Systematics of the whales

This list represents the systematics of the whales (Cetacea). There are about 90 living species , which are divided into the subordinate groups toothed whales (Odontoceti like dolphins and porpoises ) and baleen whales (Mysticeti). There are also numerous extinct whale species; however, this list only contains the most recent , currently known species (the Baiji probably became extinct in 2006).

Humpback whale ( Megaptera novaeangliae )

Subordination baleen whales (Mysticeti)

The baleen whales (Mysticeti) form one of the two suborders of the whales (Cetacea). They are common in all seas. They are named after the beards , horn plates in the upper jaw instead of teeth that are used to filter krill .

Right whale family (Balaenidae)

Right whales (Balaenidae) have no throat furrows, a huge head and are up to 16 m long. The whiskers are long and elastic (up to nine times as long as they are wide), and their swimming speed is comparatively slow. The family consists of two genera with a total of four species.

Common name	Scientific name	Hazard level Red List of IUCN	population	distribution	size	image
Genus Balaena Linnaeus , 1758 - 1 species
Bowhead whale	Balaena mysticetus Linnaeus , 1758	( Least Concern - not at risk)	8000-9200		60 tons
Genus Eubalaena Gray , 1864 - 3 species
Common name	Scientific name	Hazard level Red List of IUCN	population	distribution	size	image
Northern Atlantic right whale	Eubalaena glacialis ( Müller , 1776)	( Endangered - endangered)	300		40-80 tons
Northern Pacific right whale	Eubalaena japonica ( Lacépède , 1818)	( Endangered - endangered)	200		60-80 tons
Southern right whale	Eubalaena australis ( Des Moulins , 1822)	( Least Concern - not at risk)	7000		40-80 tons

Furrow whale family (Balaenopteridae)

Furrow whales (Balaenopteridae) are named after their furrowed throat and chest; these furrows presumably serve to increase the elasticity of the skin and thus the larger opening of the mouth while eating. The furrow whales have a smaller head than the right whale in relation to the body, shorter whales and always a dorsal fin (which is missing in some representatives of the other families). The largest whales belong to this family; so the blue whale is the largest animal that has ever lived.

Common name	Scientific name	Hazard level Red List of IUCN	population	distribution	size	image
Subfamily Balaenopterinae Gray , 1864 - 1 genus, 7 species
Genus Balaenoptera Linnaeus , 1758 - 7 species
blue whale	Balaenoptera musculus ( Linnaeus , 1758)	( Endangered - endangered)	5000-12,000		100-120 tons
Bryde's whale	Balaenoptera edeni Anderson , 1879	( Data Deficient - insufficient data basis)	90,000-100,000		16-18.5 tons
Northern minke whale	Balaenoptera acutorostrata Lacépède , 1804	( Least Concern - not at risk)	Unknown		9 tons
Fin whale	Balaenoptera physalus ( Linnaeus , 1758)	( Endangered - endangered)	64,000		45-75 tons
Seiwal	Balaenoptera borealis Lesson , 1828	( Endangered - endangered)	57,000		20-25 tons
Southern minke whale	Balaenoptera bonaerensis Burmeister , 1867	( Data Deficient - insufficient data basis)	Unknown		9 tons
Omura whale	Balaenoptera omurai Wada , Oishi & Yamada , 2003	( Data Deficient - insufficient data basis)	Unknown
Subfamily Megapterinae Gray , 1864 - 1 genus, 1 species
Genus Megaptera Gray , 1846 - 1 Art
Common name	Scientific name	Hazard level Red List of IUCN	population	distribution	size	image
Humpback whale	Megaptera novaeangliae ( Borowski , 1781)	( Least Concern - not at risk)	80,000		25-30 tons

Gray whale family (Eschrichtiidae)

Gray whales (Eschrichtiidae) mediate between right and furrow whales; they consist of only one species. The gray whale is the only baleen whale that eats on the sea floor ( benthal ); it filters small organisms from the mud of shallow seas. The gestation period of over a year is also unusual for baleen whales.

Common name	Scientific name	Hazard level Red List of IUCN	population	distribution	size	image
Genus Eschrichtius Gray , 1864 - 1 Art
Gray whale	Eschrichtius robustus ( Lilljeborg , 1861)	( Least Concern - not at risk)	26,000		14-35 tons

Minke right whale family (Neobalaenidae)

Pygmy right whale (Neobalaenidae) are often integrated into the whales; they are the least known family and consist of only one species. They differ from the right whales in their dorsal fin, their jaw structure and their relatively smaller head.

