List of stanzas and poem forms
This list includes verse and poem forms . In the poem forms section , only the forms with multiple stanzas are listed; single stanza forms that are not divided into stanzas are listed next to the stanza forms.
The language information relates to the origin. The relevant stanza or poem form can also have been taken up in other languages or national literature.
Stanza forms
Generic names for stanzas relate solely to the number of verses:
- One liner : monostitch
- Two lines : couplet, distichon
- Three-line : trio , tristichon
- Quatrains : quartet , quartine, quatrain, tetrastichon
- Five-liner : quintet
- Six liner: sextet, sestain
- Seven liner : septet
- Eight-liner : octet
- Nine liner
- Ten lines
The metric notation used for the scheme is made up of the number of verses × the meter or the specification of the respective meter (separated by /) and, if necessary, a rhyme scheme in square brackets. The meter is given in metric formula notation.
| Surname | Language / origin | Verses | Scheme | comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ae freedom | Irish | 4th | 4 × x 7 [abab] | |
| Alexandrian Couplet | German | 2 | 2 × yes 6 [aa] | |
| Alkean stanza | Greek | 4th | alc 11 / alc 11 / alc 9 / alc 10 | |
| Ambrosian hymn verse | Latin | 4th | 4 × x 8 [aabb] | see pair rhyming strophe |
| 1. Archilochian stanza | Greek | 2 | there 6c / there 4c | |
| 2. Archilochian stanza | Greek | 2 | there 6c / ar mi | |
| 3. Archilochian stanza | Greek | 2 | ar ma / yes tc | |
| 1. Asclepius verse | Greek | 4th | 4 × as mi | |
| 2. Asclepius verse | Greek | 4th | 3 × as mi / gl2 | |
| 3rd Asclepiadean stanza | Greek | 4th | as mi / as mi / pher2 / gl2 | |
| 4. Asclepiadean stanza | Greek | 4th | gl2 / as mi / gl2 / as mi | |
| 5th Asclepius verse | Greek | 4th | 4 × as ma | |
| Awdl-gywydd | Welsh | 4th | 4 × x 7 | |
| Bar form | German | also barstrophe | ||
| Benzenauer tone | ||||
| Bernerton | Middle High German | 13 |
x 4m / x 4m / x 3w / x 4m / x 4m / x 3w / x 4m / x 3w / x 4m / x 3w / x 4m / x 3w / x 3m [aab ccb dede fwf] |
|
| Blues stanza | American | 3 | 3 × yes 5 [AAa] | |
| Bob and Wheel | English | 5 | ||
| Böhmerschlachtweise | ||||
| Brother Vitus tone | ||||
| Burns Stanza | ||||
| Byr-a-thoddaid | Welsh | 4th | ||
| Cadwynfyr | Welsh | |||
| Casbairdne | Irish | 4th | ||
| Chevy Chase Verse | English | 4th | x 4m x 3m x 4m x 3m [abab] | |
| Cinquain | American | 5 | x 2 x 4 x 6 x 8 x 2 | |
| Clogyrnach | Welsh | |||
| Contrerime | French | 4th | ||
| Clogyrnach | Welsh | 6th | ||
| Common measure | English | 4th | yes 4 / yes 3 / yes 4 / yes 3 [abab] | also common meter |
| Coridonton | ||||
| Copla | ||||
| Couplet | 2 | |||
| Cuaderna via | ||||
| Cyhydedd Fer | Welsh | 2 | ||
| Cyhydedd Hir | Welsh | 8th | ||
| Cyhydedd Naw Ban | Welsh | |||
| Cyrch-a-chwta | Welsh | |||
| Cywydd Deuair Fyrion | Welsh | 2 | ||
| Cywydd Deuair Hirion | Welsh | 2 | ||
| Cywydd Llosgyrnog | Welsh | 6th | ||
| Daphnis strophe | ||||
| Deibhidhe | Irish | 4th | ||
| Decime | Spanish | 10 | 10 × tr 4 | |
| Distich | Greek | 2 | A poem or stanza form consisting of two verses with different meters | |
| Big way | ||||
| Droighneach | Irish | |||
| Dróttkvætt | Old Norse | 8th | ||
| Corner stanza | ||||
