Kyu
Kyū ( Japanese 級 , literally class , school class , level , rank or rank ) denotes the degree of progress of the students in Japanese martial arts (Japanese Budō ). As mudansha (Jap. 無段者 , literally "person with no Dan " ) or Mudan (Jap. 無段 , literally "without Dan " / 無断 "without permission" ) used to describe people who (Jap. Still no master degree Dan ) hold and consequently are students or Kyū degree holders .
General
Since Kanō Jigorō introduced the Kyū degrees - based on the German school system of the 19th century - into the martial art of Judo in 1895 , the class hierarchy (Latin: Sexta, Quinta, Quarta, Tertia, Seconda and Prima) has been expressed in the order of the Kyū . So the kyū are increased with decreasing number. A beginner would - depending on the martial art - start with the 9th Kyū and be awarded the 8th Kyū after a passed (belt) exam . The 1st Kyū is the most advanced and highest student grade and the last before the 1st Dan , the first master degree.
In many martial arts the kyū degrees are marked by colored belts (Japanese obi ). Every newcomer wears a white belt and the more advanced with higher Kyū grades receive belts of specified colors after passing the exam. Depending on the gradation in the respective martial art, it can be a yellow, orange, green, blue, purple, red or brown belt. However, the Kyū gradations are not uniform (see below) and there are sometimes major differences not only between individual martial arts, but also between associations of the same martial art.
Furthermore, there are martial arts or associations that do without a visual differentiation of the student grades, so that members of all student grades either only wear white belts, the belt color does not matter or a belt does not belong to the clothing of the martial arts .
In many martial arts, the kyū degree determines the order of the seats at the beginning and end of the training: the students sit or stand in the dōjō in the order of their graduation; the highest graduate students are generally farthest from the entrance, while the beginners are placed closest to the entrance.
Overview of the different levels
Here is an overview of the gradations common in the various martial arts, umbrella organizations and styles. Usually you don't need to take an exam for the white belt; There are exceptions: B. Shotokan karate at DKV.
Jiu Jitsu
In the German Jiu-Jitsu Union (DJJU), in the German Jiu-Jitsu-Ring Erich Rahn (DJJR) and in the German Dan-Kollegium (DDK) there is a six-level subdivision of the student grades, according to which the umbrella associations less established in Germany, such as the World Ju Jitsu Federation (WJJF) in Germany, judge:
| Kyu | 6. Kyu | 5. Kyu | 4. Kyu | 3. Kyu | 2. Kyu | 1. Kyu |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Belt color | White | yellow | orange | green | blue | brown |
In the German Jiu Jitsu Association (DJJB), on the other hand, there are nine student grades due to the fanning out of the brown belt. This further subdivision of the student graduations in the DJJB serves to better prepare students for the black belt :
| Kyu | 9. Kyu | 8. Kyu | 7. Kyu | 6. Kyu | 5. Kyu | 4. Kyu | 3. Kyu | 2. Kyu | 1. Kyu |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Belt color | White | yellow | orange | green | blue | brown | brown | a | brown || b | brown ||| c |
Ju-Jutsu
In the German Ju-Jitsu Federation (DJJV) there are six student grades. An examination for the 6th Kyū only has to be taken in the children's program.
| Kyu | 6. Kyu | 5. Kyu | 4. Kyu | 3. Kyu | 2. Kyu | 1. Kyu |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Belt color | White | yellow | orange | green | blue | brown |
Judo
As in Jiu Jitsu , judoka in the German Judo Association (DJB) and the German Judo Association (DJV) have for a long time had the "normal" six-level student grades. In the 1990s, the DJB introduced additional intermediate degrees:
| Kyu | 9. Kyu | 8. Kyu | 7. Kyu | 6. Kyu | 5. Kyu | 4. Kyu | 3. Kyu | 2. Kyu | 1. Kyu |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Belt color | White | White- | yellow | yellow- | orange | orange- | green | blue | brown |
| yellow | orange | green |
Half-color levels not recognized by the German Judo Federation also occur:
| Kyu | 9. Kyu | 8. Kyu | 7. Kyu | 6. Kyu | 5. Kyu | 4. Kyu | 3. Kyu | 2. Kyu | 1. Kyu |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Belt color | White | White- | yellow | White- | orange | White- | green | blue | brown |
| yellow | orange | green |
The Hamburg Judo Association (HJV) has been awarding the violet judo belt to teachers in Hamburg schools since 11/2016. After intensive further training on all aspects of judo, teachers are trained both to take the Abitur in the sport of judo and to teach judo in schools.
karate
In the German Karate Association (DKV), different examination regulations apply to the different styles.
