List of ancient philosophers
The philosophers who have the most lasting effect on European philosophy are highlighted in bold .
Greek philosophers
List of names
A.
- Aelius Aristides (117-181 AD)
- Alkmaion (fl. Around 500 BC), Greek natural philosopher from Croton
- Ammonios Sakkas (around 175 - 242 AD)
- Ammonios Hermeiou (4th / 5th century)
- Anaxagoras (around 500-428 BC), Greek philosopher
- Anaximander (around 610-546 BC), pre-Socratic Greek philosopher
- Anaximenes (585-525 BC), pre-Socratic Greek natural philosopher
- Antiochus of Ascalon (140/25 - 68 BC)
- Antiphon from Athens (480-411 BC), Greek philosopher, sophist and interpreter of dreams
- Antisthenes (444 - 371 BC), sophist, cynic
- Archytas of Taranto (428-350 BC)
- Aristippus of Cyrene (435 - 355 or 366 BC)
- Aristotle (384 - 322 BC), Greek philosopher
- Aristoxenos (around 350 BC), Greek philosopher from Taranto
- Arkesilaos of Pitane (around 315 - 241/40 BC)
B.
- Bion of Borysthenes (around 335 - around 245 BC), Cynic
C.
- Chrysippus from Soli Stoics (around 280 - 207 BC)
- Theophilos Corydalleus (1563-1646)
D.
- Damascius (around AD 460 - 540)
- Demetrios of Phaleron (around 345 - around 280 BC), Peripatetic School
- Democritus (460-371 BC)
- Demonax (2nd century AD), Cynic
- Diogenes of Apollonia (around 499 BC - 428 BC), pre-Socratics
- Diogenes of Babylon (around 240-150 BC), Stoic
- Diogenes of Sinope (400-325 BC)
E.
- Empedocles (around 492 - 432 BC)
- Epicharmos (around 540-460 BC), pre-Socratics, comedy writer
- Epictetus (around 50 AD - 120 AD)
- Epicurus of Samos ( 341-270 BC), founder of Epicureanism
- Eratosthenes of Cyrene (around 275 - around 195 BC)
G
- Gorgias of Leontinoi (around 480 - 380 BC), sophist
H
- Heraklit (around 540 - around 480 BC), pre-Socratics, first hermit in Europe
- Herakleides Pontikos (around 390 - after 322 BC), a pupil of Plato
- Hierocles (first half of the 5th century), Neoplatonist
- Hippias of Elis (fl. Around 420 BC)
I.
- Iamblichus of Chalkis (around 240/45 - around 320/25), Neoplatonist
- Ion of Chios (490-421 BC), poet and playwright
K
- Carneades of Cyrene (around 214 - 128 BC), skeptic
- Kelsus (fl. 150 - 200 AD), Platonist
- Kerkidas (around 290-220 BC), Cynic
- Kleanthes of Assos (331-232 BC), Stoic
- Krates of Athens (271-268 BC), head of the Elder Academy
- Krates of Thebes (365 - around 285 BC), Cynic
- Critias (around 460 - 403 BC), sophist
L.
M.
- Melissus (around 440 BC)
- Menedemus (Cynic) (4th century BC)
- Menedemus of Eretria (around 350 BC - around 278 BC), Eretrian school
- Metrodorus of Chios (around 500 - 400 BC), atomistic pre-Socratics
- Monimos (4th century BC), Cynic
O
- Onesikritos , Cynic (4th century BC)
- Origen (3rd century), Platonist
P
- Panaitios (around 180-100 BC)
- Parmenides of Elea (around 515 - 445 BC)
- Philolaus (approx. 480 - 405 BC)
- Philo of Alexandria (15 BC - 50 AD)
- Philon von Larisa (1st century BC), head of the New Academy
- Plato (427 - 347 BC)
- Plotinus (AD 205-270)
- Polemon of Athens (314-270 BC), head of the Elder Academy
- Porphyrios (233-304 AD), biographer and editor of Plotinus
- Poseidonios of Apamea (135 - 51 BC)
- Prodikos (around 450 BC), sophist
- Proclus (410 - 485 AD), Neoplatonist
- Protagoras (490-410 BC), sophist
- Ptolemy Greek Klaudios Ptolemaios (87-150 AD), Greek mathematician, geographer and astronomer
- Ptolemy (Platonist) (probably 3rd century)
- Pyrrhon of Elis (360-270 BC), skeptic
- Pythagoras of Samos (around 580 - 500 BC)
S.
- Simplikios (6th century AD), important Neo-Platonist
- Socrates (around 469 - 399 BC)
- Speusippos (347 - 339 BC), head of the Elder Academy
T
- Thales of Miletus (around 625-546 BC)
- Theodoros (c. 300 BC), Cyrenaic
- Theophrastus (371-287 BC)
- Thrasymachus (around 450 BC), pre-Socratics, sophist
- Timon von Phleius (around 320-230 BC), skeptic
X
- Xenophanes von Kolophon (around 570-480 BC), pre-Socratics
- Xenocrates (339-314 BC), head of the Elder Academy
- Xenophon (430-425 BC) disciple of Socrates
Z
- Zenon of Elea (around 490-430 BC)
- Zeno of Kition (around 333-262 BC)
- Zenon of Sidon (around 150 - 70 BC)
- Zenon of Tarsus (before 170 BC)
See also
Latin philosophers
Philosophy written in Latin encompasses Latin philosophy from ancient Rome to early modern Europe.
Antiquity
- Lucretius Carus
- Marcus Tullius Cicero
- Lucius Annaeus Seneca
- Gaius Musonius Rufus
- Marcus Aurelius
- Apuleius
- Tertullian
Late antiquity
See also
See overall
literature
- Richard Goulet (Ed.): Dictionnaire des philosophes antiques . CNRS Editions, Paris 1989 ff .; published so far:
- Volume 1: Abam (m) on à Axiothéa , 1989, ISBN 2-222-04042-6 .
- Volume 2: Babélica d'Argos à Dyscolius , 1994, ISBN 2-271-05195-9 .
- Volume 3: d'Eccélos à Juvénal , 2000, ISBN 2-271-05748-5 .
- Supplément , 2003, ISBN 2-271-06175-X (additions to the first three volumes, especially Aristoteles and Cicero)
- Volume 4: de Labeo à Ovidius , 2005, ISBN 2-271-06386-8 .
- Volume 5a: de Paccius à Plotin , 2012, ISBN 978-2-271-07335-8 .
- Volume 5b: de Plotina à Rutilius Rufus , 2012, ISBN 978-2-271-07399-0 .