Leptospermum

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Leptospermum
Leptospermum scoparium

Leptospermum scoparium

Systematics
Rosids
Eurosiden II
Order : Myrtle-like (Myrtales)
Family : Myrtle family (Myrtaceae)
Subfamily : Leptospermoideae
Genre : Leptospermum
Scientific name
Leptospermum
JR Forest. & G.Forst.

Leptospermum is a genus of plants inthe myrtle family (Myrtaceae). The approximately 87 species are mainly found in Australia . Varieties of a few species are used as ornamental plants .

Description and ecology

Illustration of Leptospermum scoparium
Radially symmetrical, five-fold flower of Leptospermum scoparium

Appearance and leaves

Leptospermum species are evergreen shrubs or small trees that reach heights of 1 to 8 or rarely 15 to 20 meters. The whole plants contain essential oils.

The opposite and spirally arranged leaves on the branch are simple, can be small to medium-sized and have a smooth leaf edge. Stipules are present.

Inflorescences and flowers

The flowers are single or few together in zymose inflorescences . The hermaphroditic or functionally male flowers are radial symmetry , five-fold with a double flower envelope . The five petals are white, pink or red. Usually there are very many (5 to 55) fertile stamens . Two to twelve pistils have become an under constant ovary fused with a stylus and a scar. The pollination is done by insects ( Entomophilie ) or birds ( ornithophily ).

Fruits and seeds

They form dry capsule fruits with a few or many, winged or winged, light seeds.

Photoperiodism

Leptospermum species are short-day plants , the critical day length of which depends on the temperature. Under long-day conditions there is a strong increase in length at over 20 ° C.

Systematics and distribution

The genus Leptospermum was established in 1776 by Johann Reinhold Forster and Georg Forster in Characteres Generum Plantarum , p. 71, plate 36. Type species is Leptospermum scoparium J.R. Forst. & G.Forst. The botanical genus name Leptospermum is derived from the Greek words leptos for tender or thin and sperma for seeds. Synonyms for Leptospermum J.R. Forst. & G.Forst. are: Agonomyrtus Schauer ex Rchb. , Fabricia Gaertn. , Glaphyria Jack , Leptospermopsis S.Moore , Macklottia Korth.

The genus Leptospermum is widespread mainly in Australia , with the greatest biodiversity in the south of the continent. The distribution area of ​​two species extends to Malaysia and the species Leptospermum scoparium is native to New Zealand .

