Liber de cultura hortorum

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The Liber de cultura hortorum ( Latin for book about horticulture , literally book about the care of the gardens ), better known as Hortulus , is an early botanical work in the form of an educational poem by the Reichenau monk and abbot Walahfrid Strabo , was written around the year 840 and contains a literary representation of a monastery garden .

Walahfrid, who was at the court of Emperor Ludwig the Pious in Aachen from 829 to 838, was Kapellan of Empress Judith and educator of Charlemagne, in the work dedicated to his teacher Grimaldus not only describes plants, but also goes from his own perspective to aspects of horticulture and the Work of the gardener . In verse form there are 24 medicinal plants and their possible uses in 23 stanzas . The order of the plants listed is based on the order of plants listed in the Capitulare de villis vel curtis imperii . The plant layout in the St. Gallen monastery plan from the early 9th century largely corresponds to the plant list given in the Hortulus . Ten of the 24 plants of the Hortulus can also be found in the herbularius , the medicinal garden of the St. Gallen Plan, and another four in its hortus , the plan of the kitchen garden. Of the remaining plants, five are also mentioned in the Capitulare de villis and five neither there nor in the St. Gallen monastery plan .

The Liber de cultura hortorum was published under the Latin title Hortulus (German: Gärtlein ) in 1510 in Vienna by Vadian as a print.

Plant list

The following plants are listed in the Hortulus (order of mention, followed by the name used in the Hortulus and the scientific species name ):

  1. Sage / salvia ( Salvia officinalis , also Salvia tomentosa ),
  2. Rue / ruta ( Ruta graveolens ),
  3. Eberraute / abrotanum ( Artemisia abrotanum ),
  4. Bottle gourd / curcurbita ( Cucurbita lagenaria , today Lagenaria siceraria )
  5. Melon / pepones ( Cucumis melo ),
  6. Wormwood / absinthium ( Artemisia absinthium ),
  7. Andorn / marrubium ( Marrubium vulgare ),
  8. Fennel / feniculum ( Foeniculum vulgare ),
  9. Iris / gladiola ( Iris germanica ),
  10. Lovage / lybisticum ( Levisticum officinale )
  11. Chervil / cerefolium ( Anthriscus cerefolium ),
  12. Lily / lilium ( Lilium candidum ),
  13. Opium poppy / papaver ( Papaver somniferum ),
  14. Clary sage / sclarega ( Salvia sclarea ),
  15. Lady mint / costus ( Chrysanthemum balsamita ) (mentioned under clary sage),
  16. Mint / menta ( Mentha spec.),
  17. Pennyroyal / puleium ( Mentha pulegium ),
  18. Celery / apium ( Apium graveolens ),
  19. Heil-Ziest / vettonica ( Betonica officinalis , formerly Stachys officinalis / betonica ),
  20. Odermennig / agrimonia ( Agrimonia eupatoria ),
  21. Tansy or yarrow / ambrosia ( Tanacetum vulgare or Achillea millefolium ),
  22. Catnip / nepeta ( Nepeta cataria ),
  23. Radish / rafanum, radices ( Raphanus sativus ); possibly also the horseradish ( Armoracia rusticana ),
  24. Rose / rosa ( Rosa spec. Such as Rosa gallica )

Manuscripts

  • State and City Library Augsburg , 2 ° Cod. 133, Bl. 46v-58v (1479).
  • Herrnstein near Siegburg, Gräflich Nesselrode'sche Bibliothek, Ms. 192, Bl. 83vb-86va (12th century; loss of war).
  • Leipzig University Library , Rep. I. 53, Bl. 1r-10r (2nd Dr. 10th century) [L].
  • Bayerische Staatsbibliothek in Munich, Clm 666, Bl. 1r-12v (1463, copy of the Leipzig Codex by Hartmann Schedel ) [M].
  • Rome (Vatican City), Bibliotheca Apostolica Vaticana , Cod. Pal. lat. 1519, p. 85va-88vb (10th century) [K].
  • Rome (Vatican City), Bibliotheca Apostolica Vaticana, Cod.Regin. lat. 469, Bl. 29v-39r (2nd Dr. 9th century) [C].
  • Private ownership, no details, 1 sheet of parchment, verses 23–99 on the verso (around 1000) [F].