Common name	Scientific name	Hazard level Red List of IUCN	population	distribution	size	image
Genus Caperea Gray , 1864 - 1 Art
Pygmy right whale	Caperea marginata ( Gray , 1846)	( Data Deficient - insufficient data basis)	Unknown		3–3.5 tons

Suborder toothed whales (Odontoceti)

The toothed whales (Odontoceti) form the second of the two suborders of the whales (Cetacea). Unlike baleen whales, they have no beards, but teeth with which they themselves as predatory animals of fish , squid and sometimes marine mammals feed. Except for the sperm whale, the toothed whales are significantly smaller than the baleen whales.

Family dolphins (Delphinidae)

Dolphins are the most diverse and, with 38 species in 17 genera, the largest family of whales. They are widespread in all seas and sometimes also occur in coastal areas and rivers. Dolphins, which live mainly in freshwater, are grouped together in the superfamily river dolphins (Platanistoidea) and do not belong to the family of dolphins (Delphinidae). Some of the larger species, such as the killer whale, are known as whales even though they belong to the dolphin family. Dolphins differ from porpoises in their characteristic dorsal fin.

Common name	Scientific name	Hazard level Red List of IUCN	population	distribution	size	image
Genus black and white dolphins ( Cephalorhynchus Gray , 1846 ) - 4 species
Commerson Dolphin	Cephalorhynchus commersonii ( Lacépède , 1804)	( Data Deficient - insufficient data basis)	3,400		35-60 kilograms
White-bellied dolphin	Cephalorhynchus eutropia Gray , 1846	( Near Threatened - potentially at risk)	Unknown		60 kilograms
Heaviside dolphin	Cephalorhynchus heavisidii ( Gray , 1828)	( Data Deficient - insufficient data basis)	Unknown		40-75 kilograms
Hector dolphin	Cephalorhynchus hectori ( P.-J. van Beneden , 1881)	( Endangered - endangered)	2000-2500		35-60 kilograms
Genus Steno Gray , 1846 - 1 Art
Common name	Scientific name	Hazard level Red List of IUCN	population	distribution	size	image
Rough-toothed dolphin	Steno bredanensis ( G. Cuvier in Lesson , 1828)	( Least Concern - not at risk)	150,000		100-135 kilograms
Genus Sousa Gray , 1866 - 3 species
Common name	Scientific name	Hazard level Red List of IUCN	population	distribution	size	image
Cameroon river dolphin	Sousa teuszi ( Kükenthal , 1892)	( Vulnerable - endangered)	Unknown		100-150 kilograms
Lead colored dolphin	Sousa plumbea ( G. Cuvier , 1829)	( Data Deficient - insufficient data basis)	Unknown		250-280 kilograms
Chinese white dolphin	Sousa chinensis ( Osbeck , 1765)	( Near Threatened - potentially at risk)	Unknown		250-280 kilograms
Genus Sotalia Gray , 1866 - 2 species
Common name	Scientific name	Hazard level Red List of IUCN	population	distribution	size	image
Amazon Sotalia	Sotalia fluviatilis ( Gervais & Deville , 1853)	( Data Deficient - insufficient data basis)	Unknown		35-45 kilograms
Guyana dolphin	Sotalia guianensis ( Van Beneden , 1864)	( Data Deficient - insufficient data basis)	Unknown		35-45 kilograms
Genus Tursiops Gervais , 1855 - 3 species
Common name	Scientific name	Hazard level Red List of IUCN	population	distribution	size	image
Bottlenose dolphin	Tursiops truncatus ( Montagu , 1821)	( Least Concern - not at risk)	Unknown		150-650 kilograms
Indo-Pacific Bottlenose Dolphin	Tursiops aduncus ( Ehrenberg , 1833)	( Data Deficient - insufficient data basis)	Unknown		150-650 kilograms
Burrunan Dolphin	Tursiops australis Charlton-Robb et al., 2011	( Not Evaluated - not assessed)	Unknown
Genus Fleckendelfine ( Stenella Gray , 1866 ) - 5 species
Common name	Scientific name	Hazard level Red List of IUCN	population	distribution	size	image
Rein dolphin	Stenella frontalis ( G. Cuvier , 1829)	( Data Deficient - insufficient data basis)	100,000		100 kilograms
Clymene Dolphin	Stenella clymene ( Gray , 1846)	( Data Deficient - insufficient data basis)	Unknown		75-80 kilograms
Slender dolphin	Stenella attenuata ( Gray , 1846)	( Least Concern - not at risk)	3,000,000		100 kilograms
East Pacific Dolphin	Stenella longirostris ( Gray , 1828)	( Data Deficient - insufficient data basis)	Unknown		90 kilograms
