Life Guard Regiment (Hessen-Kassel)

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Life Guard Regiment

active 1688 (parent troops)
1821 to October 2, 1866
Country Electorate of Hesse
Armed forces Hessian Army
Branch of service infantry
Location kassel

The Life Guard Regiment was a military association of the Electorate of Hesse . The regiment existed until the annexation of Kurhessen by Prussia in 1866. The officers and men who were taken over formed the trunk of the Hessian Fusilier Regiment No. 80 .

1st battalion

Formation history

Name change of the battalion
1683 Regiment on foot
1684 Leib regiment on foot
1699 Bodyguard on foot
1760 First guard - third guard (second guard was the unit specified below)
1765 First Guard Battalion - Third Guard Battalion
1784 First Guard Regiment - Third Guard Regiment
1788 Regiment Guard
1794 additional body grenadier battalion

From the three individual companies that existed after the Thirty Years' War , one company was named "Leibcompanie" as early as 1672 and five other newly recruited companies formed a regiment in 1683 under the name: Regiment zu Fuß vom Generalfeldmarschall-Lienants Graf zur Lippe. In 1684 it was called "Leib-Regiment zu Fuß" and in 1699 "Leib-Garde zu Fuß". In 1760, Landgrave Friedrich II set up an additional battalion of the guard, which was named "First Guard". The previous bodyguard on foot, however, was renamed "Third Guard". In 1765 the “First Guard” was renamed “First Guard Battalion” and the “Third Guard” was renamed “Third Guard Battalion”. Since 1784 the first battalion was called "First Guard Regiment" and the third battalion "Third Guard Regiment". In 1788 these guards came together as the "Regiment Guard". The first regiment formed the first and the third regiment the second battalion. In September 1794, the two grenadier companies of the two battalions and two other companies appointed as grenadiers became a "Leib-Grenadier-Bataillon", so that the regiment consisted of one grenadier and two other battalions. The formation stayed that way until November 1, 1806.

In 1809 a "Guard Battalion" was re-established in Bohemia , but disbanded in the same year after the Fifth Coalition War .

In 1813 a regiment of the guard was formed into two body grenadier companies and a battalion of the guard of four companies. The two Leib Grenadier Companies formed the Leib Grenadier Battalion with the two wing grenadier companies of the Guard Grenadier Regiment. In May 1816, those at the wing grenadier companies of the Guard Grenadier Regiment were incorporated into the "Regiment Garde", so that the latter consisted of two battalions. In November 1817, the “Regiment Garde” was named “Leib Grenadier Guard” and the previous Leib Grenadier Battalion became the second battalion.

Campaigns

During the Palatinate War of Succession in 1689 a part of the battalion, namely the "Leib-Regiment zu Fuß" at the time during the siege of Mainz , in 1692 in front of Ebernburg and in December 1692 during the relief and defense of the Rheinfels fortress , 1693 in the bombed Koblenz and in 1695 during the siege of Namur . In the War of the Spanish Succession , this part was involved in the campaigns on the Rhine, the Moselle, Italy, the Netherlands and Scotland as the “foot bodyguard” in 1702, and was involved in England from 1756 to 1763 during the Seven Years' War and later used by the Allied Army in Germany. In the American War of Independence from 1776 to 1783, the so-called wing grenadier companies of the then Third Battalion Guards took part. In 1792 the battalion fought as the "Regiment of the Guard" during the First Coalition War in Lorraine and Champagne and on December 2, 1792 during the reconquest of Frankfurt am Main , with the first battalion, which was the fourth in the column, under his commander, Colonel von Benning, penetrated the imperial city first before anyone else.

During the Fifth Coalition War, the "Bataillon Garde", newly established in Bohemia in 1809, was used in the campaigns in Saxony and near Bayreuth .

