Spa garden (Bad Reichenhall)
The Kurgarten (also: Königlicher Kurgarten , more rarely: Kurpark ) is a park in Bad Reichenhall , which was gradually designed from 1868 by the Munich court garden inspector Carl von Effner .
The spa garden with the foyer and graduation house is a listed building and is entered in the Bavarian monument list under number D-1-72-114-50 .
history
The cradle of the health resort was not in Reichenhall, which was only given the addition of Bad in 1890 , but in neighboring Kirchberg , which belonged to the independent municipality of Karlstein until the regional reform in the 1970s . The Kirchberg spring there is historically documented from 1713 and from 1786 brine baths were also administered in the local bath for healing purposes. When Ernst Rinck opened the first brine and whey spa in Reichenhall in what is now the Hotel Axelmannstein in 1846 , this was the beginning of a success story for spa, tourism and relaxation in the city. In the pharmacist Mathias Mack , who was also Mayor of Reichenhall at the time, Rinck found an enterprising colleague and together they gradually established Reichenhall as a popular travel destination, especially among the wealthy and the nobility from all over Europe. Before the spa garden was founded, the guests lingered in the Axelmannstein's own park, where bath music from around ten musicians was engaged for entertainment during the summer months . Warm goat whey was served and the city's spa doctors also used the park to give advice, write out prescriptions and offer spa treatments.
The salt works of the Old Salt withdrew at that time still a long way through the Reichenhaller valley. There the salt content of the brine was increased before boiling. The area northwest of the Axelmannstein around the graduation house there was still used for agriculture in the mid-19th century, but the area was extremely popular with spa guests to breathe in the salty air in the shade. During this time, benches were set up for the guests in the area of today's graduation house . When the garden of the Axelmannstein slowly became too small in view of the increasing number of guests, the city tried to get the salt works to let the site go. It was only four years later, when the decision was made to abandon brine grading, that the graduation towers and meadows were rededicated.
From 1868 onwards, the Munich court garden inspector Carl von Effner designed the park, which did not follow a courtly geometry, but was intended to convey the impression of a freely perceived landscape garden. A specially employed spa gardener took care of the cultivation of the garden with Mediterranean ornamental shrubs and groups of trees, plane trees and chestnuts . In those years the mild climate of Reichenhall was propagated; the slogan "Upper Bavarian Meran" has been quoted many times. At the same time, a brine fountain was built in front of the graduation houses, the fountain of which sprayed 100,000 liters of salt water into the air every day and made it more salty. 1868 is also considered to be the hour of birth of the Reichenhall Philharmonic Orchestra . Since there was increasing criticism of the bath music under the mayor Konrad Landrichinger, the Munich conductor and composer Josef Gung'l was engaged . He put together an ensemble consisting of 18 professional musicians and successfully demanded the construction of a music stage, which at that time was still in the garden of the Hotel Axelmannstein.
In 1878 the fees for holding the spa concerts in the garden of the Axelmannstein were too expensive for the bath commissioner's office, the concerts were relocated to the spa garden and a covered walkway and music pavilion were built there, where the orchestra with 28 musicians played under the direction of Carl Hünn . The spa garden lighting in the garden of the Axelmannstein from the same year was adopted as a special attraction for the town's spa garden and advertised as Italian nights ; it still exists today. In the north-east corner of the park there were swings and a bowling alley to pass the time, this area was one of the first children's playgrounds in Bavaria. At this time the adults also played croquet and lawn tennis in the spa garden.
After the city had been allowed to have the addition "Bad" in its name since 1890, Bad Reichenhall was awarded the title of a royal state bath in 1899. At the same time, the neo-baroque royal spa house was built by Max Littmann in the western part of the spa garden . From the turn of the century, the royal court chief building officer Eugen Drollinger redesigned the spa garden in order to meet the requirements of a royal bath with a cosmopolitan orientation. The orchestra under Gustav Paepke, who directed it for four decades, had grown to 44 musicians and corresponded to the world spa town of Bad Reichenhall.
