Kubuntu

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Kubuntu
Kubuntu logo
Desktop Kubuntu 20.04.png
Kubuntu 20.04 LTS "Focal Fossa" with KDE Plasma 5 .18.4
developer Kubuntu community
License (s) various
Current  version 04/20 LTS ("Focal Fossa") (April 23, 2020)
Kernel monolithic
ancestry GNU / Linux
↳ Debian GNU / Linux
↳ Ubuntu
↳ Kubuntu
Architecture (s) x86 , AMD64
compatibility POSIX
Others multilingual
desktop: KDE Plasma 5
kubuntu.org

Kubuntu is a derivative of the Linux distribution Ubuntu , which uses KDE Plasma instead of Gnome as the desktop environment . Ubuntu means "humanity" in Zulu and describes an African philosophy . The "k" is a prefix and stands for the abbreviation of "KDE". The current version is 20.04 (Focal Fossa).

As part of the Ubuntu project, Kubuntu uses the same underlying systems. The program packages are therefore obtained from the same repositories as with Ubuntu.

Kubuntu was supported by Canonical , which is also responsible for the development of Ubuntu , until the beginning of 2012 . The German IT company Blue Systems took over the development from May 2012 to 2015 , which continued to employ former Canonical employees.

history

Kubuntu 5.04

The K Desktop Environment 3 ( KDE ) was already included in the first Ubuntu version (4.10) and could only be installed later. Due to the strong demand for KDE, version 5.04 was launched which, apart from the desktop environment, does not differ from normal Ubuntu. This is the first variant of this kind and represents a compromise between the aim of avoiding redundancy and serving different interests. At first glance, Ubuntu and Kubuntu are two completely different systems, but the two systems are based on the same package sources.

In the beginning, Kubuntu was developed almost entirely by a team of volunteers, only Jonathan Riddell was employed by Canonical. This caused displeasure among German developers. After the first LTS release (6.06) it was announced that KDE support should have the same status as that for Gnome. This is reflected, for example, in the fact that Kubuntu has commercial customer service through Canonical.

Kubuntu has established itself as an alternative to Ubuntu in the course of its development. In 2014, the opinion was expressed that Kubuntu had adopted “many positive features of Ubuntu, such as the very simple installation and high stability”, while doing without “unloved details that are directly related to Unity and the Canonical product philosophy” . Kubuntu is therefore interesting for Linux beginners, but is also recommended as a candidate for switching to established Linux users. The Unity user interface has not been used by Ubuntu since 2017 either, which has switched back to Gnome.

Canonical announced in February 2012 that Kubuntu would no longer be officially supported after version 12.04 LTS. All subsequent versions will have the same status as other derivatives of Ubuntu, development will no longer be funded, only infrastructure will be made available. As a result, the German company Blue Systems took over the financing of several developers from the development cycle of version 12.10. Primary responsible Jonathan Riddell is leaving Canonical but continues to work full-time on the project. However, funding from Blue Systems stopped in 2015.

In version 15.04, which was published in April 2015, Kubuntu is one of the first major distributions to use the fifth generation of the KDE Plasma 5 workstation environment developed by KDE . In June 2015, Jonathan Riddell resigned as a lead developer from the Kubuntu Council due to internal disagreements with the Ubuntu Community Advisory Board.

Components

The desktop environment developed by KDE offers more extensive configuration options than Gnome , which can be seen as an advantage for some users but a disadvantage for others. The versions 8.04 to 14.10 of the KDE Software Compilation 4 were used as the successor to the K Desktop Environment , together with KDE applications such as the Amarok audio player or the K3b burning program . The Office package is LibreOffice, the only application program other than Firefox that is not based on KDE . KDE Plasma 5 has been used as a workplace environment since version 15.04.

From version 10.10 up to and including 13.10, the rekonq browser, which was also developed by KDE, was delivered by default instead of the Konqueror web browser, which is part of the KDE Software Collection . With Kubuntu 14.04 LTS, they switched back to Mozilla Firefox, as this can be better supplied with security updates over the long support period. As a counterpart to the Ubuntu Software Center or Synaptic , the Muon Software Center and Muon Package Manager, which were essentially developed for this, function on Kubuntu from version 11.10. These are based on a separate Qt -based interface for Apt ( LibQApt ).

