Paternion

The title of this article is ambiguous. Paternion is also the German name of the Italian municipality of Padergnone in the province of Trento.

market community Paternion
coat of arms	Austria map
Basic data
Country:	Austria
State :	Carinthia
Political District :	Villach-Land
License plate :	VL
Surface:	105.46 km²
Coordinates :	46 ° 43 '  N , 13 ° 38'  E Coordinates: 46 ° 42 '44 "  N , 13 ° 38' 16"  E
Height :	519  m above sea level A.
Residents :	5,799 (January 1, 2020)
Population density :	55 inhabitants per km²
Postal code :	9711
Area code :	0 42 45
Community code :	2 07 20
Address of the municipal administration:	Main street 83 9711 Paternion
Website:	www.paternion.at
politics
Mayor :	Manuel Müller ( SPÖ )
Municipal Council : ( 2015 ) (23 members)	14th 1 5 3 14th 1 5 3  A total of 23 seats SPÖ : 14 GREEN : 1 Citizens list market town Paternion, people's party, freedom and independence : 5 FPÖ : 3
Location of Paternion in the Villach-Land district
Place view
Source: Municipal data from Statistics Austria

Paternion around 2008. In the background the Gailtal Alps

Paternion around 1915

Parish Church of St. Paternianus, south-west side

Pöllan Palace (Mayerhof)

Holy Trinity Parish Church in Rubland

Traditional one-shift farm in Rubland

Paternion [ ˈpatɐni̯oːn ] ( Slovenian : Špatrjan ) is a market town with 5799 inhabitants (as of January 1st, 2020) in the Villach-Land district in Carinthia .

geography

The Paternion market is located in the Lower Drautal about 18 km northwest of Villach . The municipality includes parts of the Lower Drautal and the Gailtal Alps .

Community structure

The community is divided into six cadastral communities (Feistritz an der Drau, Kamering, Kreuzen, Nikelsdorf, Paternion, Rubland). The municipality includes the following 20 localities (population in brackets as of January 1, 2020):

• Aifersdorf (111)
• Floor (20)
• Duel (74)
• Ebenwald (71)
• Feffernitz (337)
• Feistritz an der Drau (1689)
• Feistritz an der Drau-Neusiedlung (156)
• Camera ring (156)
• Cruising (115)
• Mühlboden (125)
• New Feffernitz (1158)
• Nikelsdorf (564)
• Patendorf (15)
• Paternion (696)
• Pobersach (85)
• Pollan (145)
• Pogöriach (185)
• Rubonia (92)
• Tragail (1)
• Tragin (4)

Neighboring communities

	Ferndorf
Stockenboi Weissensee		Fresach
Sankt Stefan im Gailtal	Bad Bleiberg	Weissenstein

history

As various finds (stone axes, grave) in the municipality show, the area has been permanently settled since the Hallstatt period. A first tribal assignment of the inhabitants of the area to the Norikers by name is possible from the 3rd century BC. The Hallstatt period residents were probably assimilated through immigration by Celts from southwest Germany and eastern France. The assumption that the Illyrians settled in Carinthia is considered outdated. The Noriker were originally part of the Taurisker tribe , the presumed originators of the Hallstatt-era bull's head vessels, in the naming of the Romans a part of the Gauls. With the increasing importance of the Noriker for Rome as a mining region, the tribal hierarchy was reversed and the Tauriskians were seen as part of the Noriker.

North of Feistritz in the gusset of the Drau and Weißenbach lies the approximately 11 hectare large low terrace Auf der Görz , on which traces of a Celtic oppidum from the Latène period can be found , as on the Holzer Berg near Lendorf . A two-period wall was identified here as early as the late 1920s. A precise chronological classification of the complex ramparts was not yet possible due to the finds so far. The relationship between this settlement and Teurnia , approx. 20 km away, is unclear.

The lead, zinc, copper and iron deposits were important for this, but also the gold-bearing gravel and sands of some streams. On the southern outer wall of the church there is a Roman epitaph for the locals Tinco, Banana and Ambidrabus, an auxiliary rider who died at the age of 20 and for whom his parents erected a tombstone on the Gorizia near Feistritz. This stone is an important indicator for the determination of the Ambidravi ( lat. ), The inhabitants of Dravus , the Drautal , who were an originally Celtic or strongly Celtic old European tribe in the Kingdom of Noricum (Regnum Noricum) or the later eponymous Roman province and in the centuries before the birth of Christ in Upper Carinthia had their tribal area. The settlement on Gorizia may have been one of the central locations of the Ambidravi. A settlement on the Nikelsdorfer Feld was a Mithras community , here a stone consecrated to the "undefeated god Mithras" was found, which is located above the south portal of the parish church and whose inscription was only chiseled a few decades ago.