There are around 80 to 87 species of Leptospermum :
Leptospermum arachnoides
Leptospermum continentale
Radially symmetrical , five-fold flower of Leptospermum deuense
Branch with leaves and radial symmetry flowers of Leptospermum grandifolium
Branch with capsules of Leptospermum lanigerum
Branch with leaves and flowers of Leptospermum liversidgei
Branch with leaves and radial symmetry flowers of Leptospermum macrocarpum
Flowers of Leptospermum myrsinoides
Branch with leaves and flowers of Leptospermum neglectum
Fruits of Leptospermum obovatum
Leptospermum polygalifolium
Branch with leaves and radial symmetry flowers of Leptospermum rupestre
Radially symmetrical, five-fold flowers of Leptospermum spectabile
Radially symmetric, five-fold flowers and young fruits of Leptospermum squarrosum
Radially symmetrical, five-fold flower of Leptospermum turbinatum
  • Leptospermum anfractum A.R.Bean : It wasfirst describedfrom Queensland in 2004.
  • Leptospermum arachnoides Gaertn. (Syn .: Leptospermum arachnoideum Sm. Nom. Illeg., Leptospermum baccatum Sm. , Leptospermum juniperifolium Cav. , Leptospermum triloculare Vent. ): It occurs in the Australian states of Queensland and New South Wales .
  • Leptospermum argenteum Joy Thomps. : It only occurs in New South Wales.
  • Leptospermum barneyense A.R.Bean : It was first described from Queensland of 2004.
  • Leptospermum benwellii A.R.Bean : It is only found in New South Wales.
  • Leptospermum blakelyi Joy Thomps. : It only occurs in New South Wales.
  • Leptospermum brachyandrum (F.Muell.) Druce : It occurs in the Australian states of Queensland and New South Wales.
  • Leptospermum brevipes F. Muell. : It occurs in the Australian states of Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria and the Australian Capital Territory .
  • Leptospermum confertum Joy Thomps. : It wasfirst describedin 1989 from Western Australia .
  • Leptospermum continentale Joy Thomps. : It occurs in the Australian states of South Australia , New South Wales, Victoria and the Australian Capital Territory.
  • Leptospermum coriaceum (F.Muell. Ex Miq.) Cheel (Syn .: Leptospermum laevigatum var. Minus F.Muell. Ex Benth. ): It occurs in the Australian states of South Australia, New South Wales and Victoria.
  • Leptospermum crassifolium Joy Thomps. : It was first described in 1989 from New South Wales.
  • Leptospermum deanei Joy Thomps. : It was first described in 1989 from New South Wales.
  • Leptospermum deuense Joy Thomps. : It was first described in 1989 from New South Wales.
  • Leptospermum divaricatum Schauer (Syn .: Leptospermum trivalve Cheel , Leptospermum trivalvum Cheel orth. Var.): It occurs only in New South Wales.
  • Leptospermum emarginatum H.L.Wendl. ex Link : It occurs in the Australian states of New South Wales and Victoria.
  • Leptospermum epacridoideum Cheel : It is only found in New South Wales.
  • Leptospermum erubescens Schauer : It is only found in Western Australia.
  • Leptospermum exsertum Joy Thomps. : It was first described in 1989 from Western Australia.
  • Leptospermum fastigiatum S.Moore : It occurs in the Australian states of South Australia and Western Australia.
  • Leptospermum glabrescens N.A. Wakef. : It only occurs in Victoria.
  • Leptospermum glaucescens Schauer : It occurs only in Tasmania .
  • Leptospermum grandiflorum Lodd., G.Lodd. & W.Lodd. (Syn .: Leptospermum flavescens var. Grandiflorum (Lodd., G.Lodd. & W.Lodd.) Benth. , Leptospermum polygalifolium var. Grandiflorum (Lodd., G.Lodd. & W.Lodd.) Domin , Leptospermum nobile F .Muell. Ex Miq. , Leptospermum rodwayanum Summerh. & HFComber ): It occurs only in Tasmania.
  • Leptospermum grandifolium Sm. (Syn .: Leptospermum grandifolium Sm. Var. Grandifolium , Leptospermum lanigerum var. Grandifolium . F (Sm.) Hook. , Leptospermum lanigerum var. Grandifolia Hook. F. Orth. Var., Leptospermum pubescens var. Grandifolium ( Sm.) Domin , Leptospermum subargenteum Gand. ): It occurs in the Australian states of South Australia (as a neophyte ), New South Wales, Victoria and the Australian Capital Territory.
  • Leptospermum gregarium Joy Thomps. : It occurs in the Australian states of New South Wales and Queensland.
  • Leptospermum incanum Turcz. : It occurs only in Western Australia.
  • Leptospermum inelegans Joy Thomps. : It occurs only in Western Australia.
  • Leptospermum javanicum flower (Syn .: Leptospermum alpestre flower , Leptospermum amboinense Reinw. Ex flower , Leptospermum annae stone ): It iswidespreadfrom Indochina to Malesia .
  • Leptospermum jingera Lyne & Crisp : It was first described in 1996 from northeast Victoria.
  • Leptospermum juniperinum Sm. (Syn .: Leptospermum scoparium var. Juniperinum (Sm.) Domin , Leptospermum scoparium var. Aciculare (S. Schauer) Domin , Leptospermum scoparium var. Juniperina Ewart orth. Var., Leptospermum aciculare var. Majus S. Schauer , Leptospermum aciculare var. Minus S. Schauer , Leptospermum aciculare S. Schauer nom. Illeg., Leptospermum aciculare S. Schauer var. Aciculare ): It occurs in the Australian states of New South Wales and Queensland.
