Ležáky
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| Ležáky | |||||
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| Basic data | |||||
| State : |
 Czech Republic
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| Region : | Pardubický kraj | ||||
| District : | Chrudim | ||||
| Municipality : | Vrbatův Kostelec | ||||
| Geographic location : | 49 ° 50 ' N , 15 ° 54' E | ||||
| Height: | 400 m nm | ||||
| Residents : | 0 | ||||
| Postal code : | 539 55 | ||||
| License plate : | E. | ||||
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| Street: | Miřetice - Prosetín | ||||
Ležáky (German Lezaky , formerly Ležak ) is a desert on the territory of the municipalities Vrbatův Kostelec and Miřetice in the Czech Republic . On June 24, 1942 and the following days, almost all of the residents of Ležáky were murdered. This crime, like the Lidice massacre , was an act of retaliation by the German National Socialists for the assassination attempt by the Czechoslovak resistance movement on Reinhard Heydrich . The hamlet was looted, set on fire and then torn down. Today the Ležáky Memorial is located in its place.
geography
Ležáky is located one kilometer southeast of Miřetice in the Iron Mountains . The desert is located at the foot of the Zárubka (455 m nm) at the confluence of the Bystřička in the valley of the Ležák brook . To the south-west are the disused Hluboká quarries.
Neighboring towns are Dubová and Havlovice in the north, Habroveč , Kvasín and Vrbětice in the northeast, Dřeveš in the east, Tisovec in the southeast, Příkrakov, Paseky and Vyhnánov in the south, Včelákov and Vranov in the southwest, Majlant, Dachovské Pasewest and Nouzov in the north .
history
The first written mention of the Ležak mill was made in 1651. The mill, subject to the Přestavlky manor, was the only property for a long time. Around 1785, the first three chalets were built opposite the mill on the right side of the valley belonging to the Nassaberg rulership .
In 1835, the in was Chrudim district located mill and Brettsäge Lezak to the village Dachov and the remaining three houses to the village Habroveč konskribiert.
After the abolition of patrimonial , the hamlet was divided from 1849 along the stream between the municipalities of Louka and Miřetice . In the second half of the 19th century, more chalets were built on the Louka cadastre. The residents of Ležáky worked as stone crushers, and there were two quarries right next to the hamlet. After the German occupation , the eight-member resistance group "Čenda" was founded in Ležáky, which later grew to 25 members. In 1942 Ležáky consisted of 9 houses in which 54 people lived. With the exception of the mill, the remaining eight houses belonged to the Louka parish. The residents worked in the Hluboká quarries, where chalcopyrite, galena, limonite and iron ore were mined.
The assassination attempt on Reinhard Heydrich, the murder of almost all of Ležáky's residents by the SS and the destruction of the place
On December 29, 1941, on behalf of the Czechoslovak government-in-exile , a British aircraft dropped three groups of Czech special agents in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia to carry out an assassination attempt on the Deputy Reich Protector Reinhard Heydrich .
The Silver A group , whose goal was Heřmanův Městec , mistakenly landed at Senitz not far from Poděbrady . The three paratroopers Alfréd Bartoš, Josef Valčík and Jiří Potůček managed to penetrate as far as Pardubice and make contact with a lieutenant in the former Czechoslovak army . He organized the housing of the three and the construction of the Libuše radio system in the Hluboká quarry , which he managed and which began broadcasting in January 1942. On May 27, 1942, the planned assassination attempt by the paratroopers on Reinhard Heydrich was carried out. He died on June 4th as a result of the attack.
In June 1942, the Gestapo first tracked down the radio system, which had been in the Ležák mill for a while, through the betrayal of a member of the other group. On June 18, seven paratroopers were arrested in the Church of St. Cyril and Method in Prague. At first they defended themselves against the German superiority. The last four survivors in the group took their own lives after the situation became hopeless.
Since the Gestapo Ležáky had become known as the station's headquarters, the first people were arrested there on June 22, 1942, including the miller, with whom Potůček had also found temporary shelter. Bartoš was previously lured into a trap in Pardubice and succumbed on June 21 from injuries sustained during his escape.
On June 24, 1942, the hamlet was encircled and stormed by a 500-strong troop made up of the SS , Feldgendarmerie and Schutzpolizei from Pardubice and Königgrätz , led by SS-Hauptsturmführer Gerhard Clages . A total of 47 Ležáky residents and workers from the Hluboká quarry were brought to Pardubice. Ležáky was set on fire. The ruins were completely removed at the end of 1943.
In Pardubice, all the adult residents of Ležáky, almost unaware of the presence of the paratroopers, were murdered on the same day. Potůček still managed on June 26, 1942 from Bohdašín , where he had brought the transmitter to safety, to broadcast the message about the destruction of the place to London . On July 2, he was shot near Trnová (now part of Pardubice). That day another 40 people who had been linked to the Silver A paratrooper group were executed.
The 13 children from Ležáky were handed over to the Race and Settlement Main Office (RuSHA) in Prague and transported from there to the central office for migrants in Litzmannstadt , where they were transferred to one of these subordinate resettlement camps on Gneisenaustrasse in Litzmannstadt . Only two children could be found again after the Second World War because they had been sent to the German Reich for Germanization . The remaining 11 children were together with 82 children from Lidice to the extermination camp Kulmhof deported and there gassed .
Ležáky was never rebuilt. A memorial commemorates the crime .
See also
- The Lidice massacre on 9/10 June 1942.
- Czechoslovak Resistance 1939-1945
literature
- Helmut G. Haasis: Death in Prague: The assassination attempt on Reinhard Heydrich. Rowohlt, Reinbek bei Hamburg 2002, ISBN 3-498-02965-7 .
- Miroslav Ivanov: The executioner of Prague: The assassination attempt on Heydrich. Edition q, Berlin 1993, ISBN 3-86124-149-8 .
- Jarmila Doležalová: Ležáky known and unknown , Miřetice 2007.
Web links
- Memorial website (cz, de, en)
- Destruction of Lezaky (Radio Praha) (de)
- Website of the National Cultural Monument - Reverence Area Ležáky (cz, de, en)
Individual evidence
- ^ Johann Gottfried Sommer : The Kingdom of Bohemia; Represented statistically and topographically. Volume 5: Chrudimer Kreis. Prague 1837, pp. 91, 271
- ↑ https://udalosti.signaly.cz/0906/nenavist-nacistu-plodila-krvavou
- ↑ http://www.halonoviny.cz/articles/view/47831638