Blue and white dolphin	Stenella coeruleoalba ( Meyen , 1833)	( Least Concern - not at risk)	2,000,000		100 kilograms
Genus Delphinus Linnaeus , 1758 - 2 species
Common name	Scientific name	Hazard level Red List of IUCN	population	distribution	size	image
Common dolphin	Delphinus delphis Linnaeus , 1758	( Least Concern - not at risk)			70-110 kilograms
Long-nosed common dolphin	Delphinus capensis Gray , 1828	( Data Deficient - insufficient data basis)	Unknown		80-150 kilograms
Genus Lagenodelphis Fraser , 1956 - 1 Art
Common name	Scientific name	Hazard level Red List of IUCN	population	distribution	size	image
Bornean Dolphin	Lagenodelphis hosei Fraser , 1956	( Least Concern - not at risk)	Unknown		209 kilograms
Genus Kurzschnauzendelfine ( Lagenorhynchus Gray , 1846 ) - 6 species
Common name	Scientific name	Hazard level Red List of IUCN	population	distribution	size	image
White-sided dolphin	Lagenorhynchus acutus ( Gray , 1828)	( Least Concern - not at risk)	200,000-300,000		235 kilograms
Black dolphin	Lagenorhynchus obscurus ( Gray , 1828)	( Data Deficient - insufficient data basis)	Unknown		100 kilograms
Hourglass dolphin	Lagenorhynchus cruciger ( Quoy & Gaimard , 1824)	( Least Concern - not at risk)	140,000		90-120 kilograms
White-striped dolphin	Lagenorhynchus obliquidens Gill , 1865	( Least Concern - not at risk)	1,000,000		85-150 kilograms
Peale dolphin	Lagenorhynchus australis ( Peale , 1848)	( Data Deficient - insufficient data basis)	Unknown		115 kilograms
White-beaked dolphin	Lagenorhynchus albirostris ( Gray , 1846)	( Least Concern - not at risk)	100,000		180 kilograms
Genus smooth dolphins ( Lissodelphis Gloger , 1841 ) - 2 species
Common name	Scientific name	Hazard level Red List of IUCN	population	distribution	size	image
Northern smooth dolphin	Lissodelphis borealis ( Peale , 1848)	( Least Concern - not at risk)	400,000		115 kilograms
Southern Smooth Dolphin	Lissodelphis peronii ( Lacépède , 1804)	( Data Deficient - insufficient data basis)	Unknown		60-100 kilograms
Genus Grampus Gray , 1828 - 1 species
Common name	Scientific name	Hazard level Red List of IUCN	population	distribution	size	image
Round head dolphin	Grampus griseus ( G. Cuvier , 1812)	( Least Concern - not at risk)	Unknown		300 kilograms
Genus Peponocephala Nishiwaki & Norris , 1966 - 1 species
Common name	Scientific name	Hazard level Red List of IUCN	population	distribution	size	image
Broad-billed dolphin	Peponocephala electra ( Gray , 1846)	( Least Concern - not at risk)	Unknown		225 kilograms
Genus Feresa Gray , 1870 - 1 Art
Common name	Scientific name	Hazard level Red List of IUCN	population	distribution	size	image
Little pilot whale	Feresa attenuata Gray , 1875	( Data Deficient - insufficient data basis)	Unknown		160-350 kilograms
Genus Pseudorca Reinhardt , 1862 - 1 Art
Common name	Scientific name	Hazard level Red List of IUCN	population	distribution	size	image
Little killer whale	Pseudorca crassidens ( Owen , 1846)	( Data Deficient - insufficient data basis)	Unknown		1.5-2 tons
Genus Orcinus Fitzinger , 1860 - 1 species
Common name	Scientific name	Hazard level Red List of IUCN	population	distribution	size	image
Killer whale	Orcinus orca ( Linnaeus , 1758)	( Data Deficient - insufficient data basis)	100,000		4.5 tons
Genus pilot whales ( Globicephala Lesson , 1828 ) - 2 species
Common name	Scientific name	Hazard level Red List of IUCN	population	distribution	size	image
Common pilot whale	Globicephala melas ( Traill , 1809)	( Data Deficient - insufficient data basis)	Unknown		3–3.5 tons
Short-finned pilot whale	Globicephala macrorhynchus Gray , 1846	( Data Deficient - insufficient data basis)	Unknown		1-3 tons
Genus Orcaella Gray , 1866 - 2 species
Common name	Scientific name	Hazard level Red List of IUCN	population	distribution	size	image
Australian nudge dolphin	Orcaella heinsohni Beasley , Robertson & Arnold , 2005	( Near Threatened - potentially at risk)	Unknown		130-145 kilograms
Irrawaddy dolphin	Orcaella brevirostris ( Owen in Gray , 1866)	( Vulnerable - endangered)	Unknown		130 kilograms