Closed settlements arose early on along the traffic axis through the Drautal, which was important in ancient times. A late antique fortification was built on the Dueler hill around 400 AD. An early Christian pillar basilica also stood here , of which only the foundations have been preserved. The facility was destroyed around 600. The castle and church on the Dueler Hügel were excavated in 1928/29 under the direction of Rudolf Egger .

In 1296 the name of St. Paternianus was first mentioned in a document, which goes back to the bishop Paternianus († around 340) of the diocese of Aquileia , to which Carinthia south of the Drau belonged from 811 to 1786 under canon law. From the name in the Slovene dialect Š (ent) patrjan came the place name Paternion . The place is also called Markt or Pateriân or east and south Špatrjan for short . The old Santa name is from 1341 as eccl. sancti Paterniani tangible. In 1372 it is called sand Patrian , in the 15th century, at the time of the first mention of the market in 1424, Patnian .

The castle was first mentioned in 1354. From the 14th century Paternion was a center for lead and iron ore mining, from the 15th century also for gold. In the nearby beech trench they dug for cinnabar and mercury . During this boom in mining, immigrants and the like came. a. from Germany into the country, whose family names can still be found in the area today, e.g. B. the Stabers .

Ferdinand I granted Paternion, the capital between Spittal and Villach, market rights on June 28, 1530. In the 16th century there was also a regional court.

In 1599 Bartholomäus (Barthlme) Khevenhüller acquired the rule of Paternion . He died in 1613. The heir Hans VI. Khevenhüller, son of Barthlme Khevenhüller's third marriage, had to leave Carinthia in 1629 for reasons of faith and sell the rulership. As a result, the Venetian merchant Hans Widmann, who came from Villach, bought Paternion Castle and the associated lordship, which is still owned by his descendants, the Foscari-Widmann-Rezzonico family.

In the early 18th century, the rule of St. Paternion was a stronghold of underground Protestantism. After religious unrest in Salzburg , more and more people openly professed the Lutheran faith, and alternative services were held in unsupervised churches (such as in Feistritz an der Drau). The rulers then took massive action against "heresy". Confessing Protestants ended up in prison, were forcibly recruited and finally deported: between 1734 and 1736 a total of around 100 people were brought to Transylvania in five transports accompanied by the military . The deportations triggered a wave of refugees among the Protestants who had stayed behind. Despite the measures of the Counter Reformation of the 17th and 18th centuries, many Protestant residents of Paternion remained true to their faith, so that the community still has a comparatively high proportion of residents of Protestant faith with around 30%.

In 1850 the large community of Paternion was constituted, to which the dissolved local community Rubland was attached in 1865, the cadastral communities Kellerberg and Töplitsch, however, were separated in 1899, from which the independent local community Kellerberg emerged temporarily, which was already part of the community Weißenstein in 1905 . The area was not spared the Spanish flu in 1918 . The autumn wave of the pandemic affected “over 1000 people” in the Paternion district in December.

During the Second World War, slave laborers were used in the Paternion community in Rubland .

population

Citizenship, Religion

Of the residents of the market town of Paternion (as of 2001), 93.4% have Austrian , 2.5% Bosnian and 1.2% German citizenship .

61.9% of the population profess the Roman Catholic and 30.2% the Protestant Church, 2.6% Islam, 4.2% are without religious belief. There is an evangelical church in Feffernitz.

Population development

At the 1869 census , Paternion had 2,490 residents. In 1951 the previous high, a peak with 7,670 inhabitants, was reached. From 1991 to 2001 there was an increase in the population based on a positive birth balance and a positive migration balance. From 2001 to 2011 there was a slightly positive migration balance (+24), but a strongly negative birth balance (–208).

coat of arms

A coat of arms and seal management has been proven for the market community since at least 1713, it was probably given to the market in the 17th century or simply taken over. The model for today's coat of arms was provided by the oldest surviving seal from 1713. Since the paternium was never walled, the tinned walls and the tower in the shield base probably symbolize the civil self-defense, from which the parish and market patron Paternianus grows out as guardian and defender.