Since version 13.10, which was completed in October 2013, Muon Discover has replaced the previous Muon Software Center as the standard package search .

gallery

  • Kubuntu 5.04

  • Kubuntu 10/5

  • Kubuntu 6.06 LTS

  • Kubuntu 6.10

  • Kubuntu 4/7

  • Kubuntu 7.10

  • Kubuntu 4/8

  • Kubuntu 8.10

  • Kubuntu 4/9

  • Kubuntu 10/9

  • Kubuntu 04/10 LTS

  • Kubuntu 10/10

  • Kubuntu 04/11

  • Kubuntu 10/11

  • Kubuntu 04/12 LTS

  • Kubuntu 10/12

  • Kubuntu 04/13

  • Kubuntu 10/13

  • Kubuntu 04/14 LTS

  • Kubuntu 10/14

  • Kubuntu 04/15

  • Kubuntu 10/15

  • Kubuntu 4/16 LTS

  • Kubuntu 10/16

  • Kubuntu 04/17

  • Kubuntu 10/17

  • Kubuntu 04/18 LTS

  • Kubuntu 10/18

  • Kubuntu 04/19

  • Kubuntu 10/19

  • Kubuntu 04/20 LTS

Development history

Given the nature of Kubuntu as a derivative of Ubuntu, the publications in terms of time directed generally to the publications by Ubuntu itself. Deviations therefore find as a rule only in the newly introduced features (English features ), mainly due to the divergent range of standard software is. Version numbers and code numbers correspond directly to those of Ubuntu.