Gudgeon whale family (Monodontidae)

The gudgeon whale family comprises two genera with two species together: the narwhal , in which the male has a long tusk, and the white whale (beluga). Pilot whales grow to about 6 m long and are found in northern (mainly arctic) seas. The head is bluntly rounded with a bulging forehead, the pectoral fins are relatively small and rounded, a dorsal fin is missing. The gudgeon whales mainly feed on the bottom, hence the name.

Common name	Scientific name	Hazard level Red List of IUCN	population	distribution	size	image
Genus Monodon Linnaeus , 1758 - 1 species
narwhal	Monodon monoceros Linnaeus , 1758	( Data Deficient - insufficient data basis)	25,000		900-1,500 kilograms
Genus Delphinapterus Lacépède , 1804 - 1 Art
Common name	Scientific name	Hazard level Red List of IUCN	population	distribution	size	image
White whale (Beluga)	Delphinapterus leucas ( Pallas , 1776)	( Near Threatened - potentially at risk)	100,000		1.5 tons

Porpoise family (Phocoenidae)

The porpoises (Phocoenidae) are a family of small toothed whales with seven species in three genera. They are related to the dolphins, but differ in a number of anatomical features. The shape of the head and teeth is particularly characteristic. The most famous in Europe is the common porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) with occurrences in the North and Baltic Seas.

Common name	Scientific name	Hazard level Red List of IUCN	population	distribution	size	image
Genus Neophocaena Palmer , 1899 - 2 species
Eastern porpoise whale	Neophocaena asiaeorientalis ( Pilleri & Gihr , 1972)	( Vulnerable - endangered)
Porpoise	Neophocaena phocaenoides ( G. Cuvier , 1829)	( Vulnerable - endangered)	Unknown		30-45 kilograms
Genus Phocoena G. Cuvier , 1816 - 4 species
Common name	Scientific name	Hazard level Red List of IUCN	population	distribution	size	image
Common porpoise	Phocoena phocoena ( Linnaeus , 1758)	( Least Concern - not at risk)	Unknown		75 kilograms
California porpoise	Phocoena sinus Norris & McFarland , 1958	( Critically Endangered )	500		50 kilograms
Spectacled porpoise	Phocoena dioptrica , syn . Australophocoena dioptrica ( Lahille , 1912)	( Data Deficient - insufficient data basis)	Unknown		60-84 kilograms
Burmeister porpoise	Phocoena spinipinnis Burmeister , 1865	( Data Deficient - insufficient data basis)	Unknown		50-75 kilograms
Genus Phocoenoides Andrews , 1911 - 1 species
Common name	Scientific name	Hazard level Red List of IUCN	population	distribution	size	image
White-flanked porpoise	Phocoenoides dalli ( True , 1885)	( Least Concern - not at risk)	1,100,000		130-200 kilograms

Sperm whale family (Physeteridae)

The large, square head, which makes up about 1/3 of the total length, is typical of sperm whales . The blowhole is slightly shifted to the left, the skin is wrinkled and the upper dentition does not contain any teeth.

