Power plants on the Drau

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Draubrücke near Selkach / Ludmannsdorf municipality
Railway bridge over the Ferlach reservoir near Strau, town of Ferlach

The Drava is Paternion downstream until after Donja Dubrava ( Međimurje County used) nearly continuous energy technology.

Austria

The topmost Drau power plant is the Amlach power plant in East Tyrol .

In Carinthia, the first power plant on the Drau was built in Schwabegg between 1939 and 1943 . The power plant built by Alpenelektrowerke AG at the time is, like its successors, a run -of-river / surge power plant and has three Kaplan turbines with vertical shafts.

This was followed by the Lavamünd power plant in the years 1942 to 1949, which was the first to be built on the Drau using pillar construction. The further expansion took place in the years 1959 to 1962 with the Edling power plant , 1965 to 1968 with Feistritz - Ludmannsdorf , 1971 to 1975 with Ferlach - Maria Rain , 1970 to 1974 with Rosegg - St. Jakob , 1976 to 1981 with Annabrücke , 1981 to 1984 with Villach , 1982 to 1985 with Kellerberg and finally from 1985 to 1988 with the Paternion power plant .

Reed-covered headland on the Ferlacher Drau reservoir under the Hollenburg, municipality of Köttmannsdorf
Bridge of the Loiblpass road over the Ferlacher reservoir, in the background the Matzenberg
Drau reservoir near Rottenstein, Ebenthal community
Ožbalt power plant

The ten run-of- river power plants of Verbund Hydro Power AG (formerly ÖDK ) contribute approx. 3% to covering Austria’s electricity needs with their maximum output of approx. 600 MW and an annual energy production of approx. 2600 gigawatt hours (approx. 42% for Carinthia) .

Through the construction of the power plant, the once wild Drava became a chain of reservoirs with only a few flowing stretches in between. This has completely changed their ecology and habitus.

Power plant construction with barrages is based on damming above and lowering the water level below the respective plant. In the reservoir area, depending on the topography and geology, dams and diaphragm walls are often necessary to seal against the outside groundwater. In the area of ​​the subsidence, however, the river bed is deepened and retaining walls on the banks. At the power station dam itself, the back pressure of the water must also be sealed along the water. A concreted stilling basin follows the outlet and overflow of the power plant to prevent the soil from being washed out.

All these facilities cost space and construction costs and, in order to keep the power plant efficient, are only dimensioned to the extent that they can cope with a certain amount of water runoff. If the flow rate is above a critical value, the weir is opened as a bypass of the turbine passage so that dams above the dam are not flooded. Below the dam, the water level rises due to the backflow of the runoff. Both effects lead to a reduction in the gradient, the difference in water level at the power plant, so that the electrical power that can be generated drops, sometimes to zero.

With dynamic operation, a certain higher discharge can be managed for a limited time by lowering the level of a reservoir in advance of an expected flood at the expense of electricity production, i.e. its contents are partially drained to make room for an upcoming amount of water. The effectiveness of a specific reduction strategy can only be assessed once a flood event has subsided.

Power plant operators emphasize the gain in security against flooding during flooding. Critics point to a lack of retention areas and that power plants can cause a flood wave to spread more quickly along a river, which in the case of rivers flowing eastwards can interfere with rain events moving eastwards.

Floods October 2018

During the flood event on October 30, 2018 , a retaining wall broke under the St. Martin-Rosegg barrage: it was temporarily repaired with stone blocks. The center of Rosegg was flooded.

Revisions

Renewal of the machines explained using the example of KrW Feistritz-Ludmannsdorf with two machines from 1968: Revisions take place in winter when there is less water in the river, the - otherwise water-bearing - turbine chambers are only opened and accessed through hatches every several years. About ten years ago, around 2002, the blades on both Kaplan turbines were replaced. Were the Erstexemplare essentially made even by casting and then sanded, the new based on now much more accurate calculations and have been through 3D - CNC shaped milling. 10 kV generators have a life expectancy of around 40–50 years due to the aging of electrical insulation and vibration wear of the magnetizable laminated core . In order not to be surprised by a failure and thus to risk longer downtimes, generators are continuously renewed towards the end of this period in an exchange program of the Verbund Group. The replacement of the first generator is in progress in March 2012 after 44 years of operation. While the yield can be increased by 2-3% with new, better turbine blades, the more modern generator is expected to increase efficiency by only 0.5% compared to the old one.

