founded a monastery in 1225. At first it was difficult for them to gain a foothold in Mühlhausen because the local clergy rejected the barefoot pastoral care . In Mühlhausen at the same time the Teutonic Order was about to get the municipal pastoral care under its sovereignty. He did not appreciate the reforming forces that were aimed at a socially low class of the population. Later, the German rulers signed a contract with the Franciscans that restricted their activities in the city. However, the Franciscans of the Saxon Order Province ( Saxonia ) finally settled in Mühlhausen in 1231 after they were given a plot of land for a monastery on which there was already a chapel, which they initially used as an oratory . The construction of a church in the current size began in the middle of the 13th century. The remains of a previous building were included, they can still be seen in the north wall of the ship. The hall church , with its large dimensions, was widespread in Thuringia in the 13th century as an early building type of monastery churches of the mendicant orders . In a representative building environment, it was not easy to maintain the simplicity required by the rules of the order.
The construction progressed from the choir to the west wall. In 1307 the choir was increased. After an earthquake, the destroyed window axes of the south wall to the east were rebuilt in 1348. In 1392 a square chapel was built on the south-west corner of the choir; the tower above with its eight-sided top was not built until after 1400. Its slate-covered hood dates from 1568. The extensive monastery was removed in 1568 and a new road was built over it. Remains of the vaulted cloister are still visible on the north side of the church.
In 1702 and 1722 the church was renovated in baroque style, but was only used for worship services until 1802.
The Franciscan monastery temporarily housed over 150 brothers and was one of the largest convents in the Order of Saxonia . It came to the Thuringian Franciscan Province ( Thuringia ) through the division of Saxonia in 1521 , but went under in 1542 as a result of the Reformation .
Building description
Dimensions and proportions indicate the former church as a church of mendicants . The elongated single-nave hall church has a retracted rectangular choir. The south wall takes up the entire length of the Kornmarkt. The east wall of the choir has three staggered windows. The south wall of the church in the eastern five bays has been provided with buttresses and tracery windows since the renovation after 1346-1348 , the western axes including the west wall remained unchanged without buttresses. In the north wall, high arched windows of the older chapel building have been preserved, as they appear with early Gothic forms. In the older window tracery, the circular shape still prevails. The church has three entrances to the Kornmarkt, the middle one has a large window portal. Inside, the entire hall was originally provided with a pointed barrel. Today the ship has a flat wooden ceiling. During the last restoration, the remains of corner services with inclined plinths to accommodate the ribbed vault planned at the time came to light. Paintings were uncovered on the walls in the choir and in the nave. A surrounding ornamental frieze painted under the ceiling in the nave was reconstructed in 1975.
use
After the church was profaned in 1802 , it was initially used as a municipal scale and grain store. It had been used for offices and apartments since the late 19th century. The hall-like interior was only used appropriately after a museum design between 1973 and 1975. From 2003 onwards, an exhibition, which has been modified several times, provides information on the course, highlights and aftermath of the Reformation and the Peasant War. In addition, special events, mainly of a musical nature, take place. The monastery garden was designed according to the ideas of the medieval scholar Albertus Magnus .
Carillon
Since 1991 there has been a carillon with 41 bells in the church tower . The bells were cast by the bell founder Schilling .
literature
- Ernst Badstübner : The old Mühlhausen. Art history of a medieval city . Koehler and Amelang, Leipzig 1989, ISBN 3-7338-0055-9 , pp. 205 .
- Georg Dehio : Handbook of the German art monuments. Band Thuringia. Munich 2003.
- Christian Loefke (editor): The medieval book of the dead of the Mühlhausen Franciscans. Edition and commentary. (= Publications of the Historical Commission for Thuringia, Large Series Volume 21) Böhlau Verlag Köln, Göttingen 2019, ISBN 978-3-412-51389-4 .
Web links
- Bauernkriegsmuseum Kornmarktkirche - website of the Mühlhausen museums
Individual evidence
- ↑ Hans Jakob Bürger: The medieval book of the dead of the Mühlhausen Franciscans . In: CNA German, August 7, 2019 [1] .
Coordinates: 51 ° 12 '30.1 " N , 10 ° 27' 25.9" E