The market town's coat of arms and flag were officially awarded on June 2, 1980. The heraldic description reads:

In red from a silver four-pinned wall with a three-pinned gate tower, Saint Paternianus in a silver-framed blue cloak, the same miter and purple undergarment, in the left an open silver book, in the right holding a silver bishop's staff. The flag shows the colors red and white with an incorporated coat of arms.

Town twinning

• Ladenburg , Germany

Culture and sights

See also:  List of listed objects in Paternion

• Castle Duel
• Paternion Castle
• Pöllan Castle
• Cross Castle
• Dog Church
• Evangelical Church Feffernitz
• Catholic parish church Feistritz an der Drau hl. George
• Catholic parish church Paternion St. Paternianus
• Maria am Bichl church in Feistritz / Drau
• Koflachgraben - long gorge of the Kreuznerbach from Kreuzen to Mögere, can be hiked through on foot
• new church in Feffernitz
• Farchtensee
• Pöllaner pond

economy

According to the 2001 census, there are 251 workplaces with 1,830 employees in the municipality and 1,618 out-commuters and 1,014 in-commuters (2001). There are 130 agricultural and forestry holdings (53 of them full-time, 1999). The forestry area is 74.3 km², the agricultural area 16.6 km².

education

In the market town there is a main ski school, four elementary schools, a special school and three kindergartens.

traffic

• Road: The access to traffic is via the Tauern Autobahn (A 10), Drautal Straße (B 100) and the state roads L31, L33, L34 and L41.
• Train: The Paternion-Feistritz train station is on the Drautalbahn , but is in the municipality of Weißenstein . The Markt Paternion train station is located below the Paternion power station, about 3 km from the town center. All regional trains and some regional express trains of the Drautalbahn to Villach and Spittal an der Drau stop here .

politics

The parish council of Paternion has 23 members and has been composed as follows since the 2015 municipal council election :

• 14 SPÖ
• 5 Citizens list market town Paternion, People's Party, Freedom Party and Independents
• 3 FPÖ
• 1 green

The directly elected mayor from 2008 was Alfons Arnold (SPÖ).

Manuel Müller (SPÖ) was elected mayor on March 24, 2019.

mayor

The mayors of the municipality since 1850:

1850-1853	Josef Dörer (Lebzelter)
1853-1855	Balthasar Stefaner (businessman)
1855-1863	Iganz Müller (landlord)
1863-1864	Karl Kapeller ( vulgo Lagler)
1864-1865	Josef Götz (governor)
1865-1866	Josef Plazotta (businessman)
1866-1868	Bartl Gradnitzer (commonly known as Bacher)
1868-1873	Johann Santer (vulgo Mahd)
1873-1883	Mathias Kapeller (vulgo Lagler)
1883-1913	Philipp Müller (commonly known as Tell)
1913-1918	Johann Kapeller (vulgo Lochbräuer)
1918-1920	Jakob Winkler (businessman)
1920-1921	Johann Kapeller (vulgo Lochbräuer)
1921-1928	Karl Waidacher (owner)
1928-1932	Johann Steiner (vulgo Laber)
1932-1938	Johann Winkler
1938-1945	Josef Bartlmä (school director Kreuzen), Karl Klabutscher (master plumber), Philipp Müller (master butcher)
1945-1946	Franz Watzinger (main school director)
1946-1964	Alois Gasser (farmer)
1964-1985	Karl Wilhelm Müller (State School Inspector)
1985-1991	Hermann Scheidenberger (civil servant)
1991-2008	Georg Eder (fitter)
2008-2018	Alfons Arnold
from 2019	Manuel Müller

Personalities

• Stefan Sodat , ÖVP politician, member of the state parliament
• Günther Steyrer (* 1931, † 1986), dialect poet, composer, choir director of the singing community Feistritz / Drau
• Stefan Sodat (* 1941), ski racer
• Josef Winkler (* 1953 in Kamering), author
• Emil Krištof (* 1957), jazz musician
• Franz-Joseph Huainigg , writer and member of the ÖVP National Council
• Jutta Fastian (* 1969), actress

literature

• Paul Dedic: The secret Protestantism in Carinthia during the reign of Charles VI. (1711-1740). 26th year. Archive for patriotic history and topography. Published by the History Association for Carinthia, Klagenfurt 1940, p. 146 (188 pp.).
• Dehio manual . The art monuments of Austria. Carinthia . Anton Schroll Verlag, Vienna 1976, pp. 454–456. ISBN 3-7031-0400-7
• Gustav Forstner: 450 years of paternion. Paternion, 1980. Published by the Kärntner Bildungswerk, Herbert Dunkl. 114 pages, paperback.
• Oskar Göschen : The exiles of 1629. About the exiles , manuscript in the archives of the History Association for Carinthia
• Stephan Steiner: Traveling without return. The deportations of Protestants from Carinthia 1734–1736 , Vienna - Munich 2007 (= publications of the Institute for Austrian Historical Research 46) ISBN 3-7029-0545-6 .

