Laguna de Santa Rosa
| Laguna de Santa Rosa | ||
 Laguna Santa Rosa with Mayacamas Mountains in the background |
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| Data | ||
| Water code | US : 226766 | |
| location | Sonoma County in California (USA) | |
| River system | Russian River | |
| Drain over | Russian River → Pacific Ocean | |
| source | Mountain landscape west of Cotati 38 ° 19 ′ 4 ″ N , 122 ° 43 ′ 21 ″ W |
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| Source height | 79 m | |
| muzzle | East of Forestville Coordinates: 38 ° 28 ′ 12 " N , 122 ° 50 ′ 27" W 38 ° 28 ′ 12 " N , 122 ° 50 ′ 27" W |
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| Mouth height | 14 m | |
| Height difference | 65 m | |
| Bottom slope | 2.8 ‰ | |
| length | 23 km | |
| Catchment area | 658 km² | |
The Laguna de Santa Rosa ( Spanish for "Lake of the Holy Pink") is a 23-kilometer wetland in Sonoma County in the US state of California . It is the second largest freshwater wetland in northern California.
Run
The main source of Laguna de Santa Rosa is in the hills on the west side of US Route 101 near Cotatis . Its waters flow in an easterly direction, crosses Route 101 and flows into Cotati at the interchange of West Sierra Avenue . The Laguna then runs under the Old Redwood Highway , south of Charles Street, and meets a drainage ditch near Marsh Way . (Some sources refer to this canal as the main part of the Laguna de Santa Rosa.)
From this confluence on, the Laguna turns to the northwest and crosses East Cotati Avenue , here it forms the border between Cotati and Rohnert Park . Near Southwest Boulevard , she crosses Route 101 again and leaves the municipality of Cotati. As it continues to the northwest, the river is enlarged by the tributaries of Copeland Creek , Washoe Creek , Hinebaugh Creek , and Five Creek . The Laguna de Santa Rosa then crosses the Llano Road at the regional sewage treatment plant , the Todd Road is crossed as the next street and takes on the Blucher Creek . East of Sebastopol , California State Route 12 crosses it and turns to the north. A little south of Guerneville Road , the Santa Rosa Flood Control Channel flows into the Laguna, which carries water from Santa Rosa Creek and its tributaries. The Laguna continues to flow northward, picking up Mark West Creek and even flowing into the Russian River in the midst of the wetlands east of Forestville .
history
Archaeological measurements in southern Sonoma County provide evidence that the land around the Laguna de Santa Rosa was under the control of three Pomo tribes , the Konhomtara , the Kataictemi and the Bitakomtara , who together inhabited an area of approximately 906 square kilometers.
The territory of the Konhomtaras included “... the area of present day Sebastopol, bounded on the east by the Laguna, on the north by the Russian River, on the west by the summit of the mountains nearest the coast, and on the south by an indeterminate line that extended from the south end of the Laguna to the western border ” (Stewart, 1943; in German: “ ... the section of today's Sebastopol bordered in the east by the Laguna, in the north by the Russian River, in the West to the peaks of the mountains near the coast, and to the south on an indefinite border that ran along the imaginary southern extension of the Laguna ” ).
The Kataictemi settled the land on both sides of the Russian River north of the Mark West Creek. Its northern limit was about two miles north of present-day Healdsburg , and included the lower reaches of Dry Creek .
The Bitakomtara tribe probably consisted of two sub-tribes, one of which was located at the tip of Santa Rosa Creek and the other in Santa Rosa , which also inhabited the eastern coast of the Laguna. The territory of Bitakomtara was bounded to the north by Mark West Creek, to the west by the Laguna, to the south by an undefined line running from the summit of Sonoma Mountain to the southern end of Laguna de Santa Rosa, and to the east by the summit of the Mayacamas Mountains south to the top of Sonoma Mountain.
The "South end of the Laguna" (southern end of the lake) was and is at the height of the town of Cotati, about 7.2 kilometers south of Rohnert Park.
The theory of the settlement of the three Pomo tribes is proven by over 80 archaeological sites that could be clearly assigned to the Pomo. Some sites are in the floodplains on the western edge of the laguna.
The rich wetlands of the Laguna represented an important possession for the Pomo. Control over them sparked a traditional tension between the tribes, the tension presumably increased continuously. A permit was required to pass the territories of each tribe. So the Konhomtara had to allow the Kataictemi to fish in the Russian River.