Common name	Scientific name	Hazard level Red List of IUCN	population	distribution	size	image
Genus Physeter Linnaeus , 1758 - 1 Art
sperm whale	Physeter catodon , syn . Physeter macrocephalus Linnaeus , 1758	( Vulnerable - endangered)	200,000-2,000,000		25-50 tons
Genus Kogia Gray , 1846 - 2 species
Common name	Scientific name	Hazard level Red List of IUCN	population	distribution	size	image
Little sperm whale	Kogia simus , syn . Kogia sima ( Owen , 1866)	( Least Concern - not at risk)	Unknown		250 kilograms
Pygmy sperm whale	Kogia breviceps ( Blainville , 1838)	( Least Concern - not at risk)	Unknown		400 kilograms

Family of beaked whales (Ziphiidae)

The beaked whales (Ziphiidae) are a family of toothed whales. Although they comprise six genera with a total of 22 species and are therefore the most species-rich whale family after the dolphins, very little is known about them. This has to do with the fact that they are extremely rarely found near the coast. Many of the species were only recently described. Due to their special jaw and head geometry, they can suck prey fish into their mouths with negative pressure (suction feeding) instead of catching them with their teeth in the conventional way.

Common name	Scientific name	Hazard level Red List of IUCN	population	distribution	size	image
Genus Ziphius G. Cuvier , 1823 - 1 Art
Cuvier's beaked whale	Ziphius cavirostris G. Cuvier , 1823	( Least Concern - not at risk)	Unknown		2-3 tons
Genus black whale ( Berardius Duvernoy , 1851 ) - 2 species
Common name	Scientific name	Hazard level Red List of IUCN	population	distribution	size	image
Southern black whale	Berardius arnuxii Duvernoy , 1851	( Data Deficient - insufficient data basis)	Unknown		8 tons
Baird whale	Berardius bairdii Stejneger , 1883	( Data Deficient - insufficient data basis)	Unknown		12 tons
Genus Tasmacetus Oliver , 1937 - 1 species
Common name	Scientific name	Hazard level Red List of IUCN	population	distribution	size	image
Shepherd whale	Tasmacetus shepherdi Oliver , 1937	( Data Deficient - insufficient data basis)	Unknown		2–2.5 tons
Genus Indopacetus Moore , 1968 - 1 Art
Common name	Scientific name	Hazard level Red List of IUCN	population	distribution	size	image
Longman beaked whale	Indopacetus pacificus ( Longman , 1926)	( Data Deficient - insufficient data basis)	Unknown		3.5-4 tons
Genus duck whale ( Hyperoodon Lacépède , 1804 ) - 2 species
Common name	Scientific name	Hazard level Red List of IUCN	population	distribution	size	image
Northern duck whale	Hyperoodon ampullatus ( Forster , 1770)	( Data Deficient - insufficient data basis)	10,000		7 tons
Southern duck whale	Hyperoodon planifrons Flower , 1882	( Least Concern - not at risk)	500,000		6 tons
Genus two-toothed whale ( Mesoplodon Gervais , 1850 ) - 15 species
Common name	Scientific name	Hazard level Red List of IUCN	population	distribution	size	image
Andrew's beaked whale	Mesoplodon bowdoini Andrews , 1908	( Data Deficient - insufficient data basis)	Unknown		1 ton
Bahamonde beaked whale	Mesoplodon traversii , Syn . Mesoplodon bahamondi ( Gray , 1874)	( Data Deficient - insufficient data basis)	Unknown		1.2 tons
Blainville beaked whale	Mesoplodon densirostris ( Blainville , 1817)	( Data Deficient - insufficient data basis)	Unknown
Gervais two-toothed whale	Mesoplodon europaeus ( Gervais , 1855)	( Data Deficient - insufficient data basis)	Unknown		1.2 tons
Japanese beaked whale	Mesoplodon ginkgodens Nishiwaki & Kamiya , 1958	( Data Deficient - insufficient data basis)	Unknown		1.5 tons
Deraniyagala two-toothed whale	Mesoplodon hotaula Deraniyagala , 1963		Unknown
Camperdown whale	Mesoplodon grayi from Haast , 1876	( Data Deficient - insufficient data basis)	Unknown		1.5 tons
Hector's beaked whale	Mesoplodon hectori ( Gray , 1871)	( Data Deficient - insufficient data basis)	Unknown		1 ton
Hubbs-beaked whale	Mesoplodon carlhubbsi Moore , 1963	( Data Deficient - insufficient data basis)	Unknown		1.4 tons
Perrin beaked whale	Mesoplodon perrini Dalebout , Mead , Baker , Baker & van Helden , 2002	( Data Deficient - insufficient data basis)	Unknown		1.3-1.5 tons
Peruvian beaked whale	Mesoplodon peruvianus Reyes , Mead & van Waerebeek , 1991	( Data Deficient - insufficient data basis)	Unknown		800 kilograms
Sowerby's two-toothed whale	Mesoplodon bidens ( Sowerby , 1804)	( Data Deficient - insufficient data basis)	Unknown		1-1.3 tons
Stejneger beaked whale	Mesoplodon stejnegeri True , 1885	( Data Deficient - insufficient data basis)	Unknown		1.5 tons
Layard whale	Mesoplodon layardii ( Gray , 1865)	( Data Deficient - insufficient data basis)	Unknown		2 tons
True whale	Mesoplodon mirus True , 1913	( Data Deficient - insufficient data basis)	Unknown		1.4 tons