Slovenia

In Slovenia there are power plants near Dravograd (German: Unterdrauburg), Vuzenica (Saldenhofen), Vuhred (Wuchern), Ožbalt (St. Oswald an der Drau), Fala (Faal; the oldest Drau power plant with the completion year 1918), Mariborski otok (Marburger Drava Island), Melje, Zlatoličje (Golldorf) and Formin. The installed capacity is given as 577 MW, the electricity generated in Slovenian Drau power plants covers approx. 80% of the country's demand.

Croatia

There are three Drau power plants in Croatia: KW Varaždin , KW Čakovec and KW Dubrava .

Čakovec power plant near Čakovec
Dubrava power plant near Donja Dubrava

Overview

Sequence
on the
river 		Name or location Nominal
power
( MW ) 		Standard energy
(million  kWh
/ year) 		Construction time,
conversion,
revision 		Country
01 Amlach power plant 60.00 219.00 1984-1989 A.
02 Paternion 23.50 95.00 1985-1988 A.
03 Kellerberg 24.60 96.00 1982-1985 A.
04th Villach 24.60 100.00 1981-1984 A.
05 KW St. Martin-Rosegg ( Rosegg / St. Jakob ) 80.00 338.00 1970-1974 A.
06th Feistritz / Ludmannsdorf 88.00 354.00 1965-1968 A.
07th Ferlach-Maria Rain run-of-river power plant 75.00 318.00 1971-1975 A.
08th Annabrücke 90.00 390.00 1976-1981 A.
09 Edling 87.00 407.00 1959-1962 A.
10 Schwabegg 79.00 378.00 1939-1943 A.
11 Lavamünd 28.00 156.00 1942-1949 A.
12 Dravograd power plant 26.00 142.00 1941-1945, 1994 SLO
13 Vuzenica (Saldenhofen) 56.00 247.00 1947-1957, 1995 SLO
14th Vuhred power station 72.00 297.00 1952-1958, 2005 SLO
15th Ožbalt (St. Oswald an der Drau) 73.00 305.00 1957-1960, 2005 SLO
16 Faal power plant ( Fala, Zellnitz ) 58.00 260.00 1913-1918, 1925,
1932, 1977, 1994 		SLO
17th Mariborski otok (Marburg Drau Island) 60.00 270.00 1942-1948 SLO
18th Melje (additional work at KW Zlatoličje) 0.68 5.10 2004 (?) SLO
19th Zlatoličje (Golldorf) 126.00 577.00 1964-1969 SLO
20th Formin power plant 116.00 548.00 1978 SLO
21st KW Varaždin near Varaždin (Warasdin) 94.00 522.00 1975 MR
22nd KW Čakovec near Čakovec (Tschakowetz) 76.00 427.00 1982 MR
23 KW Dubrava near Donja Dubrava 76.00 418.00 1989 MR

swell

  1. ↑ Google Maps: location coordinates for power plant mug brook , accessed July 9, 2012
  2. ^ Federal Environment Agency Austria: Energy use in Austria , accessed July 9, 2012
  3. ↑ Greens in Kaernten: Page no longer available , search in web archives: Energiewende , PDF, (July 9, 2012)@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / kaernten.gruene.at
  4. ↑ Storm damage: Lengthy clean-up work is available at orf.at, October 30, 2018, accessed October 30, 2018.
  5. ↑ ORF.at Kaernten, March 19, 2012: Drought: Drau power plants affected , accessed July 9, 2012, added and corrected “only 1 of 2 generators, no turbine” by calling the control room on March 28, 2012
  6. ↑ pts-Villach: Image of the nameplate (1968) of the 2 Kaplan turbines ( memento from September 6, 2012 in the web archive archive.today ), accessed July 9, 2012
  7. ↑ Ing.Herbert Juch on March 28, 2012: Telephone call with Verbund Hydro Power AG, Vienna, Drau works group
  8. ↑ dem, Dravske elektrarne Maribor: Hydro-power plants and generation , accessed July 9, 2012
  9. ↑ dem, Dravske elektrarne Maribor: About DEM , accessed July 9, 2012
  10. ↑ Google Maps: Location coordinates for KW Varaždin , accessed July 9, 2012
  11. ↑ Google Maps: Location coordinates KW Čakovec , accessed July 9, 2012
  12. ↑ Google Maps: Location coordinates KW Dubrava , accessed July 9, 2012
  13. ↑ Annual Report 2004, Economic Area Austria - Central and Eastern Europe, Bosnia ... Slovenia Siemens, November 2004. p. 34.

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