Text output

  • De cultura hortorum ( About horticulture ), Latin / German edition, Reclam, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-15-018199-2 .
  • De cultura hortorum (Hortulus). The poem vom Gartenbau , Latin-German, introduced and edited by W. Berschin, with pictures of plants by C. Erbar. Mattes, Heidelberg 2007, ISBN 978-3-930978-95-3 .
  • Hortulus. From horticulture. Ed., Translated and introduced by Werner Näf and Matthäus Gabathuler. St. Gallen 1942; 2nd edition ibid 1957; also in: Hans-Dieter Stoffler (Ed.): The Hortulus des Walahfrid Strabo. From the herb garden of the Reichenau monastery. With a contribution by Theodor Fehrenbach, Sigmaringen 1978 (2nd ed. Darmstadt 1985, 3rd ed. Sigmaringen 1989, 4th ed. Ibid 1996), pp. 74-102.
  • In Italian: De hortorum cultura e latre opere , Traduzione e commento di Riccardo Sessa

literature

  • Christina Becela-Deller: Ruta graveolens L. A medicinal plant in terms of art and cultural history. (Mathematical and natural scientific dissertation Würzburg 1994) Königshausen & Neumann, Würzburg 1998 (= Würzburg medical-historical research. Volume 65). ISBN 3-8260-1667-X , pp. 108-110 ( The 'Hortulus' of Walahfrid Strabo ).
  • Julius Berendes . Hortulus Walafridi Strabi. The garden of Walafridus Strabus, a venerable monument of medicinal horticulture from the 9th century. In: Pharmazeutische Post, 1908, special edition.
  • Hans-Dieter Stoffler: The Hortulus of Walahfrid Strabo. From the herb garden of the Reichenau monastery. With a contribution by Theodor Fehrenbach, Sigmaringen 1978 (2nd edition Darmstadt 1985, 3rd edition. Sigmaringen 1989).
  • Karl Sudhoff : Codex medicus Hertensis (Ms. 192). Handwriting study. In: Archives for the History of Medicine. Volume 10, 1917, pp. 265-313.
  • Benedikt Konrad Vollmann : A new fragment of Walahfrid Strabo's poem De cultura hortorum , in: Aevum. Rassegna di scienze storiche, linguistiche e filologiche 79,2 (2005), pp. 283-292 (to [F]).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Johannes Gottfried Mayer , Konrad Goehl : Herbal Book of Monastery Medicine. Reprint-Verlag Leipzig 2013, p. 29, ISBN 978-3-8262-3057-8 .
  2. ↑ Christina Becela-Deller: Ruta graveolens L. A medicinal plant in terms of art and cultural history. (Mathematical and natural scientific dissertation Würzburg 1994) Königshausen & Neumann, Würzburg 1998 (= Würzburg medical-historical research. Volume 65). ISBN 3-8260-1667-X , pp. 102 and 108 f.
  3. ↑ Hans-Dieter Stoffler (Ed.): The Hortulus of Walahfrid Strabo. From the herb garden of the Reichenau monastery. 1978, pp. 9-13.
  4. ↑ Hermann Sierp: Walahfrid Strabo's poem about horticulture. In: The culture of the Reichenau Abbey. Munich 1925, Volume 2, pp. 756-772.
  5. ↑ Tobias Niedenthal: How the healing art came into the monasteries. In: Rudolf Walter (Ed.): Health from monasteries. Herder Verlag , Freiburg 2013, pp. 6-7, ISBN 978-3-451-00546-6 .
  6. ↑ Christina Becela-Deller: Ruta graveolens L. A medicinal plant in terms of art and cultural history. 1998, pp. 106 and 109 f.
  7. ↑ Christina Becela-Deller: Ruta graveolens L. A medicinal plant in terms of art and cultural history. 1998, p. 109.
  8. ↑ See also A Carolingian monastery garden. In: Markt Roßtal: Archaeological Circular Path, Station 3b .