Levbunks

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Levbunks
Three-horned Levkoje (Matthiola tricuspidata)

Three-horned Levkoje ( Matthiola tricuspidata )

Systematics
Rosids
Eurosiden II
Order : Cruciferous (Brassicales)
Family : Cruciferous vegetables (Brassicaceae)
Tribe : Anchonieae
Genre : Levbunks
Scientific name
Matthiola
R.Br.

Levkojen ( Matthiola ) are a genus of plants in the cruciferous family (Brassicaceae). The 50 or so species are common in the Mediterranean and Asia; some species occur in the Cape flora ( Capensis ), in eastern Africa and two species in Macaronesia . Two species are neophytes in many parts of the world . There are many varieties of a few species that are used as bedding and balcony plants or to obtain cut flowers .

description

Illustration from Bulletin de la Société des sciences naturelles de l'Ouest de la France , 1900 of the Strand-Levkoje ( Matthiola sinuata )
Four-fold flowers of the three-shaped levkoye ( Matthiola tricuspidata )
Fruits and seeds of the garden levkoje ( Matthiola incana )

Vegetative characteristics

Matthiola species are annual or biennial to perennial herbaceous plants or subshrubs that reach heights of 10 to 80 centimeters. The plant parts are hairy with different trichomes depending on the species . The upright, ascending to lying stems can be branched.

The undergraduate and alternate, spirally arranged on the stem leaves are at least very short stalks. The leaf blade is simple, cuspid to pinnate, the leaf margin smooth, serrated or serrate. In some species the leaves are hairy gray-tomentose. Stipules are missing.

Generative characteristics

The stalked flowers are in sometimes initially schirmtraubigen , after stretching the inflorescence axis always traubigen inflorescences together. Bracts are missing.

The fragrant, hermaphroditic flowers are fourfold and double perianth (perianth). The four free, elongated to lanceolate or linealischen sepals are located decussate opposite; the two inner ones are sack-like at their base. The four free, broadly obovate, spatulate, elongated or linear, long nailed petals are flat or rolled in a circle, have colors from white to pink to purple, yellow, greenish yellow to brown and are much longer than the sepals. It's a disc and there are four or two nectar glands. There are six free, fertile stamens . Two carpels are a top permanent ovary grown, the (one or) is divided three to fifty ovules by a "wrong septum" into two chambers. The style is hardly recognizable in some species, it ends in two-lobed stigmas that can have two or three horn-like appendages.

There are slender or squat fruit stalks. The often straight pods are 45 to 160 millimeters long and contain 40 to 100 seeds. The two fluffy hairy fruit flaps have a protruding middle nerve. The replum is rounded and the septum is fully formed. The flattened, elongated, egg-shaped to more or less spherical seeds have narrow wings or are wingless. The seed coat is slightly reticulate and does not become sticky or slimy when wet.

Chromosome set

The basic chromosome number is x = 7.

Systematics

The genus Matthiola belongs to the tribe Anchonieae in the family Brassicaceae .

Naming and taxonomy

The name Levkojen comes from the Greek word leukoion for "white violet". The generic name Matthiola was only validly published in 1812 by Robert Brown in the work of William Townsend Aiton Hortus Kewensis , Volume 4, Page 119. The generic name Matthiola honors the Italian doctor and botanist Pietro Andrea Mattioli (1501–1577, Latin Matthiolus ).

Already in 1753 Carl von Linné had what is now a Guettarda scabra (L.) Lam. mentioned type of Rötegewächse the name Matthiola scabra given. This description was however in favor of the later described name Matthiola R.Br. discarded.

Synonyms for Matthiola R.Br. are: mathiola W.T.Aiton , Mathiolaria Chevall. , Pirazzia Chiov.

Types (selection)

There are 50 to 60 species of Matthiola . Here is a selection:

Others

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Individual evidence

  1. a b c d e Ihsan Ali Al-Shehbaz : In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico. Volume 7: Magnoliophyta: Salicaceae to Brassicaceae. Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford, 2010, ISBN 978-0-19-531822-7 : Matthiola WT Aiton in W. Aiton and WT Aiton. , Pp. 253–254 - online with the same text as the printed work.
  2. ^ A b Matthiola in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
  3. a b c Peter Schönfelder , Ingrid Schönfelder: The new cosmos Mediterranean flora. Franckh-Kosmos-Verlag Stuttgart 2008, ISBN 978-3-440-10742-3 , pp. 152-154.

Web links

Commons : Levkojen ( Matthiola )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files