Eppingen Agricultural School
The Eppingen Agricultural School was the second oldest agricultural school in Baden . It was originally founded in Heidelberg in 1864 and moved to Eppingen in 1869 .
Beginning in Heidelberg
The school in Heidelberg was opened on December 1, 1864 with 24 students and was an institution of the Heidelberg district , to which the district offices of Eppingen , Heidelberg , Sinsheim and Wiesloch were subordinate. The newly founded agricultural school was, like all such schools, a winter school, because in the summer all workers were needed in agriculture. The students initially came from the districts of Heidelberg , Mannheim and Mosbach .
Relocation to Eppingen
Further agricultural schools were founded in Baden, for example in Bühl (1866), Buchen (1867), Müllheim (1867), Meßkirch (1867) and in 1868 in Ladenburg . Since the catchment areas of the Heidelberg and Ladenburg agricultural schools overlapped too much, the Baden government decided to relocate the Heidelberg school. The cities of Sinsheim and Eppingen applied for their seat.
The favorable traffic situation spoke in favor of Sinsheim and the exclusively agricultural structure in favor of Eppingen. In addition, the city of Eppingen agreed to assume all other costs of the school, apart from staff costs. The decision was made in Karlsruhe in favor of Eppingen.
Before the agricultural school was reopened in Eppingen on November 1, 1869, an agreement stipulated the following cost allocation: the Baden state paid the school board and was responsible for supervising the school. The district of Heidelberg paid the other teachers and also the costs for teaching materials, heating, etc. The city of Eppingen provided the classrooms including the equipment.
The new school in Eppingen found modest rooms in the then high school in Roth , the later secondary school and today's Kraichgau school. The first school year began with 19 students, 6 of them from Eppingen, and a teacher Heuser as the school board member.
Eppinger Volksbote from October 20, 1882
The agricultural winter school ... is a public educational establishment which, in addition to adequate general education, provides theoretical and, as far as possible, practical preparation for the agricultural trade.
The number of teaching hours is 40 per week, plus 2 working hours per day under the supervision of a teacher. (...) The almost uninterrupted stay of the pupils in the classroom enables the teachers to live together in a fruitful way with the pupils, whereby the moral education of the same and a discipline can be handled and diligence, obedience and orderliness can be planted and strengthened in the young minds. (...)
There are currently 5 teachers working at the district winter school, namely: Agriculture teacher Wunderlich for scientific teaching in all aspects of agriculture, natural science and bookkeeping .; District veterinarian Bechtold for veterinary instruction; Trades teacher Straub for teaching arithmetic, drawing and for theoretical and practical lessons in field measurements and leveling; Realteacher Schwarz for German lessons; Commercial gardener and fruit grower Kögel for practical instruction in fruit tree cultivation.
Development of the school
The school recorded increasing numbers of students until a new winter school was established in Mosbach in 1902 . In 1910, the agricultural school moved into the new building of the commercial and agricultural school in today's Ludwig-Zorn-Straße. There was an interruption during the First World War, the school building was used as an auxiliary hospital, and the first post-war classes began in 1919 with 66 students. In the school year 1925/26 the number of pupils reached its highest point.
The introduction of compulsory schooling for farmer's sons in 1933 increased the number of pupils so that in 1935 a branch in Neckarbischofsheim - in 1949 this was established independently by Eppingen - was set up to relieve the burden. From 1939, the young women farmers in the entire area were taught in the girls' department in Neckarbischofsheim.
Reich Board of Trustees for Technology in Agriculture
After 1933, the agricultural school became a branch of the Reich Board of Trustees for Technology in Agriculture . Meyers Lexikon wrote in 1942: ... originally a technical information center of the Reich Ministry of Food and Agriculture, today promotes the design, dissemination and utilization of all technical facilities, processes and aids to increase economic production in agriculture and forestry as well as in horticulture, fruit growing and viticulture ( ...) Recently, u. a. the distribution of raw material quotas was added.
Rural experimental ring in Elsenzgau
The activity of the Versuchsring Elsenzgau , founded in 1926, was taken over by the newly established economic advice center of the rural farmers at the Eppingen Agricultural School after it was forcibly dissolved as part of the harmonization of all areas of life and business .