version Code name Released Supports up Kernel KDE version annotation
Older version; no longer supported: 4.10 Warty Warthog
(warty warthog ) 		October 20, 2004 April 30, 2006 2.6.8 ? KDE only available in the universe area
Older version; no longer supported: 5.04 Hoary Hedgehog
(graying hedgehog ) 		April 8, 2005 October 31, 2006 2.6.10 3.4.0 first time Kubuntu
Older version; no longer supported: 5.10 Breezy Badger
(confident badger ) 		October 13, 2005 April 13, 2007 2.6.12 3.4.3
Older version; no longer supported:6.06  LTS Dapper Drake
(preppy drake ) 		June 1, 2006 July 14, 2009 2.6.15 3.5.2 LTS version
Older version; no longer supported: 6.06.1 LTS August 10, 2006 2.6.15 3.5.2 first update of the 6.06 LTS branch
Older version; no longer supported: 6.06.2 LTS January 21, 2008 2.6.15 3.5.2 second update of the 6.06 LTS branch
Older version; no longer supported: 6.10 Edgy Eft
(nervous young newt ) 		October 26, 2006 April 25, 2008 2.6.17 3.5.5 experimental version
Older version; no longer supported: 7.04 Feisty Fawn
(cheeky fawn ) 		April 19, 2007 October 19, 2008 2.6.20 3.5.6
Older version; no longer supported: 7.10 Gutsy Gibbon
(brave gibbon ) 		October 18, 2007 April 18, 2009 2.6.22 3.5.8
Older version; no longer supported: 8.04 Hardy Heron
(bold heron ) 		April 24, 2008 October 2009 2.6.24 3.5.9 or 4.0.3 Kubuntu in two variants: with KDE 3.5.9 or with KDE 4.0.3
Older version; no longer supported: 8.10 Intrepid Ibex
(intrepid Capricorn ) 		October 30, 2008 April 30, 2010 2.6.27 4.1.2 New features of the desktop version: support of UMTS networks, improvements in the support of RAID , improved and more secure package management , encryption of private directories, daemon- bound firewall rules , Apache Tomcat 6.0, Java OpenJDK 1.6, ClamAV
Older version; no longer supported: April 9 Jaunty Jackalope
(Lively Jackalope ) 		April 23, 2009 October 23, 2010 2.6.28 4.2.2 faster system start, X.Org server version 1.6, Linux kernel 2.6.28, ext4 file system as an installation option , PackageKit replaces Adept as the graphical user interface for package management by default
Older version; no longer supported: 9.10 Karmic Koala
( karmic koala ) 		October 29, 2009 April 2011 2.6.31 4.3.2 Boot time should be shortened to 10 seconds on some systems, ext4 as the standard file system, kernel 2.6.31, all users can encrypt the home directory, better Wine integration
Older version; no longer supported: 10.04 LTS Lucid Lynx
(clear lynx ) 		April 29, 2010 May 9, 2013 2.6.32 4.4.2 One of the goals is u. a. the shortening of boot times to 10 seconds. Kernel 2.6.32
Older version; no longer supported: 10.10 Maverick Meerkat
(headstrong meerkat ) 		October 10, 2010 April 10, 2012 2.6.35 4.5.1 rekonq instead of Konqueror as a web browser
Older version; no longer supported: 04/11 Natty Narwhal
(chic narwhal ) 		April 28, 2011 October 28, 2012 2.6.38 4.6.2
Older version; no longer supported: 11.10 Oneiric Ocelot
(dreamy ocelot ) 		October 13, 2011 May 9, 2013 3.0.0 4.7.1 KDE SC 4.7, Muon Software Center, Kernel 3.0
Older version; no longer supported: 12.04 LTS Precise Pangolin
(accurate scales animal ) 		April 26, 2012 April 28, 2017 3.2.0 4.8 LightDM solves KDM from
Older version; no longer supported: 12.10 Quantal Quetzal
(Quantum Quetzal ) 		October 18, 2012 April 2014 3.5.0 4.9
Older version; no longer supported: April 13th Raring Ringtail (enthusiastic cat frett )
 April 25, 2013 January 2014 3.8.0 4.10
Older version; no longer supported: 13.10 Saucy Salamander
(cheeky salamander ) 		17th October 2013 June 2014 3.11 4.11
Older version; no longer supported: 14.04 LTS Trusty Tahr
(faithful Tahre ) 		17th April 2014 April 2019 3.13 4.13.0 KDE SC 4.13.0, Firefox instead of rekonq as a web browser
Older version; no longer supported: 14.10 Utopic Unicorn
(utopic unicorn ) 		23 October 2014 July 2015 3.16 4.13.2 KDE SC 4.13.2
Older version; no longer supported: April 15 Vivid Vervet
(impulsive green monkey ) 		April 23, 2015 January 2016 3.19 5.2 KDE Plasma 5 , system start via systemd
Older version; no longer supported: 15.10 Wily Werewolf
(cunning werewolf ) 		October 22, 2015 July 2016 4.2 5.4
Older version; no longer supported: 16.04 LTS Xenial Xerus
(nice bristle squirrel ) 		April 21, 2016 April 2019 4.4 5.5 LibreOffice 5.1 and Firefox 45
Older version; no longer supported: 16.10 Yakkety Yak
(chatty yak ) 		October 13, 2016 July 2017 4.8 5.7 LibreOffice 5.2 and Firefox 49
Older version; no longer supported: 04/17 Zesty Zapus
(Enthusiastic Bouncy Mouse ) 		April 13, 2017 January 13, 2018 4.10 5.9.4
Older version; no longer supported: 17.10 Artful Aardvark
(Foxy Erdferkel ) 		19th October 2017 July 2018 4.13 5.10.5 LibreOffice 5.4 and Firefox 56; Cantata replaces Amarok as the audio player; VLC replaces Dragon Player as a media player
Older version; still supported: 18.04 LTS Bionic Beaver
(Bionic beaver ) 		April 27, 2018 April 25, 2021 4.15 5.12 LTS LibreOffice 6.0 and Firefox 59; Files are now opened by default with a double click (instead of a single click) and only indexed to "basic level" (instead of "full text"). KDE Connect (integration of Android and Kubuntu via network) stable and standard for the first time (version 1.3).
Older version; no longer supported: 18.10 Cosmic Cuttlefish
(Cosmic Squid ) 		October 18, 2018 18th July 2019 4.18 5.13.5 LibreOffice 6.1.2 and Firefox 63; Starting with this version, Kubuntu is no longer available with the 32-bit version.
Older version; no longer supported: April 19 Disco Dingo
(Disco Dingo ) 		April 18, 2019 January 2020 5.0 5.15.4 LibreOffice 6.2.2; Firefox 66; Linux kernel 5.0.0.
Older version; still supported: 19.10 Eoan Ermine
( ... ermine ) 		17th October 2019 July 2020 5.3 5.16.5 LibreOffice 6.3; Firefox 69; Wayland can be used with an additional package.
Current version: 04/20 LTS Focal fossa
( focusing Frettkatze ) 		April 23, 2020 April 2023 5.4 5.18 LTS LibreOffice 6.4; Firefox 75; Thunderbird replaces KMail and Elisa replaces Cantata as the standard program.
Legend:
Older version; no longer supported
Older version; still supported
Current version
Current preliminary version
Future version
Kubuntu desktop with some effects

distribution

42,000 schools in around 4,000 cities and towns in Brazil have been converted to Kubuntu systems. In the development of the base client 5.0 in the LiMux project of the city of Munich, the migration to Kubuntu 12.04 LTS with KDE 4.11 was carried out; this affects around 14,800 workstation computers. The city government of Taipei replace Windows with Ubuntu on 10,000 computers in schools. The French parliament has been using Kubuntu on 1,154 computers since 2007. The Canary Islands have installed Kubuntu derivatives in all schools and on the computers of the largest local university.