Amazon river dolphins family (Iniidae)

The Amazon river dolphin family consists of three species that are found in freshwater in the Amazon . All river dolphins feed on fish that they catch with their many small teeth in their elongated jaws. Their broad pectoral fins make them agile swimmers and their head is agile.

In the system used here, the family Iniidae contains three species in one genus.

Common name	Scientific name	Hazard level Red List of IUCN	population	size
Genus Inia d'Orbigny , 1834 - 3 species (in addition to Inia geoffrensis , Inia araguaiaensis and Inia boliviensis )
Amazon dolphin	Inia geoffrensis ( Blainville , 1817)	( Data Deficient - insufficient data basis)	Unknown	150 kilograms
Araguaia dolphin	Inia araguaiaensis Hrbek , Farias , Dutra & Da Silva in Hrbek , Da Silva , Dutra , Gravena , Martin & Farias , 2014	( Not Evaluated - not assessed)	Unknown
Bolivian Amazon Dolphin	Inia boliviensis d'Orbigny , 1834	( Data Deficient - insufficient data basis)	Unknown

Family of Chinese river dolphins (Lipotidae)

This family consists only of the Chinese river dolphin and is therefore monotypical.

Common name	Scientific name	Hazard level Red List of IUCN	population	distribution	size	image
Genus Lipotes Miller , 1918 - 1 Art
Chinese river dolphin	Lipotes vexillifer Miller , 1918	( Critically Endangered - threatened with extinction), possibly ( Extinct - extinct)	13		130 kilograms

Family Pontoporiidae

This family consists only of the La Plata dolphin and is therefore monotypical.

Common name	Scientific name	Hazard level Red List of IUCN	population	distribution	size	image
Genus Pontoporia Gray , 1846 - 1 Art
La Plata Dolphin	Pontoporia blainvillei ( Gervais & d'Orbigny , 1844)	( Vulnerable - endangered)	4000-4500		50 kilograms

Ganges dolphins family (Platanistidae)

Originally, the Ganges dolphin family was only assigned one species (the Ganges dolphin). Based on the skeletal structure and different fat compositions, the Indus dolphin was described as a separate species in the early 1970s. In 1998 the results of this study were questioned and the classification reverted to the old status (one species). According to this view, there are two subspecies in the genus Platanista : Platanista gangetica gangetica (the Ganges dolphin) and Platanista gangetica minor (the Indus dolphin ).

Common name	Scientific name	Hazard level Red List of IUCN	population	size
Genus Platanista Wagler , 1830 - 2 species
Ganges dolphin	Platanista gangetica ( Roxburgh , 1801)	( Endangered - endangered)	20th	200 kilograms
Indus dolphin	Platanista minor Owen , 1853	( Endangered - endangered)	1100	200 kilograms

literature

DW Rice: Marine mammals of the world: Systematics and distribution . Society for Marine Mammalogy, 1998, ISBN 978-1-891276-03-3 .
Mead, James G .; Brownell, Robert L., Jr. (Nov. 16, 2005). "Order Cetacea (pp. 723-743)". In Wilson, Don E., and Reeder, DeeAnn M., eds. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2 vols. (2142 pp.). ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0 . OCLC 62265494.

Web links

Red List of Threatened Species . IUCN . Archived from the original on November 2, 2006. Retrieved November 9, 2006.
Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds.): Cetacea in Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed).