In Gōjū-Ryū , Wadō-Ryū , Shōtōkan , Shitō-Ryū and in the open style:
| Kyu | 9. Kyu | 8. Kyu | 7. Kyu | 6. Kyu | 5. Kyu | 4. Kyu | 3. Kyu | 2. Kyu | 1. Kyu |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Belt color | White | yellow | orange | green | blue | blue | brown | brown | brown |
In Modern Sports Karate :
| Kyu | 12/11 Kyu | 10./9. Kyu | 8./7. Kyu | 6./5. Kyu | 4th / 3rd Kyu | 2./1. Kyu |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Belt color | White | yellow | orange | green | blue | brown |
Aikido
The division into six student grades is used worldwide in most Aikidō associations (for children also 9 to 12 student grades). A colored marking of the student grades i. d. Usually waived. Instead, all students wear white belts. This emphasizes the equality of all student grades.
Almost exclusively in the Aikido-Union Germany (AUD) and in the German Aikido-Bund (DAB) the student grades are differentiated by color:
| Kyu | 6. Kyu | 5. Kyu | 4. Kyu | 3. Kyu | 2. Kyu | 1. Kyu |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Belt color | White | yellow | orange | green | blue | brown |
Kobudo
In Kobudo Kwai Germany (KKD), there are also six student grades.
| Kyu | 6. Kyu | 5. Kyu | 4. Kyu | 3. Kyu | 2. Kyu | 1. Kyu |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Belt color | White | yellow | orange | green | red | brown |
Kendo
There are also six student grades in the German Kendobund (DKenB) that are not indicated by belts. There are exams from the 6th Kyū.
Naginata
There are also six student grades in the German Naginatabund (DNagB) that are not indicated by belts. There are exams from the 6th Kyū.
Shaolin Kempo
The German Wushu Federation awards nine student grades according to children's grades "White belt with up to 5 blue stripes".
| Kyu | 9. Kyu | 8. Kyu | 7. Kyu | 6. Kyu | 5. Kyu | 4. Kyu | 3. Kyu | 2. Kyu | 1. Kyu |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Belt color | White | white | a | white || b | white ||| c | yellow | orange | green | blue | brown |
Belt systems in other martial arts
- In kickboxing ( WAKO Germany ) colored belt will be awarded. The color sequence corresponds to that of Jiu Jitsu . In some associations the belts green, blue and brown are divided into green I and green II, blue I and blue II, and brown I and brown II.
- In Capoeira there are different systems. Colored cords are awarded.
- In the Korean martial arts Hapkido and Taekwondo , the student grades are also differentiated by colored belts according to the same concept, called kup there .
- In traditional Taekido , graduations are differentiated by colored belts. The color sequence also corresponds to that of Jiu Jitsu .
- In some schools of the Arnis-Kali-Eskrima , graduations are differentiated by colored belts.
- In the Brazilian variant of Japanese Jiu-Jitsu, the grades are based on those of classic Jiu-Jitsu, but there is an additional subdivision into four sub-grades for each belt color: white stripes on a black background.
| Adults (16 and older) |
|
|---|---|
| White |
|
| blue |
|
| violet |
|
| brown |
|
| Junior belt colors (15 and younger) |
|
|---|---|
| White |
|
| Gray |
|
| yellow |
|
| orange |
|
| green |
|
Graduation systems outside of martial arts
There are also kyū and dangrade in the board games Go and Shōgi, as well as chadō (tea ceremony) and ikebana (art of arranging flowers).
- In the ranking system of the Go and that of the Shogi , the number of Kyū ranks is greater because the classification is linked to the default . Belts are not used here.
- In Japan in particular, Kyū and Dang grades are also awarded in parallel in almost all sports, often alongside an official, worldwide ranking system. For example, in chess reaching a rating of 1500 points corresponds to the 1st and reaching a rating of 2650 points to the 10th Dan.
See also
Web links
- Jiu Jitsu
- Examination regulations German Jiu-Jitsu Union (DJJU)
- Examination program Deutscher Jiu-Jitsu-Ring Erich Rahn (DJJR)
- Examination regulations World Ju Jitsu Federation Germany (WJJF)
- Judo
- karate
- Examination regulations of the German JKA Karate Federation (DJKB) (PDF; 471 kB)
- Examination regulations of the German Karate Association (DKV)
- Kickboxing
- Aikido
- Examination regulations Aikido Union Germany (AUD)
- Examination regulations in the Aikikai Honbu Dojo in Tokyo
- Examination regulations of the German Aikido Association (DAB) (PDF; 49 kB)
- Kobudo
- Kendo
- Naginata
- Brazilian Jiu Jitsu
- Shaolin Kempo
Individual evidence
- ↑ Innovative further training for teachers by the Hamburg Judo Association ( Memento of the original from November 28, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Elo system. FESA, accessed December 27, 2017 .
