Woman mint

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Woman mint
Lady mint (Tanacetum balsamita)

Lady mint ( Tanacetum balsamita )

Systematics
Order : Astern-like (Asterales)
Family : Daisy family (Asteraceae)
Subfamily : Asteroideae
Tribe : Anthemideae
Genre : Wild flowers ( Tanacetum )
Type : Woman mint
Scientific name
Tanacetum balsamita
L.

The lady mint ( Tanacetum balsamita ), also called balsam herb or Mary's leaf , is a medicinal plant from the sunflower family (Asteraceae).

description

The lady mint is a perennial , herbaceous plant with strong roots. Over its rhizome it forms runners that form large clumps . The branched and downy hairy stems reach a height of between 80 and 150 centimeters. The leathery, undivided, oblong to egg-shaped , sawn on the edge , bluish-green leaves are up to 20 centimeters long, have long stalks and finely hairy on the underside.

The umbellate panicles that appear late in summer contain many yellow-green tubular flowers that are 4 to 8 millimeters in diameter and have a strong ethereal smell. Ray florets are usually absent.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 18 or 54.

ingredients

The plant contains numerous essential oils, including camphor and thujone .

Lady mint ( Tanacetum balsamita )

distribution

This plant species originally comes from the Caucasus , but was naturalized in southern Europe as an archaeophyte and is now found wild in German-speaking countries.

Systematics

One can distinguish between two subspecies:

  • Tanacetum balsamita L. subsp. balsamita (Syn .: Balsamita major Desf. , Chrysanthemum balsamita auct., Chrysanthemum majus (Desf.) Asch. , Pyrethrum majus (Desf.) Tzvelev ): The homeland is Turkey, Iran, Azerbaijan, Armenia and Georgia. It is a neophyte in Europe, Cyprus, North America and Argentina.
  • Tanacetum balsamita subsp. balsamitoides (Sch.Bip.) Grierson (Syn .: Chrysanthemum balsamita L. , Pyrethrum balsamita (L.) Willd. , Tanacetum balsamitoides Sch.Bip. ): The home is Turkey, Iraq, Iran and Armenia.

Use as a garden and medicinal plant

The first mention of this species under the name of costum can be found in the land estate ordinance, Capitulare de villis vel curtis imperii, issued by Charlemagne in the last decade of the 8th century . The interpretation of the costum as woman mint goes back to Johann Friedrich August Kinderling's remarks on the Capitulare de villis from 1799 and was subsequently adopted and confirmed by Kurt Sprengel, Anton Kerner, Rudolf von Fischer-Benzon, Hermann Fischer and Heinrich Marzell . Among other things, the lady mint, referred to by late medieval botanists as costus (hortorum) , served as a substitute for the “ costum root , which was once highly valued in medicine”, the Indian costus root ( Saussurea costus ), which cannot be grown outdoors in Europe. The assumption that costum or costus is the female mint is supported by the name of the plant, which is still used in Italian today, as erba costa, erba costina; in Greece it is called costus . In the St. Gallen monastery plan , which was created in the early 9th century, a bed is provided for the costo plant , another mention is found in the didactic poem Liber de cultura hortorum (Hortulus) by Walahfrid Strabo , written in 827, within the description of the plant Sclarea ( Salvia Sclarea). According to Stoffler, the Hortulus "clearly shows that Costus was grown in the monastery garden", but it is unclear whether this is Tanacetum balsamita L. or Tanacetum balsamitoides Schultz. Gdp. is meant.

The first modern herbal book that mentions the woman mint is Das Kreütter Buch, Darinn Underscheidt, Namen vnnd Würckung der Kreutter, Stauden, Hecken vnnd Beumen ... by Hieronymus Bock , first published in 1539 , which not only provides a detailed description of the plant, but also describes its use as an internal and external remedy: in “boiled wine and drunk” it helps against various animal poisons, “also calms the abdominal flow and the anger in the body” , applied externally as “fomenta [compresses] and sweat baths as well herb “ the woman mint promotes menstruation and relieves pain; "Crush the herb and apply white plaster / split the hard bulbs / and other swelling".

In 1561 Conrad Gessner mentions the lady mint in his work Horti Germaniae under the name ovaria (egg herb), probably because - as Marzell assumes - "the leaves were used as a spice for egg dishes in the kitchen". From this time until the 19th century, the plant was regularly mentioned in drug lists, but was then forgotten. In the first third of the 20th century, the doctor M. Stirnadel described the beneficial effects of lady mint on gall bladder problems.

