Storm in the Alps-Adriatic region in autumn 2018

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Storm in the Alps-Adriatic region in autumn 2018
The cloud cover on October 29th. You can clearly see the Saharan dust carried by the Scirocco to Italy.
The cloud cover on October 29th. You can clearly see the Saharan dust carried by the Scirocco to Italy.
storm Hurricane and heavy rain
Data
Beginning October 27, 2018
Climax 29./30. October 2018
consequences
affected areas Italy , Croatia , Austria , Switzerland etc. a.
Victim 38
The low pressure area Vaia / Adrian on 29./30. October
The Mediterranean low Xena on November 4th

The storms in the Alps-Adriatic region in autumn 2018 were severe weather events that led to storm damage, floods , floods , mudslides and power outages in Italy , Croatia , Austria , Switzerland and other countries in October and November 2018 due to gale- force squalls and heavy rain .

Meteorological process

The large-scale weather situation in Europe was characterized by consistently high air pressure in Eastern Europe in autumn 2018 . As a result, low-pressure areas coming from the Atlantic were repeatedly pushed back to south-western Europe, where they formed so-called cut-off lows , which developed a strong momentum over the Mediterranean . At the same time, there was no rain in northern and central Europe (see Drought and heat in Europe 2018 ).

In the western Mediterranean area, an extensive low pressure area formed at the end of October, which was expected to bring a lot of rain in the area from the Balearic Islands via Italy to Croatia and Slovenia . In addition, there was a foehn weather situation . According to the weather models, rain clouds would accumulate on the south side of the Alps, causing widespread large amounts of rain of 120 to 250 liters per square meter, in some places up to 500 liters per square meter was considered possible. Therefore, the Austrian Central Institute for Meteorology and Geodynamics published a heavy rain warning for the south of Austria on October 26, 2018.

On October 27th, heavy rains set in on Sardinia , Corsica and large parts of Italy. In Italy, the cold air masses of the low pressure area met an extremely strong Scirocco on October 29 , causing violent thunderstorms .

In Germany the low pressure area was given the name Vaia , in France Adrian (see naming for weather events ). After this moved north in early November, the rains in Italy continued and caused further damage through floods and mudslides. Responsible for this were the two subsequent low pressure areas ( called Wenke and Xena in Germany ), which again carried large amounts of moisture with them due to the still warm sea water.

Effects in Austria

In Austria, the first storm damage occurred in Carinthia in the early morning hours of October 28 . In the afternoon, heavy rain set in, which on October 29 particularly affected East Tyrol and Carinthia. There were numerous floods and mudslides, and some valleys and villages were cut off from the outside world. The foehn storm with hurricane-like squalls caused storm damage in other federal states at the same time. Some people in Austria were injured by falling trees. As a result of the foehn storm, entire forest areas were felled in some areas , and 1.7 million solid cubic meters of damaged wood were created by windthrow . The government announced that it wanted to provide aid quickly and unbureaucratically.

Carinthia and East Tyrol

On Sunday, October 28th, storm damage occurred in the Ferlach area due to hurricane gusts of up to 130 kilometers per hour: numerous roofs were covered, trees fell. Cut power lines in some households caused the electricity to fail. The Loiblpass road between Kirschentheuer and Unterbergen and several municipal roads have been closed. The Seeberg Strasse was blocked by fallen trees between Vellach and the Seebergsattel .

Due to the forecast amount of precipitation, Carinthia is preparing for a 100-year flood event. Floods of the rivers Gail , Möll and Drau in Lavamünd , Oberdrauburg , Sachsenburg , Steinfeld , Lurnfeld and Möllbrücke were feared. In order to keep the damage from the expected flood as low as possible, the water level of the Völkermarkt reservoir was lowered by the technical maximum of 4.5 meters. Sandbags were laid as flood protection in many localities .

From Saturday, October 27th to Monday, October 29th, 627 liters of rain per square meter were measured at the Plöckenpass , and an unusually high amount of rainfall was also measured in other Carinthian towns . Drautal Straße was closed on Monday morning . The schools in East Tyrol, the Carinthian districts of Völkermarkt and Spittal and in Ferlach were closed. The armed forces were put on alert. On the afternoon of October 29, rail traffic in the Drautal was stopped. The Gailtal Straße had to be closed in the afternoon due to a landslide, between St. Lorenzen and Maria Luggau it was destroyed over a length of about 85 meters. In the evening, bus traffic in East Tyrol had to be stopped, which meant that the ÖBB rail replacement service was also canceled .

A civil defense alarm was issued for numerous Carinthian towns.

On the evening of October 29th, Möll and Gail and some of their tributaries overflowed their banks and several people had to be evacuated. In the Waidegg area , a dam broke over a length of around 150 meters, which caused the village of Rattendorf on the Gail to be almost completely flooded. In Rangersdorf numerous mudslides went off and laid in a row the course of the river Möll. This also made roads impassable and the Upper Mölltal was inaccessible. In Flattach the 100-year flood event occurred on the Möll River.

At the Gail power plant in Schütt , a crane was swept away by the water. Some Gailbrücken in Hermagor-Pressegger See had to be closed.