| Elegant punch | ||||
| Elegiac alexandrine | ||||
| Elegant distich | Greek | 2 | there 6 / since 5 | (Dactylic) hexameter + pentameter |
| Englyn Proest Cyfnewidiog | Welsh | |||
| Englyn Proest Cadwynog | Welsh | |||
| Englyn Unodl Crwca | Welsh | |||
| Englyn Unodl Union | Welsh | |||
| Espinela | ||||
| By flame | ||||
| Fornyrðislag | Old Norse | 8th | ||
| Freedom | Irish | 4th | 4 × x 7 [abab] | |
| Ghazel | Arabic / Persian | 2 | ||
| Glyconic stanza | Greek | 4th | gl / gl / gl / pher | |
| Gorchest Beirdd | Welsh | |||
| Gwawdodyn Byr | Welsh | |||
| Gwawdodyn Hir | Welsh | |||
| Haiku | Japanese | 1 | Verse on three word groups with 5, 7 and 5 Japanese mores | |
| Half Hildebrandstone | ||||
| Helming | ||||
| Heroic Alexandrian | ||||
| Herrenhuter stanza | ||||
| Duke Ernst tone | ||||
| Heinous | Middle High German | 8 (4) |
x 4w / x 3m / x 4w / x 3m / x 4w / x 3m / x 4w / x 3m [from from cd cd] |
8 short lines in 4 long lines; Special form of Hildebrandstone ; Also Hun or Hönweise |
| Hildebrandston | Middle High German | 8 (4) |
x 4w / x 3m / x 4w / x 3m / x 4w / x 3m / x 4w / x 3m [wa wa wb wb] |
8 short lines in 4 long lines; Special form of the Nibelungenstrophe ; see also Heunenweise |
| Hir-a-thoddaid | Welsh | |||
| Huitain | French | 8th | 8 × x 8or 8 × x 10 [ababbcbc] (or [abbaacca]) | Special form of the punch |
| Judas strophe | ||||
| Canzone strophe | French | |||
| Kudrunstrophe | ||||
| Kürenberger strophe | also Kürnbergweise | |||
| Lindenschmidt strophe | early new high German | 5 | yes 4m / yes 4m / yes 3w / yes 4m / yes 3w [aabxb] or [aabab] | |
| lira | Spanish | 5 | x 7 / x 11 /x 7 / x 7 / x 11 [ababb] | different forms with 4-6 verses, here the lira garcilasiana |
| Ljóðaháttr | Old Norse | 6 (4) | 2 long lines with forward and backward verse and 2 full lines | |
| Luther strophe | ||||
| Málaháttr | Old Norse | 10 (5) | 5 long lines with forward and backward verses | |
| Master's anguish | early New High German Mastersang | |||
| Mester de clericia | ||||
| Morolf's stanza | 5 | Middle High German / Early New High German | yes 4m / yes 4m / yes 3m / yes 4m / yes 3m [aabxb] | |
| Nibelung strophe | Middle High German | 8 (4) |
x 4w / x 3m / x 4w / x 3m / x 4w / x 3m / x 4w / x 4m [wa wa wb wb] |
8 short lines in 4 long lines; see also Hildebrandston |
| Nonarime | Italian | 9 | 9 × x 11 [abababccb] | Special form of the punch |
| Ode iambica | ||||
| Ode trochaica | ||||
| octave | ||||
| Easter way | ||||
| Otfrid's strophe | Old High German | 4th | 4 × x 4m [aabb] | see also rhyming pair strophe |
| Ottaverime | ||||
| Couple rhyming stanza | Latin | 4th | 4 × yes 4 [aabb] | see Ambrosian hymn verse |
| Baboon | ||||
| Poulter's Measure | English | 2 | ||
| quartet | 4th | four-line rhyming stanza; especially in the sonnet | ||
| Quatrain | ||||
| quintet | 5 | see five-liner | ||
| Quintilla | Spanish | 5 | 5 × tr 4 [ababa] | |
| Raven battle strophe | ||||
| Redondilla | Spanish | 4th | 4 × tr 4 [abba] | |
| Travel strophe | ||||
| Reimple verse | Middle High German | 4th | ||
| Rhupunt Byr | Welsh | |||
| Rhupunt Hir | Welsh | |||
| Rhupunt Hwyaf | Welsh | |||
| Rhyme royal | English | 7th | 7 × yes 5 [ababbcc] | as Chaucerstrophe or Royal Stanza referred |
| Rime couée | French | 6th | ||