Web links

Commons : Kubuntu  - album with pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ https://kubuntu.org/news/kubuntu-20-04-lts-has-been-released/
  2. ↑ Andrea Wipplinger: Ubuntu - an unusual name for an amazing concept. Support. July 21, 2005, accessed October 4, 2010 .
  3. ^ Kubuntu to be Sponsored by Blue Systems. Kubuntu, April 10, 2012, accessed June 8, 2019 .
  4. ^ Kubuntu. In: Wiki from ubuntuusers.de. Retrieved June 8, 2019 .
  5. ↑ Scarlett Clark: Beta? In: kubuntu-devel mailing list. March 24, 2016, accessed June 8, 2019 .
  6. ^ Into the blue. In: Aurélien Gâteau's blog. Retrieved June 8, 2019 .
  7. ↑ PC Welt: Kubuntu.de goes offline in protest ( Memento from September 8, 2012 in the web archive archive.today )
  8. ↑ Ubuntu initiator is striving for closer collaboration with Kubuntu developers. In: heise online . April 26, 2006, accessed October 13, 2007 .
  9. ↑ Hans-Georg Eßer: Innovations in Kubuntu 14.04 LTS In: Easy Linux 03/2014, p. 110.
  10. ↑ Ubuntu 17.10 in the test: Unity is dead, long live Unity! - Golem.de. Accessed April 23, 2020 (German).
  11. ↑ Canonical withdraws from Kubuntu development. heise.de, February 7, 2012, accessed on February 16, 2012 .
  12. ↑ Blue Systems website ( Memento of the original from October 27, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / blue-systems.com archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed September 6, 2012
  13. ↑ Blue Systems instead of Canonical as sponsor. Retrieved October 12, 2014 .
  14. ↑ a b Blue Systems, the Muon Suite, and Kubuntu , blog entry by Muon developer Jonathan Thomas from August 19, 2012, accessed on September 6, 2012
  15. ↑ Kubuntu 04/15 has been released. This features the beautiful new Plasma 5 desktop from KDE. Retrieved April 29, 2015 .
  16. ↑ pro-linux.de: Distribution test Ubuntu and Kubuntu April 15. Retrieved April 29, 2015 .
  17. ↑ pro-linux.de: Jonathan Riddell resigns from the Kubuntu Council. Retrieved July 8, 2015 .
  18. ↑ KubuntuMaverickWebBrowser , Wiki entry, accessed September 6, 2012
  19. ↑ Release announcement : Official homepage, accessed on September 6, 2012
  20. ↑ Oliver Diedrich, First Beta of Ubuntu 11.10 , report from Heise online from September 1, 2011, accessed on September 6, 2012
  21. ↑ Ubuntu 4.10: End of support cycle ( Memento from June 10, 2015 in the Internet Archive )
  22. ↑ Ubuntu 5.04 Released! ( Memento from May 7, 2015 in the Internet Archive )
  23. ↑ Ubuntu 5.10 reaches end-of-life on April 13th 2007 ( Memento from November 10, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
  24. ↑ Ubuntu 6.06 LTS Desktop Edition reaches end-of-life on July 14, 2009. Retrieved July 16, 2009 .
  25. ↑ Ubuntu 6.06.1 LTS released. Retrieved October 12, 2007 .
  26. ↑ Ubuntu 6.06 LTS Desktop Edition reaches end-of-life on July 14, 2009. Retrieved July 13, 2009 .
  27. ↑ 'End of Life' announcement for Ubuntu 6.10 ( Memento from December 17, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
  28. ↑ Planning Dapper + 1. Retrieved October 12, 2007 .
  29. ↑ Ubuntu 7.04 reaches end-of-life on October 19, 2008 ( Memento from May 25, 2015 in the Internet Archive )
  30. ^ Introducing the Gutsy Gibbon. April 12, 2007, accessed October 12, 2007 .
  31. ↑ Ubuntu 7.10 reaches end-of-life on April 18, 2009 ( Memento from January 24, 2015 in the Internet Archive )
  32. ↑ Ubuntu 8.04 LTS released. Retrieved April 24, 2008 .
  33. ↑ Kubuntu 8.04 with KDE 4 instead of LTS. Retrieved October 15, 2009 .
  34. ↑ Planning for Ubuntu 8.10ish - The Intrepid Ibex. Retrieved February 20, 2008 .