The Lesachtal was cut off from the outside world by mudslides.

The level of the Drava and its tributaries also rose considerably, in some places the Drava overflowed its banks. The St. Martin-Rosegg barrage was damaged by the flooding and a retaining wall broke away. The downstream town of Rosegg was flooded.

In numerous Carinthian towns, the electricity had to be switched off due to the rising water level, 10,000 households from Mölltal to Lavamünd were temporarily without electricity. The feared flooding of Lavamünd did not occur because, on the one hand, by lowering the level of the Völkermarkt reservoir, the water masses in the village could be controlled, and on the other hand, because the dam breach near Rattendorf created an additional, unplanned compensation basin.

In the East Tyrolean community of Assling people had to be evacuated because of the threat of mudslides. The Lienz district was temporarily inaccessible by road on Tuesday morning. The Felbertauern Strasse , Gailtal Strasse , the Grossglockner High Alpine Road and several state roads had to be closed due to mudslides or fallen trees. 5,000 households were temporarily without electricity. In the municipal area of Sillian , the Drau reached the mark of a 100-year flood event, but it did not overflow there.

On All Saints Day , another disaster warning was issued in Mölltal due to renewed rainfall. The fire brigade recorded a record in the state after a week with 1,300 missions. Around 5,200 fire brigade members have moved out during this time. The armed forces helped with pioneers and eight helicopters with the clearing and security work, with the transport of food to isolated areas and with the repair of the broken dam in the Gailtal. The mission lasted until November 29th. On Friday, November 2nd, 40 soldiers of the Federal Army narrowly escaped a rock fall during clearing work on Gailtal Strasse.

The civil protection alarm remained in some places in Carinthia until November 4, 2018.

According to initial estimates, the economic damage in Carinthia should be in the three-digit million range. In Carinthia, around two thirds of the forest roads and goods roads are said to have been destroyed. The State Forestry Directorate of Carinthia estimated the resulting amount of damaged wood at one million solid cubic meters, in East Tyrol it should be around 200,000 solid cubic meters.

Tyrol

The Arlberg railway line between Landeck and Bludenz had to be temporarily closed. The high-alpine weather station on the 2,419 meter high Brecht near Inzing registered wind peaks of 188 km / h.

Salzburg

In the Salzburg municipality of Muhr , a civil defense alarm was triggered because the Mur had overflowed its banks. The streets leading into the place were flooded, which practically cut off the place from the outside world. Trees fell and there were mudslides. Floods also occurred in Grossarl , and flood protection was set up in Dorfgastein . The Katschberg tunnel had to be closed due to a power failure. On Tuesday morning the storm reached the city of Salzburg , where trees and chimneys fell and tin roofs were removed. Was affected u. a. the Chiemseehof and the Hohensalzburg fortress , whose old arsenal and bulk box were damaged. The authorities closed parks and cemeteries, as well as private gardens at the foot of the fortress mountain .

Styria

In Styria , the wind was the biggest problem. Wind peaks of 200 km / h were measured on the Hochschwab . Fallen trees blocked numerous roads ( B116 , B23 , B24 , B72 , L123). On the night of the storm from October 29th to 30th, 6,000 households were temporarily without electricity. Several house roofs were covered.

Upper Austria

Uprooted tree in Grünburg

In Upper Austria there was storm damage in the night from October 29th to 30th, especially in the southern districts. Some streets had to be closed because of fallen trees , and the power went out in parts of the Kirchdorf district .

Waves up to two meters high were registered at the Attersee during the storm. 50-100 boats were torn loose by the storm, thrown against the bank or sank. Four boats were affected on the Traunsee .

Lower Austria

Southern Lower Austria was also affected, where the southern railway line on Semmering was interrupted after a Railjet collided with a bent tree near Breitenstein . The overhead line was damaged, people were not harmed. The entire Lilienfeld area was also affected by the storms. Thrown trees paralyzed 30 transformer stations, so that around 3,000 households were also without a power supply.

Effects in Italy

Forest damage in Trentino
Storm damage in Dimaro
The port of Rapallo after the storm

Large parts of Italy were affected by the storm, especially Veneto and Trentino-South Tyrol . On the evening of October 28, several mudslides broke out on the Italian side of the Brenner Pass , as a result of which the motorway , old pass road and railway line had to be temporarily closed. After the motorway was reopened on October 29, it had to be closed again because of a power line that threatened to fall on the road. Numerous small alpine passes had to be closed.

In the province of Belluno in Veneto there were floods from the Piave , many places were cut off from the outside world for days, numerous roads had to be closed, drinking water wells were contaminated. Line masts collapsed in the storm, 100 kilometers of roads were destroyed by water and mud. There was extensive forest damage. There were power outages in the provinces of Belluno and Treviso , affecting 160,000 people.

Floods and landslides have occurred in Friuli Venezia Giulia . Schools and kindergartens remained closed in many regions.

In Venice there have been floods since October 28th ( acqua alta ), at 156 cm above normal level, the fourth highest water level ever recorded was recorded. About 75 percent of the old town was under water. Even the St. Mark was flooded. Two Joan Miró tapestries were damaged in the Palazzo Zaguri, where an exhibition was being prepared . On November 1st, there were further floods at 110 cm above normal level.