Bosses

Commanders

  • 1683 Colonel Johann Christian Motz († February 3, 1683) (since 1666 commandant of Kassel)
  • 1683 Lieutenant Colonel Alexander Hermann von Wartensleben , transferred as Colonel.
  • 1685 Colonel Count Fr. Wilhelm zu Leiningen. Died
  • 1687 Lieutenant Colonel von Schwerin. Transferred as a colonel
  • 1688 Lieutenant Colonel Wolf Christoph Schenk zu Schweinsberg, died as Lieutenant General
  • 1696 Colonel Albrecht von Tettnau, (transferred)
  • 1702 Colonel Reinhold Ernst von Sacken, (Kurländer) died as lieutenant general and governor of Ziegenhain.
  • 1709 Colonel Carl von Hattenbach († 1733), died as lieutenant general and governor of Ziegenhain.
  • 1730 Colonel Friedrich Wilhelm von Dernbach, died.
  • 1738 Colonel Moritz Wolff von Gudenberg. Retired as a lieutenant general
Division into 2 battalions (1760–1788)
First battalion third battalion
▪ 1760 Colonel and Adjutant General v. Loßberg Carl von Bose
died as a general of the infantry and governor of Kassel
▪ 1760 Colonel and Adjutant General von Schlieffen
▪ 1762 Christoph Wilhelm von Bardeleben
▪ 1777 Major General Friedrich Christian Arnold von Jungken-Münzer Major General Christoph Wilhelm von Bardeleben
died as Lieutenant General and Governor and Kassel
▪ 1784   Friedrich Wilhelm von Wurm
  • 1788 Major General von Jungken (later Lieutenant General), (commander of both battalions after they were united), transferred
  • 1789 Colonel Ferdinand Ludwig von Benning († 1800), died as lieutenant general and commandant of Kassel
  • 1800 Major General Carl Wilhelm von Rotsmann, (later Commander and Chief and Inspector General). Transferred to lieutenant general
  • 1803 Major General Johann Karl Heinrich von Webern (1749–1829), later General Inspector. (Joined foreign services)
  • 1806–1813 leave of absence
  • 1813 Colonel Wilhelm von Urff (1753–1834), first in command, later in command of Kassel, lieutenant general and head of the Leib Brigade. 1821 transferred to Kassel as governor.
  • 1814 Second in command: Colonel Ferdinand Ludwig von Hanstein. Died
  • 1817 Colonel Julius von Langenschwarz (had the regimental command alone, transferred in 1821)

2nd battalion

Formation history

Name change of the battalion
1702 Grenadier Regiment
1760 2nd Guard
1763 2nd Battalion of the Guard
1765 Hanau battalion
1768 Hanau Regiment
1784 Grenadier Regiment
1785 Hessen-Hanauisches Grenadier Regiment
1788 Guard Grenadier Regiment

In 1697, a unified grenadier battalion was formed from the united grenadier companies of the guards and other regiments. This was supplemented in 1702 with five companies from the guard and called "Grenadier Regiment". In 1760 it was named “2. Guard ”and in 1763 that of the“ 2. Battalion Guard ”. In the same year, the former Hanauische Landmiliz -Bataillon, under the name "Land-Bataillon", by Wilhelm IX. , the then Hereditary Prince and ruling Count of Hanau, which was then called "Hanauisches Bataillon" in 1765, "Hanauisches Regiment" in 1768 and "Grenadier Regiment" in 1784. The 2nd Battalion of the Guard was given the name “2. Regiment der Garde Grenadier ”, the Grenadier Regiment, however, in 1785 the name“ Hessen-Hanauisches Grenadier Regiment ”, which however changed in 1786 to the name“ Leib Grenadier Regiment ”. Since 1788 the “2. Regiment Garde-Grenadier "the name" Garde-Grenadier-Regiment ", which it also kept the same as in 1789, when the 1st Battalion was combined with the" Leib-Grenadier-Regiment ". In 1795, a "wing grenadier battalion" of the regiment was formed from the two existing grenadier companies and two other companies appointed as grenadiers and the regiment was now formed into three battalions. It lasted until November 1, 1806.

In 1813 a regiment of guards grenadiers, two wing grenadier companies and a guard grenadier battalion of 4 companies, was formed. The two wing grenadier companies formed the body grenadier battalion with the body grenadier company of the Guard Regiment. In May 1816, the two wing grenadier companies of the Guard Grenadier Regiment were incorporated into the Guard Regiment, while the former Biesenrodt Regiment, later the Wing Grenadier Battalion, was combined as such with the Guard Grenadier Regiment. Since then the latter has consisted of two battalions. From November 1817 the previous wing grenadier battalion of the Guard Grenadier Regiment formed its 2nd battalion.

