Leonid Fyodorovich Vereschagin

Leonid Fyodorovich Vereschagin ( portrait on envelopes of the Post Office of the USSR by AN Yar-Kravchenko )

Leonid Fedorovich Vereshchagin ( Russian Леонид Фёдорович Верещагин * April 16 ^{. Jul} / 29. April  1909 ^greg. In Kherson ; † 20th February 1977 in Moscow ) was a Soviet physicist , chemist and university lecturer .

Life

The Wereschchagin family of officials moved to Odessa after the October Revolution . Wereschtschagin graduated from secondary school there (1924) and then the two-year chemistry vocational school. In 1926 he began studying at the physical - mathematical faculty of the Odessa Institute for National Education , which he did not formally complete. Nonetheless, he was able to begin his apprenticeship at the Ukrainian Physics and Technology Institute (UFTI) in Charkow , which he completed in 1932 with a thesis on the structure of mercury (I) bromide .

After graduation, Vereshchagin worked in the research office of the Kharkov turbine - generator factory. There he organized an X-ray laboratory and examined copper-containing non-magnetic cast iron and iron - nickel - aluminum - alloys . In 1934 he was recalled by the UFTI, so that he continued his magnetism studies there in the laboratory for low temperatures .

In 1939 Vereshchagin became head of the ultra-high pressure laboratory , which had been set up in the Moscow Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOCh) of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (AN-SSSR, since 1991 Russian Academy of Sciences (RAN)) on the initiative of Nikolai Dmitrijewitsch Selinski . In 1940 Wereschtschagin defended his candidate dissertation on the solubility of copper in aluminum under a pressure of 5000 at . During the German-Soviet War he worked on behalf of the AN-SSSR for the People's Commissariat for Armaments .

In 1949 Vereshchagin received his doctorate in technical sciences without defending a dissertation . In 1953 he was appointed professor at the newly established Chair of Physics and Chemistry Under High Pressures of the Faculty of Chemistry at Lomonosov University Moscow (MGU). In 1954 he was appointed head of the chair. In the same year, the ultra-high pressure laboratory in the IOCh was converted into the laboratory for ultra-high pressure physics of the AN-SSSR, which on Wereschtschagin's initiative in 1958 became the institute for high pressure physics of the AN-SSSR in Troitsk , which he directed. In 1960 he became a corresponding member of the AN-SSSR and in 1966 a real member.

Vereshchagin led the development of super-hard materials . The focus was on the production of synthetic diamonds and cubic boron nitride . In the early 1970s, he was one of the first in the world to introduce the concept of metallizing chemical substances using very high pressures, which was only confirmed experimentally after a decade.

1973 Vereschtschagin founded the Chair of High Pressure Physics at the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MFTI)

Vereshchagin was buried in Moscow's Novodevichy Cemetery. The RAN Institute for High Pressure Physics now bears Wereschtschagin's name.

Honors, prizes, memberships

• Order of the Red Star (1945)
• Medal "For the Defense of Moscow"
• Medal "For heroic work in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945"
• Order of the Red Banner of Labor (1951)
• Stalin Prize III. Class (1952) for the development of ultra-high pressure compressors
• Lenin Prize (1961) for the synthesis of diamonds
• Hero of Socialist Labor (1963)
• Order of Lenin (1963, 1969, 1975)
• Honorary member of the International Association for the Advancement of High Pressure Science and Technology (1970)
• Honorary member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (1973)
• Foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering (1973)
• Honorary Citizen of the City of Troitsk (1997)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c d e} MGU: Верещагин Леонид Фёдорович (accessed June 17, 2018).
2. ↑ JA Khramov: Wereschtschagin Leonid Fjodorowitsch . In: AI Achijeser : Physics: Biographical Lexicon . Nauka , Moscow 1983, p. 60 (Russian).
3. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i} Landeshelden: Верещагин Леонид Фёдорович (accessed on June 18, 2018).
4. ↑ Chemistry Faculty of the MGU: академик Верещагин Леонид Федорович (accessed on June 18, 2018).
5. ↑ Могила Л. Ф. Верещагина на Новодевичьем кладбище (accessed June 17, 2018).
6. ↑ ИНСТИТУТ ФИЗИКИ ВЫСОКИХ ДАВЛЕНИЙ им. Л.Ф.ВЕРЕЩАГИНА РОССИЙСКОЙ АКАДЕМИИ НАУК (ИФВД РАН) (accessed June 17, 2018).