| Rionnaird-tri-nard | Irish | 4th | ||
| Ritornello | Italian | 3 | ||
| Romances stanza | ||||
| Rondel | ||||
| Rubāʿī | Persian | 4th | ||
| Sapphic verse | Greek | 4th | sapph mi / sapph mi / sapph mi / ad | |
| Gift stanza | ||||
| Schillerton | ||||
| Bulky velvet | ||||
| Tail rhyming stanza | ||||
| Swiss tone | ||||
| Séadna | Irish | 4th | ||
| Soul song stanza | ||||
| Seguidilla | Spanish | 7th | x 7 x 5 x 7 x 5 x 5 x 7 x 5 [wawabwb] | different shapes; here Seguidilla compuesta |
| Sestine | ||||
| Shloka | old indian | 2 | ||
| Sicilians | Italian | 8th | 8 × x 11 [abababab] | Special form of the punch |
| Sneadhbhairdne | Irish | 4th | ||
| Spenserstrophe | English | 9 | 8 × yes 5 / yes 6 [ababbcbcc] | |
| Stabat mater stanza | ||||
| Standard Habbie | ||||
| punch | Italian | 8th | 8 × x 11 [abababcc] | see also Nonarime |
| Stollenstrophe | Middle High German | 11 | German form of the canzone strophe | |
| Strambotto | Italian |
[ABABABAB]= ottava siciliana [AABBCCDD]= strambotto romagnolo [ABABCCDD]= rispetto toscano |
||
| School disaster | ||||
| By the day | ||||
| Tawddgyrch Cadwynog | Welsh | |||
| trio | 3 | three-line (rhyming) stanza, especially in the sonnet | ||
| Terzines | Italian | 3 | 3 × x 11 [aba bcb cdc…] | |
| Tyrolean clay | also Tyrol strophe | |||
| Title strophe | ||||
| Toddaid | Welsh | 4th | ||
| Great way | ||||
| Triolet | French | 8th | 8 × x 8 [ABaAabAB] | A and B denote identically repeated verses |
| Vagant stanza | ||||
| Wrong way | ||||
| Versus tripertiti caudati | ||||
| Villanelle | ||||
| Walther Hildegund stanza | ||||
| Wisbeckenton | also white basin clay |
Regardless of the specific stanza forms listed here, the generic terms two-line , three-line , four-line , etc. related to the number of verses are in use.
Poem forms
See also
literature
- Ivo Braak : Poetics in a nutshell. Basic literary terms. An introduction. 8th, revised and expanded edition. Bornträger, Berlin et al. 2001, ISBN 3-443-03109-9 .
- Dieter Burdorf, Christoph Fasbender , Burkhard Moennighoff (Hrsg.): Metzler-Lexikon literature. Terms and definitions. 3rd, completely revised edition. Metzler, Stuttgart et al. 2007, ISBN 978-3-476-01612-6 .
- Horst Joachim Frank : Handbook of German strophic forms (= UTB 1732). 2nd, revised edition. Francke, Tübingen et al. 1993, ISBN 3-7720-2221-9 .
- Roland Greene, Stephen Cushman, et al. (Ed.): The Princeton Encyclopedia of Poetry and Poetics. 4th edition. Princeton University Press, Princeton 2012, ISBN 978-0-691-13334-8 .
- Otto Knörrich: Lexicon of lyrical forms (= Kröner's pocket edition . Volume 479). 2nd, revised edition. Kröner, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-520-47902-8 .
- Fritz Schlawe: The German stanza forms. Systematic-chronological register of German poetry 1600–1950 (= repertories on German literary history. Vol. 5). Metzler, Stuttgart 1972, ISBN 3-476-00243-8 .
- Lewis Putnam Turco: The book of forms. A handbook of poetics. Including odd and invented forms. Revised and expanded edition. University Press of New England, Hanover NH 2011, ISBN 978-1-61168-035-5 .
- Gero von Wilpert : Subject dictionary of literature. Special edition of the 8th, improved and expanded edition. Kröner, Stuttgart 2013, ISBN 978-3-520-84601-3 .