Campaigns

From 1701 to the Peace of Utrecht (1713), a part of this battalion, namely the "Grenadier Battalion" or "Grenadier Regiment", fought in all campaigns of the War of the Spanish Succession in the Netherlands, on the Rhine, in Bavaria and in Italy. In the Austrian War of Succession from 1741 to the Peace of Aachen (1748) , this part was used as a grenadier regiment on the Weser, in the Netherlands, in Bavaria and in Scotland. During the Seven Years' War the same association was in England in 1756 under the above name, in 1759 during the expedition to Saxony and later until 1763 as “2. Guard ”in all campaigns of the Allied army in Germany. In the past, when the Ulrichstein Castle was taken, it was characterized by exemplary steadfastness and captured a battery of 17 cannons by a bayonet attack in the battle of Minden . Only the so-called "Wing Grenadier Company" of the then second battalion of the Guard took part in the American War of Independence, but also the entire "Hanau Regiment". During the First Coalition War in 1792, the battalion was as "Guard Grenadier Regiment" in the French Champagne , during the capture of Frankfurt am Main and in 1793 during the conquest of Mainz as well as in the campaign in Flanders in the same year who in the following year the regiment with the greatest courage took the Arouaizer forest, which was occupied by superior enemy forces, in the area of Oisy and Wassigny . The association continued to fight in the Battle of Tourcain and later in Westphalia.

Bosses

  • 1787 Prince Wilhelm, later ruling Landgrave Wilhelm VIII.
  • 1760 Landgrave Friedrich II.
  • 1766 Hereditary Prince (later Landgrave), lastly Elector Wilhelm I.

Commanders

  • 1697 Major of Geyso. Relocated.
  • 1698 Lieutenant Colonel de la Roche.
  • 1698 Colonel Albrecht von Tettau (favored by Speierbach)
  • 1703 Colonel Samuel de la Roche (* 1662; † 1722), retired as major general.
  • 1714 Colonel Count Gerhard Ernst von Lehndorf. Went into Prussian services.
  • Prince Wilhelm of Hesse
  • 1727 Colonel Christian Friedrich von Brand. Died as a lieutenant general
  • 1746 Colonel Wilhelm Hartmann von Hundelshausen. Relocated,
  • 1755 Colonel Carl Johann Haubold von Bose (1704–1777), died as general of the infantry and governor of Kassel.
  • 1766 Colonel LF von Gall I (also Hanau battalion). Went off.
  • 1776 Colonel WA von Gall II, (also Hanau Regiment). Went off. (Wilhelm von Gall (1734–1799)?)
  • 1777 Lieutenant General von Bardeleben, (Commander of the 2nd Battalion of the Guard), died.
  • 1782 Colonel Lenz, (also Hanau Regiment) transferred,
  • 1784 Major General Hans Bernhardt von Biesenrodt, of the 2nd Guards Grenadier Regiment.
  • 1785 Major General Daniel Ephraim von Gosen, (also Hessen-Hanauischen Grenadier-Regiment). Received pension.
  • 1789 Major General Hans Bernhard von Biesenrodt, (commander of the two battalions). Died as Lieutenant General and Governor of Kassel.
  • 1796 Major General Carl Erdmann von Hanstein (1727–1804), (later Lieutenant General and Commander and Chief, Governor of Kassel and Inspector General). Received pension
  • 1803 Lieutenant General LIA von Wurmb, Commander and Chief and Governor of Kassel. Died
  • 1806–1813 leave of absence
  • 1813 Colonel Friedrich Ludwig Gottfried von Gräffendorf, (later major general, retired)
  • 1816 At the same time Colonel Christian Friedrich von Todenwarth, since the union of the wing grenadier battalion (formerly Biesenrodt regiment) with the guard grenadier regiment.
  • 1817 Colonel Christian Friedrich von Todenwarth (sole commanding officer). Entered civil.
  • 1820 Major Heinrich Justin von Hesberg.

Merger in 1821 to form the Life Guard Regiment

On May 1, 1821, both regiments were merged into two battalions, each battalion into four companies under the name: "Life Guard Regiment". The Leib-Grenadier-Garde formed the first and the Garde-Grenadier-Regiment the second battalion. In 1849 the regiment was reinforced by a Landwehr battalion. In 1854 the command of this battalion was disbanded and its men were divided between the companies of the first and second battalions.

Campaigns

In 1849 the second battalion was part of the Kurhessian brigade deployed to war against Denmark and took part in the campaign in Jutland .

