List of the devastation in the former Duderstadt district
This list shows the devastation in the former district of Duderstadt . The district of Duderstadt, which has belonged to the district of Göttingen since 1973, extended over large areas of the Untereichsfeld, only its smaller southern part belongs to today's Thuringian district of Eichsfeld . The Eichsfeld was one of the most desolate areas in the Holy Roman Empire , with around 288 preserved places or settlements compared to over 530 desolations.
Historical background
The lower-lying areas of the Eichsfeld were initially settled from the south by Thuringian ethnic groups, especially after the migration period . After the Thuringian Kingdom was broken up , East Westphalian tribes belonging to the Saxons immigrated from the north . Whether the current language border between Low German and Central German also represented the settlement limit is not exactly proven.
In the later settlement phase of the Eichsfeld, larger forest areas were cleared and numerous small villages or settlements were founded. Many of these places were abandoned up to the 15th century, especially after armed conflicts in the late Middle Ages, but also because of inadequate living conditions. The residents then mostly moved to neighboring and larger villages, which offered more protection, the demarcation of these places was then usually added to these places. Although the Eichsfeld was badly affected in the Thirty Years War, hardly any places can be left during this time.
List of desolations
The list does not claim to be complete, as there are only a few documents or documents of many place names. With some desert names, it is not certain whether they are pure local desertions or corridors. Places that were abandoned and later repopulated under the same name, as well as abandoned castles, are not listed. The geographic location of many other desert locations is not known (?). The date of the first mention is therefore typically not a date of foundation, the foundation was earlier. The dating of the abandonment of the desert is even more imprecise, the point in time can usually only be estimated by the fact that the place name no longer appears in documents from a certain point in time. Typical is the variety of spellings that have changed over the decades and centuries. An exact assignment of historical place names in old documents to today's villages is therefore not always guaranteed.
| Surname | location | First mention | Beginning of lying in the desert | Remarks | image |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abterode | Hilkerode , Poehlde | 952 (Abbaterod) | 16th century | ||
| Barkefeld, Berkefeld | Rollshausen , Germershausen | 926 (villa Barkeveld) | Knight family von Barkefeld: Knight Werner 1324 | ||
| Bennickenhusen, Bönnikeshusen | Gieboldehausen , Wollbrandshausen | 1236 (Bonkeshusen) | 16th century? | ||
| Besenhausen | Bilshausen | 1256 (broom shells) | |||
| Clapparot, Clappenroode | Rhumspringe , Pöhlde | 1174 (Cleppincheroth) | |||
| Dudenborn | Nettles | 1221 | 16th century | Dudenborn noble family: Johann 1227 |
|
| Eidingerode, Eddigerot | Duderstadt | 1266 (Egingerode) | |||
| Elvershausen, Helvershausen | Lindau , Wulften | 1270 (Elverdeshusen) | 16th century | ||
| Ellingerode, Elbingerode | Lindau | 1290 | before 1500 | 1318 Eldingerode | |
| Golthagen | Nettles | ||||
| (Great) Thiershausen | Renshausen | 1410 (Thiedershausen) | later Vorwerk and mill, today courtyard | ||
| Halfway there | Bilshausen , Gieboldehausen | ||||
| Huebenthal | Breitenberg | 1373 (Huvendal) | |||
| Jakobshagen | ? Gieboldehausen , Rüdershausen | before 1600 | |||
| Klein Oberfeld | Obernfeld | (Oberfeld minor) | |||
| Klein Thiershausen | Gieboldehausen | 1259 (Tiedershusen) | 16th century | ||
| Kreterode, Krevetterode | Brochthausen , Hilkerode | 1429 (Crebesserode) | 16th century | ||
