Kuyavia
Kujawia (Polish: Kujawy ) is a stretch of land in north-central Poland west of the Vistula to the upper reaches of the Netze in the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship .
Geographical location
The historical landscape of Kujawy lies on the southwest bank of the Vistula from (a few kilometers downstream from) Bydgoszcz - Fordon upstream about half the distance to Warsaw to the left Skrwa . On the right bank of the Vistula, the historic Kulmerland extends west of the Drewenz and further downstream to the Osa . The southwest border of Kujawy (towards Greater Poland ) is partly formed by the Netze (Noteć), partly it runs a little west of this river. To the north of Bydgoszcz, Kujawia borders on Pomerellen , i.e. the east of Pomerania, which is oriented towards Danzig and Tczew (Dirschau). Historic neighboring areas of Kujawy in the east were, in addition to Mazovia, the small Dobriner Land north of the Vistula between Rechter Skrwa and Drwęca (Drewenz), as well as the Ziemia łęczycka (Łęczycker Land) in central Poland.
history
Fertile soil and numerous salt springs caused early historical settlements in Kujawia, which has been so named since around 1136. Originally, the area was around the Gopło characterized by the goplans, a Mazovian stem, with the main centers in Gnesen (Gniezno) and Kruszwica. In the 11th century the area was conquered by the Polans . According to Andrzej Bańkowski, they settled in what is now Greater Poland after they were driven out of their old settlement area in Pannonia by the Avars with the Moravians . According to some information, the Polans were supported by the army of the Moravian Empire in their war against the goplanes . The Goplanen occupied by the Polans were strongly influenced by the Pannonian culture and lost their actual Mazovian character.
The first documented mention of Kuyavia is found in 1136 in the bull Ex commisso nobis by Pope Innocent II , recognizing the Archdiocese of Gniezno, which is independent of Magdeburg .
From 1233 to 1306 Kujawy formed an independent duchy with the capital Inowrocław . In the early Middle Ages, Kruszwica was considered the most important town. In the 13th century there were nine municipalities here. In 1332 Kujawien was occupied by the Teutonic Order . In July 1343 the Polish king Casimir the Great received back from the Teutonic Order in the peace of Kalisch Kujawien and beyond that also the Dobrin land ; In return, he promised not to raise any more claims on Pomeranian , Kulmerland and Michelauer Land in the future . On July 23, 1343 in the village of Wierzbiczany near Inowrocław (Hohensalza) the peace certificates were mutually transferred.
In the 17th century, Mennonite settlers from Holland and Friesland settled in Kujawia, founded numerous villages in a traditional style, some buildings have been preserved to this day. They formed independent village communities, which for the time were distinguished by highly developed agricultural skills. They had special knowledge in the irrigation of their fields through canals, whereby especially wasteland and wasteland could be reclaimed.
As a result of the first partition of Poland in 1772, part of Kujawy was annexed by Prussia . In 1815 the division of Kuyavia was constitutionally bound at the Congress of Vienna , the north of Prussia and the south of Russia were annexed. Since 1919, after the end of the First World War , Kujawia belonged again to Poland.
Cities
.jpg)
The most important cities are besides the episcopal city Włocławek in the east and Bydgoszcz (Bromberg) in the north. Brześć Kujawski (Kujawisch Brest) is located southwest of Włocławek. On the Noteć are Sompolno above the Gopło and below Kruszwica , the site of several historical events and Inowrocław . To the west of the river Strzelno is one of them. In 1432 , Władysław II Jagiełło had Dybów Castle built as a border post on the bank of the Vistula diagonally opposite Thorn ( Toruń ), which was founded by the Teutonic Order 200 years earlier on the soil of Kujawy . With the Second Peace of Thorne , it lost its border function in 1466. It has belonged to Thorn since 1512. Solec Kujawski is located on the Vistula between Toruń and Fordon.
country and people
The landscape is flat to undulating and agricultural .
The dialect of the Kujawi is a Wielkopolska dialect with Pomerellian influences. Assimilated Dutch have also left their mark on culture and language.
religion
Left
literature
- Marian Biskup: Wojny Polski z Zakonem Krzyżackim (1308–1521). Gdańsk 1993. (Polish Kujawy )
Individual evidence
- ^ Gotthold Rhode : Brief history of Poland . Scientific Book Society, Darmstadt 1965, p. 71.