Bosses

Commanders

  • 1821 Major Heinrich Justin von Hesberg (later Lieutenant Colonel) (1785–1827)
  • 1827 Lieutenant Colonel Georg Wilhelm Ernst von Hesberg
  • 1829 Colonel Georg Wilhelm Ernst von Hesberg (1831 Major General. Transferred to the War Ministry in the same year)
  • 1831 Lieutenant Colonel Karl Ferdinand von Altenbockum
  • 1832 Colonel Karl Ferdinand von Altenbockum,
  • 1839 Major General Karl Ferdinand von Altenbockum, (transferred to the 1st Infantry Brigade as commander in 1840)
  • 1840 Lieutenant Colonel Johann Heinrich Bernhard Jakob von Specht (1791–1850) (later Colonel),
  • 1845 Major General Johann Heinrich Bernhard Jakob von Specht (transferred as a commander to the 1st Infantry Brigade)
  • 1845 Lieutenant Colonel Wilhelm von Urff
  • 1847 Colonel Wilhelm von Urff , transferred in 1850 as major general and commander of the 1st Infantry Brigade.
  • 1850 Lieutenant Colonel and Wing Adjutant Rudolf Wilhelm Carl Roland von Kaltenborn md F. b. , later as commander ad interim
  • 1851 Colonel von Kaltenborn confirmed and later transferred to the 1st Infantry Brigade as commander.
  • 1851 Major Bernhard von Loßberg (later Lieutenant Colonel) ad interim ,
  • 1852 Colonel Bernhard von Loßberg (1802–1869) (appointed Commander ad interim of the 2nd Infantry Brigade in 1854 )
  • 1854 Lieutenant Colonel Ludwig Friedrich Wilhelm Hermann von Baumbach (1808–1885) ad interim , (confirmed in the same year)
  • 1857 Colonel von Baumbach, (transferred in 1863 and charged with command of the 1st Infantry Brigade)
  • 1863 Colonel Carl Wilhelm Ludwig von Schenk zu Schweinsberg.

literature

  • List of tribe and rank of the Electoral Hessian Army Corps from the 16th century to 1866, p.115f
  • Dechend: History of the Fusilier Regiment von Gersdorff (Hess.) No. 80 Mittler, 1901 [1]

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Hessische Chronik: Reprint of the history calendar published in the "Hessischen Volksfreunde" in chronological order, p.89
  2. ↑ Johann Andreas Hofmann, Abhandelung of the former and current Krigesstaate , Volume 2, S.501
  3. ↑ Nordische Miscellaneen, Volumes 20-21, p.157
  4. ^ Hochfürstl.-Hessen-Casselischer Staats- und Adreß-Calendar: 1774, p.33
  5. ↑ Landgräflich-Hessen-Casselischer Staats- und Adreß-Calender: 1792, p.23
  6. ^ Kur-Hessischer Staats- und Adress-Kalender: 1814, p.25
  7. ^ New necrology of the Germans. Volume 30, p.850 , no.287 .
  8. ↑ Journal for Art, Science, and History of War, Volume 71, pp.95f
  9. ^ Wilhelm JA von Tettau, documented history of the Tettauschen family in the branches of Tettau and Kinsky , p.352
  10. ^ Journal of the Association for Hessian History and Regional Studies: ZHG, Volume 7, p.128
  11. ↑ Treatise of the former and present Krigesstaate, Volume 2, p.506
  12. ↑ Hochfuerstl. Hessen-Casselischer Staats- und Adreß-Calendar, 1786, p.44
  13. ^ Kur-Hessischer Staats- und Adress-Kalender: 1803, p.22
  14. ^ Kur-Hessischer Staats- und Adress-Kalender: 1814, p.25
  15. ^ Kurhessisches Staats- und Address-Handbuch: on the year 1827, p.42f
  16. ^ Kurhessisches Staats- und Address-Handbuch: on the year 1829, p.42
  17. ↑ Electoral Hessian Court and State Handbook, 1840, pp.74f
  18. ^ Electoral Hessian Court and State Handbook, 1843, p.72
  19. ↑ Electoral Hessian Court and State Handbook, 1845, p.73
  20. ^ Electoral Hessian Court and State Handbook. 1850, p. 37 f.
  21. ↑ Electoral Hessian Court and State Handbook, 1851, pp.69f
  22. ↑ Electoral Hessian Court and State Handbook, 1852, pp.71f
  23. ↑ Electoral Hessian Court and State Handbook, 1855, pp.71f
  24. ^ Electoral Hessian Court and State Handbook, 1865, p.83