Web links

Commons : Paternion  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Wikisource: S. Paternian in the Topographia Austriacarum (Matthäus Merian)  - sources and full texts

• Paternion market town
• 20720 - Paternion. Community data, Statistics Austria .
• Photo archive Austria : Aerial view of Paternion around 1953

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Pavel Zdovc Slovenska krajevna imena na Koroškem avstrijskem. Razširjena izdaja = The Slovenian place names in Carinthia. Extended Edition. (Ljubljana: Slovenska akademija znanosti in umetnosti SAZU, 2010), str. 158, ISSN  0560-2920 .
2. ↑ Statistics Austria: Population on January 1st, 2020 by locality (area status on January 1st, 2020) , ( CSV )
3. ^ Paul Gleirscher : Because of Illyrians in Carinthia. At the same time: of the persistence of popular doctrines . In: Yearbook of the State Museum for Carinthia . 2006, p. 13–22 ( PDF on ZOBODAT ).
4. ↑ Christian Gugl: Teurnia and its surroundings from the 2nd century BC. Until the 1st century AD 2000, under: [1] , accessed on February 25, 2010.
5. ↑ CIL 3, 4753 , epitaph of Ambidrabus . See Ambidrabus sv Encyclopédie de l'Arbre Celtique at encyclopedie.arbre-celtique.com , accessed on February 17, 2011.
6. ↑ Dehio Kärnten 1976, p. 454
7. ^ Eberhard Kranzmayer : Place name book of Carinthia. Part II: Alphabetical Carinthian settlement name book (with the official and dialect forms, the oldest and most important documentary evidence, the etymology and a compilation of the basic words and suffixes). Simultaneously expert for the 1st part. Klagenfurt 1958. Verlag des Geschichtsverein für Kärnten , p. 25.
8. ↑ Steiner, Journeys without Return , p. 196
9. ↑ Steiner, Journeys without Return , p. 51
10. ↑ Steiner, Journeys Without Return
11. ↑ Aifersdorf. Victims of the Spanish flu .. In:  Kärntner Zeitung / Kärntner Tagblatt , December 8, 1918, p. (Center left) (online at ANNO ).
12. ↑ Interview with a forced laborer at: Stefan Karner: Forced labor in agriculture and forestry 1939–1945. Vienna 2004, ISBN 3-7029-0532-4 , pages 519-525.
13. ^ Statistics Austria, A look at the community Paternion, population development. Retrieved February 16, 2019 . 
14. ^ Quoted from Wilhelm Deuer: The Carinthian municipal coat of arms . Verlag des Kärntner Landesarchiv, Klagenfurt 2006, ISBN 3-900531-64-1 , p. 214
15. ^ Gerfried Horand people: Peter Peball (1882-1918) - teacher and florist. In: Carinthia II. 169_89, 1979, pp. 129-136 ( PDF on ZOBODAT ).
16. ↑ ^{a b} Mayor since 1850. In: Marktgemeinde Paternion. Retrieved January 26, 2018 . 
17. ↑ Mayor election Paternion . Article dated March 24, 2019, accessed March 25, 2019.
18. ↑ Manuel Müller is the new mayor of Paternion . Article dated March 24, 2019, accessed March 25, 2019.
19. ↑ Stenographic Protocol - 115th Meeting of the Federal Council of the Republic of Austria. P. 2 , accessed on March 21, 2020 . 
20. ↑ The victorious runner who came out of the mist. Retrieved April 7, 2014 . 
21. ^ Paul Dedic:  Carinthian Exulanten des 17. Century .. In:  Carinthia I. Mitt (h) eilungen des Geschichtsvereines für Kärnten / Carinthia I. Historical contributions to the local history of Carinthia (messages from the history society for Carinthia) / Carinthia I. Historical and folkloric contributions on the local history of Carinthia , year 1946, p. 116 (online at ANNO ).