“So the goal of longing for decades was finally achieved. Reichenhall had an outer garment for his spa life that was appropriate to its importance. "
On June 28, 1914, the orchestra gave a concert under the direction of Paepke in front of about 1,000 spa guests. When Georg Friedrich Handel's Largo was finished, a newspaper messenger hung up the telegram message of the murder of the Austro-Hungarian heir to the throne in Sarajevo . The concert was interrupted immediately and Archduke Ludwig Viktor , the youngest brother of Emperor Franz Joseph , who regularly attended the Sunday concerts in Bad Reichenhall, immediately left the city for Salzburg . At the time of the outbreak of war there were around 3,000 foreign spa guests in Bad Reichenhall, from mid-August onwards most Russian citizens left the city via Munich for neutral Switzerland and escaped the October Revolution of 1917 in their own country.
During the war years, cure and tourism in the city came to an almost complete standstill. Spa pensions were converted into hospitals and from April 1917 prisoners of war grew vegetables in the flower beds in the spa garden . After 1918, attempts were made to build on old successes, but the war had changed the social structures in Europe and the public in the city was less well-off than at the beginning of the 20th century. In 1928 the state-municipal spa center was opened at the southern end of the spa garden opposite the Hotel Axelmannstein. The global economic crisis in the 1920s meant another turning point for the city's spa business. In 1923, after the local branch of the NSDAP was founded, teenagers distributed " free tickets to Jerusalem" in the spa garden to Jewish guests. In 1941 a radical redesign of the spa garden was planned with a monumental reading room building on Kurstrasse. “ Degenerate ” and “non-Aryan” music were banned from the spa garden, although the conductor Florenz Werner long resisted it. In 1944 the last spa concert was given in the spa garden for the time being.
On June 22, 1945, less than two months after the bombing of the city , a makeshift orchestra made up of musicians from many nations was playing in the spa garden again. It took until 1952 for the already overgrown spa garden to be redesigned. The fountain square in particular should be redesigned and made more appealing. With the approval of the American Consul General, the parts of the marble Atlas Fountain were brought by Joseph Wackerle from the Platterhof in Berchtesgaden to the spa garden and rebuilt there with an extension by two pools . In 1958 the Kurhaussaal, the pump room and the foyer were redesigned. In 1961, a bandstand was also built. In 1980 the graduation house and spa house were renovated without changing the historical character of the listed spa park. There is again a children's area, which Effner had planned in the early days of the spa garden “for the purpose of using it as a playground”. Nevertheless, the spa garden is still primarily dedicated to recreation.
location
The spa garden is located between Salzburger Strasse, Kurstrasse and Bahnhofstrasse, which in this area - with the exception of a very short section of Kurstrasse and Bahnhofstrasse - are exclusively pedestrian zones . In the immediate vicinity is the Hotel Axelmannstein , which, as a brine and whey spa, was the city's first spa from 1846. To the north of the spa garden is the spa district , where many villas from the heyday of the spa around 1900 are still located today. At the southern end is the Kurmittelhaus built in 1928 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k Johannes Lang: A guest in the garden of healing
- ↑ Johannes Lang: The pharmacist of Reichenhall , Heimatblätter from August 13, 2011, supplement to the Reichenhaller Tagblatt
Web links
- Royal spa garden on bad-reichenhall.de
literature
- Johannes Lang : History of Bad Reichenhall. Ph.CW Schmidt, Neustadt / Aisch 2009, ISBN 978-3-87707-759-7
- Johannes Lang: In the garden of healing. The history of the royal spa gardens in Bad Reichenhall. Noricum-Verlag, Bad Reichenhall 2005, ISBN 978-3-9809580-4-2
- Johannes Lang: As a guest in the Garden of Healing , Heimatblätter dated August 13, 2018 as a supplement to the Reichenhaller Tagblatt
- Herbert Pfisterer: Bad Reichenhall in its Bavarian history. Motor + Touristik-Verlag, Munich, 1988
Coordinates: 47 ° 43 '39.7 " N , 12 ° 52' 50.9" E