  35. ↑ Ubuntu 8.10 Desktop Edition enables mobile, flexible computing for a changing digital world (English) ( Memento from June 10, 2015 in the Internet Archive )
  36. ↑ JauntyReleaseSchedule. Retrieved November 4, 2008 .
  37. ↑ Releases - Ubuntu Wiki. Retrieved January 5, 2009 .
  38. ↑ Ubuntu 9.10: Karmic Koala. Archived from the original on January 11, 2011 ; accessed on February 23, 2013 .
  39. ↑ New facts about Ubuntu 9.10. June 3, 2009. Retrieved June 3, 2009 .
  40. ↑ Ubuntu Version 9.10 Code Named Lucid Lynx (English). Retrieved September 19, 2009 .
  41. ^ Mark Shuttleworth - Blog Archive: The Art of Release. Retrieved September 3, 2009 .
  42. ↑ Releases - Development (future) releases. Retrieved May 10, 2013 .
  43. ^ Message from Scott James Remnant on the Canonical Ubuntu developers mailing list. Retrieved September 1, 2009 .
  44. ^ Mark Shuttleworth: Shooting for the Perfect 10.10 with Maverick Meerkat. In: markshuttleworth.com. April 2, 2010, accessed April 2, 2010 .
  45. ↑ Ubuntu 11.04 (Natty Narwhal) reaches end-of-life on October 28, 2012. Retrieved on October 28, 2012 .
  46. ↑ Mark Shuttleworth: Next after Natty? In: markshuttleworth.com. March 7, 2011, accessed May 10, 2011 .
  47. ↑ Ubuntu 11.10 Beta 1 released. September 2, 2011, accessed September 10, 2011 .
  48. ↑ Mark Shuttleworth: P is for… October 5, 2011, accessed October 14, 2011 .
  49. ↑ The first details for Precise Pangolin emerge. November 7, 2011, accessed November 7, 2011 .
  50. ↑ Kubuntu 04/15 will use Plasma 5. Retrieved November 17, 2014 .
  51. ↑ Kubuntu Wiki, ReleaseSchedule, 15.10 Events
  52. ↑ https://wiki.kubuntu.org/XenialXerus/ReleaseSchedule
  53. ↑ https://wiki.ubuntu.com/XenialXerus/ReleaseNotes/Kubuntu
  54. ↑ https://wiki.kubuntu.org/YakketyYak/ReleaseSchedule
  55. ↑ https://wiki.ubuntu.com/YakketyYak/ReleaseNotes/Kubuntu
  56. ↑ https://wiki.kubuntu.org/ZestyZappus/ReleaseSchedule  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / wiki.kubuntu.org  
  57. ↑ https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Releases
  58. ↑ Kubuntu 17.10 Artful Aardvark is released | Kubuntu. Retrieved October 20, 2017 (American English).
  59. ↑ https://wiki.ubuntu.com/ArtfulAardvark/ReleaseNotes
  60. ↑ ArtfulAardvark / ReleaseNotes / Kubuntu - Ubuntu Wiki. Retrieved October 20, 2017 .
  61. ↑ Ubuntu 17.10 released - Pro-Linux . In: Pro-Linux . ( pro-linux.de [accessed on March 14, 2018]).
  62. ↑ Bionic: Kubuntu 04/18 has been released . ( kubuntu.org [accessed April 27, 2018]).
  63. ↑ BionicBeaver / ReleaseNotes / Kubuntu - Ubuntu Wiki. Retrieved April 25, 2018 .
  64. ↑ Ubuntu 18.04 LTS means "Bionic Beaver". Retrieved November 6, 2017 (Austrian German).
  65. ↑ BionicBeaver / ReleaseNotes / Kubuntu - Ubuntu Wiki. Retrieved April 25, 2018 .
  66. ↑ UbuntuUpdates - Package Search (all versions of kdeconnect). Retrieved February 3, 2019 .
  67. ↑ Kubuntu 18.10 reaches end of life. Retrieved September 17, 2019 .
  68. ↑ FocalFossa / ReleaseSchedule - Ubuntu Wiki. Retrieved November 28, 2019 .
  69. ↑ The world's largest deployment of Linux desktops. Retrieved October 12, 2014 .
  70. ↑ 42,000 schools are now using Kubuntu. Retrieved October 12, 2014 .
  71. ↑ Official IT Blog Munich: Debian + Kubuntu Bug Squashing Party2013. Retrieved May 24, 2015 .
  72. ↑ Taipei replaces Windows with Linux on 10,000 school computers. Retrieved October 12, 2014 .
  73. ↑ ezgo - Free and OpenSource Software in Taiwan's Schools. Retrieved October 12, 2014 .
  74. ↑ The French Parliament switches to Kubuntu. Retrieved October 12, 2014 .
  75. ^ Kubuntu Takes Over the Canary Islands. Retrieved October 12, 2014 .