War and post-war period
Even then, new building plans were in place in order to provide sufficient space for the new tasks, which were also followed by additional staff. The Second World War prevented the spatial expansion. During the war, parts of the rooms were used for other purposes and lessons were restricted to winter courses.
From 1947 the school ran like in the pre-war period. However, since the Neckarbischofsheim branch became independent in 1949, the catchment area for the Eppinger school was reduced to include the communities of Zuzenhausen , Hoffenheim , Daisbach , Babstadt and Bad Rappenau .
Origin and history of the Eppingen Agriculture Office
In 1950 the Sinsheim Agricultural Office was relocated to Eppingen and the new office was called the Eppingen Agricultural Office. The agricultural school became part of this office and the director was responsible for both areas.
On the occasion of the district reform in 1974, the Eppingen Agriculture Office was assigned to the Heilbronn District as the second Agriculture Office. The official area now extended to the Zabergäu and Kraichgau with the municipalities of Bad Rappenau , Eppingen, Gemmingen , Ittlingen , Kirchardt , Siegelsbach , Brackenheim , Cleebronn , Güglingen , Massenbachhausen , Pfaffenhofen , Schwaigern and Zaberfeld .
Area of responsibility
- Unit 1: Agricultural structure and landscape development
- Unit 2: Business Administration
- Unit 3: Production technology and marketing
- Unit 4: Rural Housekeeping
Service building
First of all, from 1950 the office had to be housed in the former official prison at Wilhelmstrasse 18. 49 ° 8 ′ 10.3 ″ N , 8 ° 54 ′ 23.7 ″ E After the agricultural school was rebuilt in 1953, the Agriculture Office also moved into this building. After the Eppingen Agricultural School was closed in 1974, the building was too big for the remaining Agricultural Office, so in 1979 it moved to the official building at Kaiserstraße 1, built in 1873 for the Eppingen District Court and until 1979 the notary's office . 49 ° 8 '12.7 " N , 8 ° 54' 24.2" E
Despite protests, the Agriculture Office was dissolved on October 1, 1997, and the Heilbronn Agriculture Office took over the entire service district in the Heilbronn district.
extension
Due to a lack of space, part of the new authority moved into the former official prison of the Eppingen District Office, which was dissolved in 1924, on Kaiserstraße and Wilhelmstraße. Now the plans of the school's new sponsor since 1939, the district of Sinsheim , could be implemented. On July 9, 1953, the new district agricultural school was inaugurated above the Dieffenbacher machine factory. It offered enough space for all the activities of the Eppingen Agriculture Office as the lower administrative authority for agriculture for the Sinsheim district.
Anniversary and end
In July 1964, the agricultural school celebrated its centenary, because the founding in Heidelberg in 1864 was always regarded as the actual birth.
Many factors brought the end of this rural technical school, which had existed for over 100 years. The structural changes in agriculture, fewer personnel and more machines, central technical schools, as well as savings by the state and the decreasing importance of agriculture sealed the end. The school was closed in 1974 and the Department of Agriculture dissolved on October 1, 1997. An association of former agricultural students in Eppingen organizes meetings in order not to lose contacts among the former students.
Literature and Sources
Agricultural school
- Fritz Luz : 110 years of agricultural school in Eppingen . In: Around the Ottilienberg. Contributions to the history of the city of Eppingen and the surrounding area , Volume 3, Eppingen 1985, pp. 212-217.
- Festschrift on the occasion of the celebration of the 100th anniversary of the Eppingen agricultural school on 4th / 5th July 1964 . Agricultural Office Eppingen, Eppingen 1964.
- General State Archives Karlsruhe: Holdings 468 / Eppingen Agricultural School
Agricultural Office
- 25 years of the city of Eppingen . City of Eppingen, Eppingen 1997, p. 15.
- The new Eppingen. 1945–1980 . City of Eppingen, Eppingen 1980, pp. 43-44 u. 46.
- State Archives Ludwigsburg: Holdings FL 615/28, Eppingen Agriculture Office
Individual evidence
- ^ Meyer's Lexicon . 8th edition, Volume 9, Leipzig 1942, Col. 220
Map with all coordinates: