Baranów Sandomierski Palace
| Baranów Sandomierski Palace | ||
|---|---|---|
 Aerial view |
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| Alternative name (s): | Zamek w Baranowie Sandomierskim | |
| Creation time : | 1591 | |
| Castle type : | Moated castle | |
| Conservation status: | Receive | |
| Place: | Baranów Sandomierski | |
| Geographical location | 50 ° 30 '7 " N , 21 ° 31' 5" E | |
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The Baranow Sandomierski Castle (Polish: Zamek w Baranowie Sandomierskim ), also Leszczyński Palace (Polish: Pałac Leszczyńskich ) called, is located in the town Baranów Sandomierski in the district of Tarnobrzeg in the Subcarpathian Voivodeship . It is located 28 kilometers southwest of the Vistula town of Sandomierz . The former magnate residence, which is known as the “Pearl of the Polish Renaissance ” and is popularly dubbed the “ Little Wawel ” because of its similarity to the Kraków Castle , now houses a museum as well as hotel, restaurant and conference rooms.
history
The present castle stands on the site of a medieval castle that belonged to the noble Baranowski family in the 15th century . At the beginning of the 16th century, the Górka family became the owners of the castle. Stanisław Górka sold the complex in 1569 to Rafał Leszczyński , a member of the wealthy Polish magnate family of the Leszczyńskis . The castle probably housed the Polish king Stephan Báthory on his way through. Soon after the purchase of the castle, construction of the castle began, presumably according to plans by the Italian architect Santi Gucci . In 1606 the construction work under Andrzej Leszczyński was completed. Around 1620 the castle was fortified with bastions . In 1625 the rooms were decorated with early baroque stucco decorations by Giovanni Battista Falconi .
The last owner from the Leszczyńskis family was Rafał Leszczyński , father of the Polish King Stanisław Leszczyński . Presumably in 1677 it passed into the hands of Dymitr Jerzy Wiśniowiecki , from 1682 Józef Karol Lubomirski was the owner of the house - until 1720. The palace was rebuilt under him. The Dutch-Polish architect Tylman Gamerski carried out the renovation. In the north-west wing on the second floor, he had a gallery built, which was decorated with significant late Baroque stucco and painting decorations. They were destroyed in later fires. Other owners of the castle were Paweł Sanguszek, Jacek Małachowski , Józef Potocki and Jan Krasnicki.
In 1849 the palace partially burned down. The Krasnicki family could not finance the reconstruction and the ruin was sold to Feliks Dolański from Grębów in 1867 . The next owner was Stanisław Dolański, who began the reconstruction after another fire in 1898. The floor plan was partially changed under the Krakow architect Tadeusz Stryjeński . The castle chapel was also relocated and redesigned in Krakow Art Nouveau . It was decorated with stained glass by Józef Mehoffer and paintings by Jacek Malczewski and Stanisław Wyspiański (such as the altar painting “Untouched Mother of God”).
The last owner until it was expropriated after World War II was Roman Dolański. After the castle suffered further damage during the war, it was repaired from 1950 under the direction of Alfred Majewski . The last restoration work was completed in 1965. In January 1968 the (meanwhile insolvent) sulfur- producing group of companies Kopalnie i Zakłady Przetwórcze Siarki “Siarkopol” from Tarnobrzeg took over the plant and set up a sulfur museum here. The state economic development company Agencja Rozwoju Przemysłu SA from Warsaw has owned the castle since 1997 .
Building
The palace as it is today is attributed to the late Renaissance style, partly to Polish Mannerism .
The castle with a rectangular floor plan consists of three-story (residential) building wings on three sides, on the front wall (entrance, south-west front) of a screen wall with a square central tower containing the entrance and the staircase in the inner courtyard. There are cylindrical towers at the four corners of the castle. The side wings have gable structures, with a decorated attic winning screen wall leads on to these gables. In the inner courtyard there are two-storey columned arcade corridors on the screen wall as well as on the two side wings , connected to the staircase, which is also equipped with column arcades.
The partially restored interior decorations of the castle were made by Giovanni Battista Falconi and Tylman van Gameren.
External arcades on the northwest side
Park overlooking the northeast side of the complex
Inner courtyard with two-storey, three-sided arcades and double staircase
The "Tylman Gallery" (" Galeria Tylmanowska ") on the first floor of the north-west side
Current usage
Today there is a museum, hotel and catering facilities in the listed castle and park complexes. Rooms in the castle can be rented for corporate and private events. In addition to the rooms, which are not always true to the original, which can be visited, there is a geological museum in the basement of the castle, which is the only one in Poland dedicated to the occurrence and underground mining of sulfur. Archaeological finds are exhibited in another room. Here you can see fragments of the fortifications from the 15th century and a 12-meter-long ship canopy from the 12th century.
The 3-star hotel ("Hotel Zamkowy") has around 40 rooms, which are located in the castle and (for the most part) in a modern two-story hotel building in the park, which was built in place of the former staff building. The “Magnacka” restaurant is located in the historic vaulted cellar with around 140 seats.
The palace was the location of filming for the Polish television series "Czarne Chmury" (" Black Clouds "). The films “ Barbara Radziwiłł ówna” and “Klejnot wolnego sumienia” (“ Treasure of the Independent Conscience ”) were shot here. The “Festiwal Kuchni Dworskiej” and the “Kiermasz Wielkanocny” take place in the facility every spring.
References and comments
- ↑ Rafał Leszczyński (1526–1592), voivode of the former Brześć Kujawski voivodship in the former Polish crown province of Wielkopolska from 1545 to 1550, castellan of Śrem in 1580, Starost of Radziejów and Sejmmarschall , one of the leaders of the political movement " Ruchnyzeku " of the Reformation in Poland
- ↑ according to Vetter (see LitVerz), acc. Baedeker (see LitVerz) from 1578, according to other sources from 1591 only from his son Andrzej
- ^ Santi Gucci (around 1530–1600) was a Polish-Italian architect and sculptor. Originally presumably from Florence, he moved to Poland in 1550 and became court architect of the Polish kings Sigismund II. August and Stephan Báthory
- ^ Andrzej Leszczyński (1553–1606), son of Rafał, Starost von Nakło and also voivode of the former Brześć Kujawski voivodship
- ↑ Giovanni Battista Falconi (Polish: Jan Chrzciciel Falconi. Around 1600–1660), lived and worked in Poland from 1630 to 1658, interior designer and plasterer of many early baroque churches and palaces in the former Lesser Poland and today's Lublin Voivodeship
- ↑ Rafał Leszczyński (1650–1703), grandson of Andrzej, Starost of various localities, Vojewode of various voivodships, General Starost of Poland in 1692 and Podskarbi ( Grand Treasurer , comparable to the position of Minister of Finance) in 1702.
- ↑ Dymitr Jerzy Wiśniowiecki (1631–1682) was a castellan and voivod in Kraków and a hetman from Poland-Lithuania
- ↑ Józef Karol Lubomirski (1638–1702) was a marshal of the crown in Poland
- ↑ Jacek Małachowski (1737-1821) was a chancellor ( Kanclerz ) of the Polish crown
- ^ Tadeusz Stryjeński (1849-1943) was a Polish Art Nouveau architect and building contractor
- ^ Alfred Majewski (1907–1998) was an architect and professor at the Politechnika Krakowska
literature
- Bartłomej Kaczorowski among others: Zabytki Architektury Polskiej. Part 1: A-Kop. WSiP SA, Warsaw 2008, ISBN 978-83-02-10660-6 , p. 8f.
- Reinhold Vetter: Between Wisła / Vistula, Bug and Karpaty / Carpathian Mountains. In: Poland. History, art and landscape of an ancient European cultural nation. DuMont art travel guide. 3. Edition. DuMont Buchverlag, Cologne 1991, ISBN 3-7701-2023-X , p. 516.
- Poland. Baedeker Allianz travel guide. Verlag Karl Baedeker, Ostfildern 1993, ISBN 3-87504-542-4 .
Web links
- Castle website (in English)
- Detailed information about the castle and the former fortifications, with photos, engravings and site sketches (in Polish)