In South Tyrol, valleys and villages were cut off from the outside world. The Eggental and the Unterland were particularly hard hit . The drinking water pipe in the village of Altrei was damaged. Thousands of trees were knocked over and around 1.5 million cubic meters of damaged wood was created.

In Liguria , all ports and Genoa airport were closed. In the coastal town of Rapallo , the storm tore over 200 luxury yachts from their moorings and drove them to the shore, some of which were destroyed and leaking fuel polluted the sea. Wave heights over 10 meters were measured. In Santa Margherita Ligure the coastal road strada provinciale 227 was destroyed, so Portofino could only be reached by ship. In the car terminal of the port of Savona , a short circuit triggered by the storm caused a major fire in which around 1,000 brand new cars were destroyed.

In Terracina , houses have been covered by tornadoes . In Brindisi an olive grove came by a tornado injured.

Heavy rain and storms were also affected in the southern regions of Italy. A tornado formed in the Apulian wine town of Manduria , which damaged a church. Falling stones damaged cars and neighboring businesses. The tornado tore down balconies and uprooted trees. In Reggio Calabria more than 100 liters of precipitation per square meter fell, there were floods, electricity and telephone lines were cut. In Calabria and Sicily , floods caused damage to agriculture, and a regional railway line between Catanzaro and Crotone had to be closed due to flooding. Numerous cellars in Palermo were flooded and some motorists were trapped in underpasses by water masses.

Even after the end of the storms and the withdrawal of the Vaia low pressure area northwards, there were further heavy rains and floods in Italy.

In Sicily near Casteldaccia on the night of November 4th, the level of a river rose rapidly and flooded a country house, killing at least nine people. A train derailed in Cammarata . No people were harmed.

A total of 35 people were killed and dozens of people were injured in Italy as a result of falling trees, falling facade parts, landslides, lightning strikes and other storm-related events or the clean-up work.

According to an initial estimate, the economic damage in Veneto alone is expected to amount to one billion euros, while Infrastructure Minister Danilo Toninelli estimates the damage incurred at over three billion euros for the whole of Italy . Around 15 million cubic meters of damaged wood were produced in the Italian forests.

The Italian government provided 153.3 million euros in emergency aid on November 7th and announced that it was preparing a plan to prevent future natural disasters.

Effects in Switzerland

In Switzerland, the low on the night of October 29th to 30th caused hurricane gusts and a lot of precipitation. Wind speeds of up to 213 kilometers per hour were measured on the Gütsch ob Andermatt . Ticino , where there was a risk of flooding and where individual roads had to be closed due to landslides and fallen trees, was particularly affected by the precipitation . In Centovalli and the Onsernone Valley , 400 liters of rain fell per square meter, locally even up to 500 liters. A roof was covered in Giubiasco , parts of it hit a moving train, people were not harmed.

At the Albula Pass , the storm buckled four high-voltage pylons and covered the roof of the hospice.

The power supply to parts of the Centovalli Railway was interrupted by fallen trees, and the Bernina line was also interrupted. A replacement rail service had to be set up between Visp and Zermatt .

The extent of damage from windthrow is estimated at around 200,000 cubic meters.

Effects in Slovenia

The highest severe weather warning was issued in Slovenia on October 29th. Two people were killed in an accident caused by a landslide near Maribor . The storm damage in the forest is estimated at around 250,000 cubic meters.

Effects in Croatia

On October 29th, Croatia was hit by the storm. The highways around Rijeka were closed due to heavy rain. Because of the storm with hurricane gusts, numerous ferry connections from the mainland to the islands between Dubrovnik and Rijeka were canceled . The state weather service declared the highest level of alert for the entire coastal region.

Effects in France

In France , the low caused a surprisingly early onset of winter and the associated traffic chaos. In the Massif Central in southern France , over 2000 vehicles got stuck in the snow. One person was killed in a pile-up. Rail connections were interrupted 195,000 households in France were temporarily without electricity.

On Corsica incurred damage from the storm.

Effects in other countries

In Spain , snowfall caused chaos in some regions in the northwest. In Asturias and Galicia , motorways were impassable because of the snow. In Menorca , 30,000 households were without electricity after a tornado.

In the Czech Republic , the storm fell trees and roofs were covered. Due to damaged overhead lines , 30,000 households were temporarily without electricity.

In Slovakia , five people were injured when a train hit a fallen tree in the Turčianske Teplice district .

In Germany in Bavaria there were traffic obstructions due to fallen trees, numerous roads were blocked and there were restrictions in rail traffic. Cars were damaged by a fallen tree in Munich .

Individual evidence

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  39. ↑ Severe weather moved through Upper Styria. In: ORF . October 30, 2018, accessed October 30, 2018 .
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  41. ↑ This is what it looks like after the foehn storm on the Attersee. In: OÖN . November 1, 2018, accessed November 1, 2018 .
  42. ↑ Ulrich Dunst, Wilfried Rombold: There are still over 3,600 households without electricity. In: Small newspaper . October 30, 2018, accessed October 30, 2018 .
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