| Lambshusen, Lembershusen | Gieboldehausen | 1308 | 16th century | ||
| Lemmershausen | Gieboldehausen | Noble family von Lamershausen: Bernhard (Famulus) 1297, Heinrich 1346 (in Northeim Abbey) | |||
| Learn | Duderstadt | 1288 | before 1438 | ||
| Mars field | Gieboldehausen | 1256 | before 1600 | ||
| Meginwardeshusen | Lindau (Eichsfeld) | (1105 Meginwardeshusen?) | 1341 Meinwwardessen | ||
| Nagekenrode, Nackenrode | Nettles | 1189 (neck red) | |||
| Nienrode, Nigerode | Hilkerode | 1421 (Nigerode) | Noble family of Nigerode: Johann 1356, Hans 1390 | ||
| Oderhausen, Oershausen | Lake Constance , Bilshausen | 1105 (Odereshusen) | 16th century | ||
| Olenrode | ? Gieboldehausen | 1516 (Giseler to Obenrode) | |||
| Ollenhausene | Bilshausen | ||||
| Rollshagen | Breitenberg , Langenhagen | 1420 (Roleveshagen) | |||
| Rosenthal | Westerode | 1297 (Rosenthal mill) | 1384? | ||
| Stopenhagen, Stäpe | Nettles | 1300 | Noble family von Stoppenhagen: Brothers Johann, Lüdiger, Wedekind, Wasmund, Bruno (relatives of Wasmut von Böseckendorf) | ||
| Totenhausen , Dodenhusen | Gieboldehausen | 1381 | before 16th century | 1734 still a vicarage of Saint Bartholomew | |
| Wadderode | ? Jump around | 1230 | |||
| Wendeleveshusen | Rollshausen , Germershausen | 1369 | 15./16. Century | ||
| Wenderode | Bilshausen | 1537 (Worteroda) | before 1606 | ||
| Werkshusen | Gieboldehausen | 1369 | 15./16. Century | Noble family von Werkshausen: Luprecht and Dietrich 1224, Dietrich, Heinrich and Mile 1265 | |
| Wickelshausen | ? Nesselröden , Seulingen | 1343 (Wendolveshausen) | |||
| Wolbrechtshausen | Lindau , Gillersheim | 1105 (Waltbrechtshusen) | 16th century |
Sometimes desolate places
Here, places are listed that were at times desolate, later settled and rebuilt and still exist today: Herbigshagen , Groß Thiershausen (1520), Renshausen (1520).
literature
- Dietrich Denecke: Historical-geographical questions on medieval settlement development in the lower Eichsfeld. In: News from Lower Saxony's prehistory. Vol. 54, Hildesheim 1985, pp. 27-38
- Levin von Wintzingeroda-Knorr : The desert areas of the Eichsfeld: Directory of the desert areas, prehistoric ramparts, mines, courts of justice and waiting areas within the districts of Duderstadt, Heiligenstadt, Mühlhausen and Worbis. Göttingen (O. Hendel) 1903
- Jürgen Udolph: The place names of the district of Göttingen. in: Lower Saxony Place Name Book. Part IV, Publishing House for Regional History Bielefeld 2003, pages 99-100
- G. Reichel: Historical maps of the districts of Heiligenstadt (1908) and Worbis (1913), Ed. Historical Commission of the Province of Saxony, printed by Louis Koch Halberstadt
- Erhard Kühlhorn: The medieval desertification in southern Lower Saxony Volume 1 (1994), 2 (1995), 3 (1996), 4 (1996)
- Historical and regional excursion map of Lower Saxony. Sheet of Duderstadt (scale 1: 50000). Edited by Helmut Jäger, map and explanatory booklet, Hildesheim 1964
- Historical and regional excursion map of Lower Saxony. Sheet Osterode (scale 1: 50000). Edited by Erhard Kühlhorn, map and explanatory booklet, Hildesheim 1970
- Franz Boegehold: The place names of the old district of Duderstadt. In: The Golden Mark. 30 (1979), Mecke Duderstadt, pages 51-53.
- Carl Ludwig Hellrung: The Golden Mark Duderstadt - Poetry and Truth. Göttingen 1844 (2010, 304 pages)
- Helmut Godehardt: Besenhausen - a desert near Bilshausen. In: Eichsfelder Heimatzeitschrift. 50th year (2007), issue 2, Mecke Druck und Verlag, Duderstadt 2007, pp. 37-38
- Eckart Schröder: The medieval rural cultural landscape and its change as a result of the desertification processes in the lower field. In: The Eichsfeld. A German border area. Duderstadt 2002, pp. 62–65
Individual evidence
- ^ Günther Franz: The Thirty Years War and the German People: Investigation of Population and Agricultural History. Verlag Gustav Fischer Stuttgart-New York 1979, page 104