References and comments

↑ Richard Sale: A Complete Guide to Arctic Wildlife , Verlag Christopher Helm, London 2006, ISBN 0-7136-7039-8 , p. 443
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Dr. Anthony R. Martin: Whales and Dolphins . Salamander Books, London 1991, ISBN 0-8160-3922-4 .
↑ The population is unknown, but ranges in the hundreds to thousands.
↑ The total population is unknown, but the species is local but common (e.g. it is the most common dolphin species around the Falkland Islands).
↑ Estimates put a value in the high tens of thousands or low hundreds of thousands.
↑ Changing estimates of the population around California and the North Pacific give values up to 400,000.
↑ Research suggests that this is the most common dolphin in Chilean waters.
↑ The population around the US continental shelf exceeds 60,000. In the Pacific, it is believed to be 175,000 in eastern tropical waters and 85,000 in western. There is no estimate of the global population.
↑ Estimate for the Eastern Tropical Pacific is 45,000; a recent study estimates the population in the eastern Sulu Sea at 1200. There is no estimate of the global population.
↑ The only estimate of the population is 38,900 for the eastern tropical Pacific.
↑ The total population is unknown. The largest concentration of 40,000 individuals is believed to be in the Eastern Pacific.
↑ Estimates are 70–80,000 in Antarctica, 8,000 in the tropical Pacific (although tropical waters are not the preferred environment, due to the immense size of this area of 19 million square kilometers, thousands of killer whales are assumed), up to 2000 before Japan, 1500 in the cold northeastern Pacific and 1500 off Norway.
↑ Total population unknown. It is estimated that over 200,000 in the southern ocean; the North Atlantic population is unknown.
↑ Total population unknown. There are approximately 150,000 specimens in the eastern tropical Pacific. In the western Pacific (off Japan) there are probably more than 30,000 animals.
↑ Estimates from aerial photographs assume around 20,000 animals. If submerged animals are included, the total could be over 25,000.
↑ There are estimated 40,000 individuals in the Beaufort Sea, 25,000 in Hudson Bay, 18,000 in the Bering Sea and 28,000 in the Canadian Arctic. The population in the Saint Lawrence Estuary is estimated to be around 1000 .
↑ Their tendency to stay close to shore puts them at increased risk from fishing.
↑ There are no good estimates of the frequency. A comparison of two studies (late 1970s and 1999/2000) shows a decrease in the population as well as in the incidence.
↑ Several studies were carried out, but an overall estimate is not possible due to a lack of data. In the Eastern Pacific: Central California 4120, Northern California 9250, Oregon and Washington 26,175. In the Atlantic: Gulf of Maine 67,500, Skagerrak 36,046, North Sea 279,367, Ireland and western UK 36,280.
↑ Few serious estimates have been made; the numbers fluctuate around an average of about 500.
↑ Nothing is known about the frequency of this species. It was the most common species encountered when investigating Tierra del Fuego.
↑ There are no data on frequency.
↑ A current estimate for the North Pacific and Bering Seas is 1,186,000.
↑ The global population is unknown. Rough estimates based on small area observation and extrapolation come to 200,000 to 2,000,000 individuals.
↑ ^a ^b Global estimates are not available. A study of the population in the Eastern Pacific assumes 11,000 individuals.
↑ Because of the difficulty in identifying the species, the global population is unknown.
↑ This species seems to be relatively common in the Cook Strait during the summer.
↑ Almost nothing is known about the frequency; however, they do not seem to be as common as previously thought.
↑ Nothing is known about the frequency of this species.
↑ A study from 2002 estimates the number around Hawaii at 766 animals. No estimates exist for other occurrences.
↑ The total population is unknown, but is believed to be around 10,000.
↑ It is believed that the global population exceeds 500,000 animals.
↑ In an investigation at the end of 2006 no more specimens could be found. In 1997 there were 13, and in 1986 the population was estimated at 300.
↑ Pilleri, G. , Marcuzzi, G. and Pilleri, O., 1982. Speciation in the Platanistoidea, systematic, zoogeographical and ecological observations on recent species. Investigations on Cetacea, 14: 15-46.
^ DW Rice: Marine mammals of the world: Systematics and Distribution . Society for Marine Mammalogy, 1998, ISBN 978-1-891276-03-3 .
↑ Estimates assume fewer than 20 Ganges dolphins.
↑ Estimates assume 1100 Indus dolphins.