  • Leptospermum laevigatum (Gaertn.) F. Muell. : It occurs naturally in New South Wales, Victoria and Tasmania and is overgrown in some areas; in Western Australia, South Australia and Queensland it is a neophyte.
  • Leptospermum lamellatum Joy Thomps. : It was first described in 1989 from Queensland.
  • Leptospermum lanigerum (Aiton) Sm. (Syn .: Leptospermum australe Salisb. , Leptospermum microphyllum F. Muell. Ex Miq. Nom. Illeg., Leptospermum pubescens Willd. Nom. Illeg., Leptospermum sericeum Hook. F. Nom. Inval., Leptospermum splendens Schauer ): The subtaxa described are all synonyms. It occurs in the Australian states of South Australia, New South Wales, Victoria, Australian Capital Territory and Tasmania.
  • Leptospermum liversidgei R.T.Baker & HGSm. (Syn .: Leptospermum polygalifolium var. Citriodorum (FMBailey) Domin , Leptospermum flavescens var. Citriodorum F.M.Bailey ): It occurs in the Australian states of New South Wales and Queensland.
  • Leptospermum luehmannii F.M.Bailey : It occurs in the Australian states of New South Wales and Queensland.
  • Leptospermum macgillivrayi Joy Thomps. : It was first described in 1989 from Western Australia.
  • Leptospermum macrocarpum (Maiden & Betche) Joy Thomps. : It only occurs in New South Wales.
  • Leptospermum madidum A.R.Bean (Syn .: Leptospermum longifolium (CTWhite & WDFrancis) STBlake nom. Illeg.): It occurs with two varieties in the Australian states of Western Australia, New South Wales and Queensland.
  • Leptospermum maxwellii S.Moore : It occurs only in Western Australia.
  • Leptospermum microcarpum Cheel : It occurs in the Australian states of New South Wales and Queensland.
  • Leptospermum micromyrtus Miq. : It occurs in the Australian states of New South Wales, Victoria and Australian Capital Territory.
  • Leptospermum minutifolium (Benth.) CTWhite (Syn .: Leptospermum polygalifolium . Var minutifolium . (F.Muell ex Benth) Domin. , Leptospermum flavescens var. Minutifolium F.Muell ex Benth.. ): It comes in the Australian states of New South Wales as well as Queensland.
  • Leptospermum morrisonii Joy Thomps. (Syn .: Leptospermum virgatum S. Schauer nom. Illeg.): It occurs only in New South Wales.
  • Leptospermum multicaule A. Cunn. : It occurs in the Australian states of New South Wales, Victoria and Australian Capital Territory.
  • Leptospermum myrsinoides Schltdl. : The subtaxa described are all synonyms. It occurs in the Australian states of South Australia, New South Wales and Victoria.
  • Leptospermum myrtifolium Sieber ex DC. (Syn .: Leptospermum cunninghamii S. Schauer , Leptospermum cunninghami S. Schauer orth. Var., Leptospermum pubescens var. Parviflorum Domin , Leptospermum thymifolium A. Cunn. Nom. Illeg.): It comes from the Australian states of New South Wales, Victoria and Australian Capital Territory.
  • Leptospermum namadgiensis Lyne : It is only found in New South Wales.
  • Leptospermum neglectum Joy Thomps. : It was first described in 1989 from Queensland.
  • Leptospermum nitens Turcz. : It occurs only in Western Australia.
  • Leptospermum nitidum Hook. f. (Syn .: Leptospermum pubescens var. Nitidum (Hook. F.) Domin , Leptospermum flavescens var. Nitidum (Hook. F.) Rodway ): It occurs only in Tasmania.
  • Leptospermum novae-angliae Joy Thomps. : It occurs in the Australian states of New South Wales and Queensland.
  • Leptospermum obovatum Sweet (Syn .: Leptospermum flavescens var. Obovatum . (Sweet) F.Muell ex Benth. , Leptospermum polygalifolium var. Obovatum (Sweet) Dominguez ): It comes in the Australian states of New South Wales, Victoria and the Australian Capital Territory ago .
  • Leptospermum oligandrum Turcz. (Syn .: Leptospermopsis myrtifolia S. Moore , Leptospermum podanthum (F. Muell.) Diels , Leptospermum erubescens var. Psilocalyx Benth. ): It occurs only in Western Australia.
  • Leptospermum oreophilum Joy Thomps. : It was first described in 1989 from Queensland.
  • Leptospermum pallidum A.R.Bean : It is only found in Queensland.
  • Leptospermum parviflorum Valeton : It occurs in New Guinea.
  • Leptospermum parvifolium Sm. (Syn .: Leptospermum eriocalyx Sieber ex Spreng.): It occurs in the Australian states of New South Wales and Queensland.
  • Lemon myrtle ( Leptospermum petersonii F.M.Bailey ): It occurs in the Australian states of New South Wales and Queensland and is also found in the wild in Victoria.
  • Leptospermum petraeum Joy Thomps. : It was first described in 1989 from New South Wales.
  • Leptospermum polyanthum Joy Thomps. : It was first described in 1989 from New South Wales.
  • Leptospermum polygalifolium Salisb. (Syn .: Leptospermum polygalaefolium Salisb. Orth. Var., Leptospermum aquaticum hort. Ex Otto & A.Dietr. Nom. Inval., Leptospermum buxifolium H.L.Wendl. , Leptospermum nervosum hort. Ex Otto & A.Dietr. Nom. Inval. , Leptospermum obtusum G. Don nom. Inval., Leptospermum retusum hort. Ex Otto & A.Dietr. Nom. Inval., Leptospermum roseum Hort. Ex Otto & A.Dietr. Nom. Inval., Leptospermum stellatum Cav. , Leptospermum thea (Schrad. & JCWendl.) Willd. ): It occurs with six subspecies in the Australian states of New South Wales and Queensland.
