Ludwig Fraenkel

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Ludwig Fraenkel (born April 23, 1870 in Leobschütz , Province of Silesia , † July 10, 1951 in Bad Ischl ) was a German gynecologist and obstetrician. He is considered to be one of the pioneers in gynecological endocrinology .

Live and act

Fraenkel was born into a Jewish factory owner family. He graduated from high school in 1888 and then studied medicine at the universities of Würzburg , Berlin , Greifswald , Munich and Freiburg until 1893 . It was in 1892 at the University of Berlin with a thesis on the treatment of ankylosis of the elbow joint doctorate . After completing his studies, he initially worked as an assistant to Paul Grawitz , a Greifswald pathologist. There he became known for his work on the histology of chorionic epithelioma . His gynecological teachers included Alfred Hegar and Wilhelm Alexander Freund . Fraenkel was also introduced to social issues in the field through Freund.

In 1896 he began to work at the private gynecological clinic of his uncle Ernst Fränkel in Breslau . The Medical Faculty of the University of Wroclaw appointed him private lecturer in 1905 and awarded him the title of professor in 1909. Although he was still practicing as a gynecologist, Ludwig Fraenkel was appointed associate professor in 1921 and a year later in 1922 as successor to Otto Küstner to the chair of gynecology and obstetrics in Breslau. He developed into one of the leading personalities in German gynecology.

Scientifically, Fraenkel was primarily interested in researching the secretory performance of the corpus luteum . However, he also devoted himself to obstetric and surgical gynecological problems. After he had given a heatedly discussed lecture on sterilization and contraception at the 22nd Congress of the German Society for Gynecology and Obstetrics in Frankfurt am Main in 1931 under the direction of Ludwig Seitz and he was also in discussion as a candidate for a future chairmanship of the society, he was allowed to During the time of National Socialism he no longer appeared as a Jew at the next congress in Berlin in 1933 . In the same year he was replaced as full professor. In 1936 he emigrated to Uruguay , where from 1937 he was able to work again as a teacher and consultant in Montevideo and to conduct intensive research again. The German Society for Gynecology and Obstetrics made him an honorary member in 1951. In the same year Ludwig Fraenkel died at the age of 81 during a trip to Europe in Austria .

Scientific importance

Fraenkel recognized the importance of ovarian function for the menstrual cycle . In animal experiments, he confirmed the theses of Gustav Jacob Born a hormonal one and thus refuted the thesis of the nervous control of the menstrual cycle. He demonstrated the endocrinological function of the corpus luteum and was involved in the discovery of progesterone with a working group that also included Erich Fels (1897–1981), Karl Slotta (1895–1987) and Heinrich Ruschig .

Honors

Family connections

Ludwig Fraenkel had two siblings who perished during the reign of the National Socialists. He came to gynecology through family relationships, such as that with his uncle Ernst Fränkel . In his work, Ludwig Fraenkel mentioned an assistant L. Conrat several times, but he was his future wife Lilli (1881-1956). Since their grandmother was Fraenkel's father Heinrich Fraenkel's half-sister, they were both cousins ​​and second cousins. They married in Vienna in 1900 . This marriage resulted in two children, Maja Fraenkel and Heinz Fraenkel-Conrat .

In 1927 Maja married Karl Slotta , a biochemist who worked closely with her father.

Fonts (selection)

  • On the treatment of ankyloses of the elbow joint. Dissertation , Friedrich Wilhelms University Berlin , 1892
  • Comparative histological studies on the occurrence of glandular formations in the interstitial ovarian tissue. Breslauer Comrade-Buchdr., Breslau, 1905
  • Normal and pathological sexual physiology in women. In: W. Liepmann (Hrsg.): Brief handbook of the entire gynecology, gynecology and obstetrics for the general practitioner. Volume 3, Vogel Verlag, Leipzig 1914
  • The normal and pathological physiology of menstruation. Urban & Schwarzenberg publishing house, Berlin, Vienna 1927
  • Contraception: biological principles, technology and indications. Enke Verlag, 1932
  • Photographic atlas of obstetric and gynecological microscopic diagnostics . Karger, Berlin 1933

literature

  • Albrecht Scholz, Caris-Petra Heidel: Social Policy and Judaism: Series Medicine and Judaism ; Issue 5 (for the 5th Medical History Colloquium on "Medicine and Judaism"), Union Druckerei, 1st edition Dresden 2000, pp. 71–72.
  • W. Frobenius: Ludwig Fraenkel: 'spiritus rector' of the early progesterone research. doi: 10.1016 / S0301-2115 (98) 00297-8
  • Udo Rudloff, Hans Ludwig: Jewish gynecologists in Germany in the first half of the twentieth century. Arch Gynecol Obstet (2005) 272, p. 245, doi: 10.1007 / s00404-005-0046-6 , PMID 16086229
  • Hans Ludwig: Ludwig Fraenkel "The corpus luteum is a gland of internal secretion". Gynäkologe 37 (2004), pp. 556-558, doi: 10.1007 / s00129-004-1531-x

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Wolfgang Frobenius: Ludwig Fraenkel, corpus luteum and discovery of progesterone. Zentralbl Gynakol 129 (1998), pp. 317-23, PMID 9703653 .
  2. ↑ Archive for Gynecology, Volume 141, Springer Verlag, Berlin 1930
  3. ^ Heinrich Martius, Hermann Naujoks (ed.): Twenty-eighth meeting, held at Bad Pyrmont from April 4 to 8, 1951. Volume 28 of negotiations of the German Society for Gynecology. Springer Verlag, Berlin 1951, p. XXXII
  4. ↑ Gerhard Bettendorf (Ed.): On the history of endocrinology and reproductive medicine: 256 biographies and reports. Springer-Verlag, 2013, ISBN 3-642-79152-2 , pp. 151–152
personal data
SURNAME Fraenkel, Ludwig
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German gynecologist
DATE OF BIRTH April 23, 1870
PLACE OF BIRTH Leobschütz , Province of Silesia
DATE OF DEATH July 10, 1951
Place of death Bad Ischl