Common names

The other German trivial names exist or existed for the woman mint : Balsamite ( Middle Low German ), Balsamkraut, Balsammünze, Bifmynte (Middle Low German), Biminca ( Old High German ), Cost, Frauenbalsam, Große Frauensalbei, Frauenwurz, Frauwencrut ( Middle High German ), cz (Middle High German), , Our Frawen Mintz (Middle High German), Frawnwurz (Middle High German), Frowenminte (Middle Low German), Kostwurz (Middle High German), Lobengel (Middle High German), Marienblättchen, Sandt Marienmintz (Middle High German), Marienmünze, Marienwurzel, Samt Mergenmynscheln (middle high German), Samt Mergenmynscheln (althochdeutscheln), ), Romesche Minza, Coin Balm, Pagan Coin, Roman Coin, Wizu Munza (Old High German), Ransch Mynz, Pfaffenplatte, Pancake Herb, Pepper Leaf, Broadleaf Tansy, Roman Sage, Sisymber Coin, Siminza (Middle German) High German, High German, Sighinis , Weisblum (Old High German), Wisblum (Old High German) h) and sugar leaves.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  941 .
  2. ↑ Information on the dissemination of the research project “Predictions on the spread of neophytes”, University of Halle
  3. ^ A b c d Tanacetum in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved February 16, 2018.
  4. ↑ cf. the imprints of two "Inventories of Imperial Gardens from the year 812" and Chapter 70 of the "Capitulare de villis (vel curtis) imperialibus" in Rudolf von Fischer-Benzon: Old German garden flora. Studies on the useful plants of the German Middle Ages, their migration and their prehistory in classical antiquity , Kiel and Leipzig 1894 (Unchanged reprint of the edition Walluf near Wiesbaden 1972), pages 181-183
  5. ^ Carlrichard Brühl: Capitulare de villis , in: Lexikon des Mittelalters, Volume 2, Munich 2003, column 1482
  6. ↑ a b c d e f Heinrich Marzell: On the history of the women's newspaper (Crysanthemum balsamita L.) , in: Centaurus. International Magazine of the History of Science and Medicine Volume 1, Number 3, 1951, pages 235-241
  7. ^ In Paul Jakob Bruns : Additions to the German rights of the Middle Ages from the manuscripts and old prints of the academic library in Helmstädt , Helmstädt, printed by CG Fleckeisen, 1799
  8. ↑ Curtii Sprengel: Historia rei herbariae , Volume 1, Amsterdam 1807 here page 219
  9. ↑ Anton Kerner: The flora of the cottage gardens in Germany. A contribution to the history of horticulture , in: Negotiations of the Zoological-Botanical Association in Vienna, Volume 5, 1855, here page 792
  10. ↑ a b Chapter “Costum” in: Rudolf von Fischer-Benzon: Old German garden flora. Studies on the useful plants of the German Middle Ages, their migration and their prehistory in classical antiquity , Kiel and Leipzig 1984 (Unchanged reprint of the edition Walluf near Wiesbaden 1972), page 73
  11. ↑ Hermann Fischer: Medieval Plant Science , Munich 1929, here synonym key on page 286
  12. ↑ Hans-Dieter Stoffler: The Hortulus of Walahfrid Strabo. From the herb garden of the Reichenau monastery , Sigmaringen 1996, here chapter Costus , pages 89–90
  13. ^ Reprint of fol. 62r with a woodcut of the woman's mint (or the Frawenkraut ) from an edition of Bocks Kreuter book from 1551 with transcription of the entire descriptive text in: Heinrich Marzell: Zur Geschichte des Frauenblattes (Crysanthemum balsamita L.) , in: Centaurus. International Magazine of the History of Science and Medicine Volume 1, Number 3, 1951, pages 239-240
  14. ↑ in: Hippocrates. Journal for practical medicine Volume 5, 1934, page 420ff.
  15. ^ Georg August Pritzel , Carl Jessen : The German folk names of plants. New contribution to the German linguistic treasure. Philipp Cohen, Hannover 1882, page 95 ( online ).

Web links

Commons : Lady Mint ( Tanacetum balsamita )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files