The ancient laguna of the 20th century BC BC made abundant fish, poultry and common pond rush available to the tribes . The reeds were used by the common pond rush to make huts and canoes.
From 1870 onwards, agriculture in the area around the laguna was intensified, this was facilitated by the connection of the area to the railway network. In the 1960s the development of the eastern plain was almost complete, at the same time the anadromous fish population of 1.6 million members collapsed. In 1989, more than 92 percent of the surrounding floodplain forest had disappeared and the water quality had reached extremely low levels.
geology
During the Miocene , the entire region was covered by the Pacific Ocean . Around 12 million years ago , unfolding processes accompanied by volcanism formed the Mayacamas and Sonoma Mountains in the east of the Laguna . In doing so, they created the geomorphological characteristics of today's landscape. Millions of years of fluvial erosion led to rich soils in the Santa Rosas plain and to the Laguna de Santa Rosa, which meanders over the wide plain as a drainage channel. The western range of hills, on the other hand, is much less pronounced and is less involved in draining the basin.
The soil types within the Laguna are complex and vary greatly depending on their location. Many soils directly adjacent to the laguna are classified as clay soils . The surface is typically dark gray. The soils in the 100 cm thick upper layer are slightly to moderately acidic , below this there are moderately alkaline , dark clay soils. The slope of the catchment area of the Laguna is between zero and two percent.
Hydrology and water quality
The largest tributaries of the Laguna are the Santa Rosa Creek , the Copeland Creek , the Hinebaugh Creek , the Five Creek , the Washoe Creek and the Blucher Creek . In the dry summer, the Laguna de Santa Rosa is made up of winding loops, while in the winter storm season it is flooded and forms a series of lakes. There are numerous seasonal water basins in the floodplain, which extends for miles to the east. Some rare and endangered animal species are found in this area.
In terms of water quality , the Laguna is classified as impaired according to the Clean Water Act of 1972 , and is the most polluted body of water on the entire north coast of California in the categories of debris , nitrogen , phosphorus , temperature, mercury and oxygen saturation .
ecology
The Laguna de Santa Rosa includes various habitats such as freshwater areas , alluvial forest and floodplains , seasonal wetlands and muddy areas. A large number of rare and endangered species can be detected at the Laguna. The species Ambystoma californiense , Syncaris pacifica and Limnanthes vinculans are present here. Since the North American Pacific Flyway , a flight route of migratory birds , runs over the Laguna, it provides a habitat for the Canada goose , the turkey vulture, the owl , the great egret , the great blue heron and the great falcon . More than 200 species of birds are known to be in the Laguna area during fish migration . Endangered salmon fish also cross the Laguna to spawn in one of its tributaries .
Administration and management
Much of the Laguna's most important habitat is in private hands. The water in the Laguna, like the land and natural resources around it, is regulated by several government agencies. At the federal level, the US Army Corps of Engineers played an important role in the analysis of water quality, particularly with regard to sediments. The National Marine Fisheries Service of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration controls problematic habitats and tried to help save the salmon fish. The State of California exercises ownership rights and protection measures for endangered species through the Department of Fish and Game . The North Coast Regional Water Quality Control Board is responsible for regulating water quality. At the local level, the Sonoma County Water Agency manages parts of the Laguna for flood protection . The city of Sebastopol also owns land in the Lagunan region, which is administered as a public park. In addition to government agencies, the privately run Laguna de Santa Rosa Foundation also plays an active role in public education, restoration, research and the implementation of educational programs in the Laguna.
Web links
- Official site of the Laguna de Santa Rosa Foundation (English)
- Community Clean Water Institute Laguna de Santa Rosa depicting water quality (English)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Laguna de Santa Rosa in the Geographic Names Information System of the United States Geological Survey
- ↑ The sections are based on the work of David A. Fredrickson, Ph.D. and Daniel W. Markwyn, Ph.D.
- ↑ Laguna de Santa Rosa Foundation library archives, Laguna Foundation, PO Box 7886, Santa Rosa, CA 95407 (2006)
- ^ Soil Survey, Sonoma County, California , US Department of Agriculture , Soil Conservation Service , United States Government Printing Office , Washington DC, May 1972