Lützelburg (Lutzelbourg)
| Lützelburg | ||
|---|---|---|
 Inner and outer keep |
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| Alternative name (s): | Château de Lutzelbourg | |
| Creation time : | 11th century | |
| Castle type : | Höhenburg, spur location | |
| Conservation status: | received or received substantial parts | |
| Standing position : | Nobles | |
| Place: | Lutzelbourg | |
| Geographical location | 48 ° 43 '57.6 " N , 7 ° 15' 13.8" E | |
| Height: | 332 m | |
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The Lützelburg (French: Château de Lutzelbourg ) near Lutzelbourg in the French department of Moselle is one of the most important Hohenstaufen castle ruins in the former Lorraine part of the Vosges .
The castle dominates one of the most important Vosges crossings through the Zorn valley (332 m) a few kilometers above Saverne . The road from Strasbourg to Metz ran nearby in Roman times . Today the Canal de la Marne au Rhin and the Strasbourg-Metz railway line pass here .
history
The castle was built at the end of the 11th century and was initially owned by the Counts of Lützelburg, who came from the House of Scarponnois (on the father's side) and the House of Savoy (on the mother's side), until after the death of Reinard von Lützelburg († 1150) it was transferred to Bishops of Metz arrived. In 1163 they had the castle re-fortified at the instigation of Friedrich Barbarossa . The Lützelburg is one of the few castles from the Hohenstaufen era that can be precisely dated in a document.
Through pledges and sales, an inheritance developed over time , to which Franz von Sickingen also belonged since 1504 . After his death in 1523, Elector Ludwig V of the Palatinate had the castle razed and the rule of Lützelburg with its villages Haselburg , Hültenhausen , Wilsberg and Mittelbronn was united with the Palatinate county of Lützelstein ( La Petite-Pierre ). The military function was transferred to the Pfalzburg fortress founded in 1570 .
In 1840 Adolf Germain, a notary from Phalsbourg, prevented the demolition of the castle ruins, the stones of which were intended for the construction of the Strasbourg-Metz railway line. Around 1900, the Strasbourg medical professor Eugène Koeberlé bought the ruins and built a neo-Romanesque residential building.
investment
The system from the Hohenstaufen era was only slightly changed and supplemented in later times. The spur castle lies on a mountain spur of irregular shape, against which it is protected by a neck ditch , and was about 80 by 130 meters in size. She has two in hump blocks executed Bergfriede : a larger square right on the moat and a pentagonal approximately in the center of the plant. The existence of two keeps could be an indication of an inheritance of the castle that already existed during the renovation . The residential buildings, which have only survived in small remnants, were based on the circular wall , which means that the complex can be assigned to the type of Randhausburg. Aligned against the neck ditch, there is a shield wall made of smoothly hewn cuboids with pincer holes and a round arched portal . Only here is the wall sufficiently high that it reveals a slight setback above the archway, as can often be seen on Staufer towers and walls. To the west of the gate are the foundations of another square tower, probably the only remnant of the previous building from the 11th century.
Beyond the neck ditch, a small barbican with a bastion tower was placed in front of the main entrance in the 15th century . In addition, there are no remains of post-Hohenstaufen extensions to the castle.
literature
- Dieter Barz: Comments on the gate tower and the northern palace of the Lützelburg / Zorn. In: Etudes médiévales . Vol. 5, 1992, ISSN 0758-3362 , pp. 121-144.
- Thomas Biller, Bernhard Metz: The castles of Alsace - architecture and history. Volume 1: The beginnings of castle building in Alsace (until 1200) . Published by the Alemannic Institute Freiburg i. Br., Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich / Berlin 2018, ISBN 978-3-422-07439-2 , pp. 398–416.
- Heinrich Kuhn, Jean Paul Koltz: Castles and palaces in Lorraine and Luxembourg . Weidlich, Frankfurt am Main 1964.
- Nicolas Mengus, Jean-Michel Rudrauf: Châteaux forts et fortifications médiévales d′Alsace . Dictionnaire d′histoire et d′architecture. La Nuée Bleue, Strasbourg 2013, ISBN 978-2-7165-0828-5 , pp. 203-205.