  • Leptospermum purpurascens Joy Thomps. : It was first described in 1989 from Queensland.
  • Leptospermum recurvum Hook. f. : It occurs only on Sulawesi and in Sabah only on Kinabalu .
  • Leptospermum riparium D.I. Morris : It occurs only in Tasmania.
  • Leptospermum roei Benth. : It occurs only in Western Australia.
  • Leptospermum rotundifolium (Maiden & Betche) FARodway (Syn .: Leptospermum scoparium var. Rotundifolium Maiden & Betche , Leptospermum rotundifolium (Maiden & Betche) Domin nom. Illeg.): It originally only occurs in New South Wales and is in Western Australia as well Victoria a neophyte.
  • Leptospermum rupestre Hook. f. (Syn .: Leptospermum grandifolium var. Compactum Miq. , Leptospermum humifusum A. Cunn. Ex S. Schauer nom. Inval., Leptospermum scoparium var. Microphyllum S. Schauer ): It occurs only in Tasmania.
  • Leptospermum rupicola Joy Thomps. : It was first described in 1989 from New South Wales.
  • Leptospermum scoparium ( Leptospermum scoparium J.R.Forst. & G.Forst. , Syn .: Leptospermum bullatum Fitzh. , Leptospermum floribundum Salisb. . Illeg nom., Leptospermum humifusum A.Cunn. Ex Schauer , Leptospermum linifolium (Sol.) Dum.Cours. , Leptospermum multiflorum Cav. , Leptospermum nichollsii Dorr.Sm. , Leptospermum obliquum Colla , Leptospermum oxycedrus Schauer , Leptospermum pungens Otto & A.Dietr. Nom. Illeg.): The earlier subtaxa are all synonyms. It is common in New Zealand, the Chatham Islands and southeastern Australia (New South Wales, Western Australia, Victoria).
  • Leptospermum sejunctum Joy Thomps. : It was first described in 1989 from New South Wales.
  • Leptospermum semibaccatum Cheel (Syn .: Leptospermum grandiflorum var. Minus S.Schauer ): It occurs in the Australian states of New South Wales and Queensland.
  • Leptospermum sericatum Lindl. : It only occurs in Queensland.
  • Leptospermum sericeum Labill. : It occurs only in Western Australia.
  • Leptospermum speciosum S. Schauer : It occurs in the Australian states of Western Australia and Queensland.
  • Leptospermum spectabile Joy Thomps. : It was first described in 1989 from New South Wales.
  • Leptospermum sphaerocarpum Cheel : It is only found in New South Wales.
  • Leptospermum spinescens Endl. : It occurs only in Western Australia.
  • Leptospermum squarrosum Gaertn. (Syn .: Leptospermum scoparium var. Squarrosum (Gaertn.) Dum.Cours. , Leptospermum scoparium var. Vulgare Domin nom. Illeg., Leptospermum persiciflorum Rchb. , Leptospermum baccatum var. Roseum S.Schauer , Leptospermum scoparium var. Grandiflorum Hook. ): It occurs only in New South Wales.
  • Leptospermum subglabratum Joy Thomps. : It was first described in 1989 from New South Wales.
  • Leptospermum subtenue Joy Thomps. : It was first described in 1989 from Western Australia.
  • Leptospermum thompsonii Joy Thomps. : It was first described in 1989 from New South Wales.
  • Leptospermum trinervium (Sm.) Joy Thomps. (Syn .: Leptospermum attenuatum Sm. , Leptospermum gnidiifolium DC. , Leptospermum gnidiaefolium DC. Orth. Var., Leptospermum pendulum Sieber ex DC. , Leptospermum pendulum Sieber ex Spreng. , Leptospermum stellatum var. Grandiflorum . ) Australian states of Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria and Australian Capital Territory.
  • Leptospermum turbinatum Joy Thomps. : It was first described in 1989 from Victoria.
  • Leptospermum variabile Joy Thomps. : It occurs in the Australian states of New South Wales and Queensland.
  • Leptospermum venustum A.R.Bean : It was first described from Queensland in 1992.
  • Leptospermum whitei Cheel : It occurs in the Australian states of New South Wales and Queensland.
  • Leptospermum wooroonooran F.M.Bailey : It was first described in 1989 from Queensland.

use

Some species and their varieties are ornamental plants .

The first Australian settlers made a tea substitute from some species.

Manuka oil is obtained from the South Sea myrtle or Manuka bush ( Leptospermum scoparium ) . This essential oil is used today for body care. It is extracted from the leaves and young twigs by gentle steam distillation. It is yellowish-clear, has an aromatic fragrance and has an anti-inflammatory effect. It makes the skin more resilient, promotes wound healing and scarring, helps with herpes and fungal diseases and is said to be more tolerable than the better-known Australian tea tree oil . The indigenous people of New Zealand, the Māori , used parts of plants to treat burns, infections, insect bites and wounds to their warriors.

More pictures

Leptospermum laevigatum

swell

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Leptospermum. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved January 29, 2015.
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch Entry at Australian Plant Name Index = APNI. last accessed on January 30, 2013
  3. ^ Leptospermum in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
  4. ↑ Entries on Leptospermum in Plants For A Future

Web links

Commons : Leptospermum  - collection of images, videos and audio files