[1] Richard Sale: A Complete Guide to Arctic Wildlife , Verlag Christopher Helm, London 2006, ISBN 0-7136-7039-8 , p. 443

[Martin-2] Dr. Anthony R. Martin: Whales and Dolphins . Salamander Books, London 1991, ISBN 0-8160-3922-4 .

[3] The population is unknown, but ranges in the hundreds to thousands.

[4] The total population is unknown, but the species is local but common (e.g. it is the most common dolphin species around the Falkland Islands).

[5] Estimates put a value in the high tens of thousands or low hundreds of thousands.

[6] Changing estimates of the population around California and the North Pacific give values up to 400,000.

[7] Research suggests that this is the most common dolphin in Chilean waters.

[8] The population around the US continental shelf exceeds 60,000. In the Pacific, it is believed to be 175,000 in eastern tropical waters and 85,000 in western. There is no estimate of the global population.

[9] Estimate for the Eastern Tropical Pacific is 45,000; a recent study estimates the population in the eastern Sulu Sea at 1200. There is no estimate of the global population.

[10] The only estimate of the population is 38,900 for the eastern tropical Pacific.

[11] The total population is unknown. The largest concentration of 40,000 individuals is believed to be in the Eastern Pacific.

[12] Estimates are 70–80,000 in Antarctica, 8,000 in the tropical Pacific (although tropical waters are not the preferred environment, due to the immense size of this area of 19 million square kilometers, thousands of killer whales are assumed), up to 2000 before Japan, 1500 in the cold northeastern Pacific and 1500 off Norway.

[13] Total population unknown. It is estimated that over 200,000 in the southern ocean; the North Atlantic population is unknown.

[14] Total population unknown. There are approximately 150,000 specimens in the eastern tropical Pacific. In the western Pacific (off Japan) there are probably more than 30,000 animals.

[15] Estimates from aerial photographs assume around 20,000 animals. If submerged animals are included, the total could be over 25,000.

[16] There are estimated 40,000 individuals in the Beaufort Sea, 25,000 in Hudson Bay, 18,000 in the Bering Sea and 28,000 in the Canadian Arctic. The population in the Saint Lawrence Estuary is estimated to be around 1000 .

[17] Their tendency to stay close to shore puts them at increased risk from fishing.

[18] There are no good estimates of the frequency. A comparison of two studies (late 1970s and 1999/2000) shows a decrease in the population as well as in the incidence.

[19] Several studies were carried out, but an overall estimate is not possible due to a lack of data. In the Eastern Pacific: Central California 4120, Northern California 9250, Oregon and Washington 26,175. In the Atlantic: Gulf of Maine 67,500, Skagerrak 36,046, North Sea 279,367, Ireland and western UK 36,280.

[20] Few serious estimates have been made; the numbers fluctuate around an average of about 500.

[21] Nothing is known about the frequency of this species. It was the most common species encountered when investigating Tierra del Fuego.

[22] There are no data on frequency.

[23] A current estimate for the North Pacific and Bering Seas is 1,186,000.

[24] The global population is unknown. Rough estimates based on small area observation and extrapolation come to 200,000 to 2,000,000 individuals.

[ReferenceA-25] Global estimates are not available. A study of the population in the Eastern Pacific assumes 11,000 individuals.

[26] Because of the difficulty in identifying the species, the global population is unknown.

[27] This species seems to be relatively common in the Cook Strait during the summer.

[28] Almost nothing is known about the frequency; however, they do not seem to be as common as previously thought.

[29] Nothing is known about the frequency of this species.

[30] A study from 2002 estimates the number around Hawaii at 766 animals. No estimates exist for other occurrences.

[31] The total population is unknown, but is believed to be around 10,000.

[32] It is believed that the global population exceeds 500,000 animals.

[33] In an investigation at the end of 2006 no more specimens could be found. In 1997 there were 13, and in 1986 the population was estimated at 300.

[34] Pilleri, G. , Marcuzzi, G. and Pilleri, O., 1982. Speciation in the Platanistoidea, systematic, zoogeographical and ecological observations on recent species. Investigations on Cetacea, 14: 15-46.

[35] DW Rice: Marine mammals of the world: Systematics and Distribution . Society for Marine Mammalogy, 1998, ISBN 978-1-891276-03-3 .

[36] Estimates assume fewer than 20 Ganges dolphins.

[37] Estimates assume 1100 Indus dolphins.