Lymphocytic choriomeningitis

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The lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM), short choriomeningitis is a viral infectious disease that mainly in rodents , but can also infect humans occurs. The LCM is therefore a zoonosis . The English term lymphocytic choriomeningitis was coined by Charles Armstrong, who discovered the LCM virus in 1934. Stated are or were viral meningitis , serous meningitis (angioedema) , benign aseptic meningitis (Wallgren) , acute idiopathic viral meningitis and benign mononuclear meningitis (Fanconi) .

Pathogen

Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus.jpg

LCM virus

Systematics
Classification : Viruses
Area : Riboviria
Empire : Orthornavirae
Phylum : Negarnaviricota
Subphylum : Polyploviricotina
Class : Ellioviricetes
Order : Bunyavirales
Family : Arenaviridae
Genre : Mammary virus
Subgenus : "LCMV / Lassa complex"
Type : Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus
Taxonomic characteristics
Genome : (+/-) ss RNA segmented
Baltimore : Group 5
Symmetry : helical / circular
Cover : available
Scientific name
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus
Short name
LCMV
Left
NCBI  Taxonomy: 11623
ViralZone ( ExPASy , SIB): 83 (genus)

The causative agent is the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), a negative single-stranded RNA virus of the genus Mammarenavirus , family Arenaviridae (group V, (-) ssRNA ). The main reservoir are mice , but the virus can also occur in hamsters , guinea pigs and marmosets. Golden hamsters are of particular importance for the epidemiology of human disease . Infections from mice or guinea pigs have not yet become known.

The pathogen is excreted in the feces , urine , saliva and tear fluid , especially in the first three months of life. The infection of humans occurs through ingestion of virus-contaminated particles through the mouth and the respiratory tract and through direct contact with animals or bites.

Rodent disease

In rodents, the disease is usually symptom-free and occurs only in young animals. The morbidity is about 20%, the mortality only 2%. Occasionally, general disturbances (rough coat, emaciation, conjunctivitis ) and, rarely, central nervous symptoms ( muscle tremors , paralysis , cramps ) can occur.

The detection can be done via a serological antibody detection ( ELISA , IFT ). A therapy is not common. The disease has become rarer overall due to regular serological examinations of the larger rodent breeds.

Disease in marmosets

In marmosets , the virus causes so-called callitrichid hepatitis, which is characterized by liver necrosis with intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies. The disease can also spread to other organ systems.

Disease of man

Classification according to ICD-10
A87.2 Lymphocytic choriomeningitis
ICD-10 online (WHO version 2019)

In Germany around 3% of the population have antibodies against the LCM virus, although there are no higher infection rates in owners of rodents. The disease usually runs with flu- like symptoms. Meningitis can develop with prolonged illness . The mortality is 1–2%. If infected in the second half of pregnancy , the virus can pass through the placenta to the fetus . This can lead to a miscarriage or malformations ( hydrocephalus ) or eye disorders ( uveitis ) in the newborn.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Edward A. Beeman: Charles Armstrong, MD: A Biography. 2007, pp. 183-205. (also online here (PDF))
  2. ↑ Karl Wurm, AM Walter: Infectious Diseases. In: Ludwig Heilmeyer (ed.): Textbook of internal medicine. Springer-Verlag, Berlin / Göttingen / Heidelberg 1955; 2nd edition, ibid. 1961, pp. 9-223, here: pp. 182 f. ( Choriomeningitis ).
  3. ↑ ICTV Master Species List 2018b v1 MSL # 34, Feb. 2019
  4. ↑ a b ICTV: ICTV Taxonomy history: Akabane orthobunyavirus , EC 51, Berlin, Germany, July 2019; Email ratification March 2020 (MSL # 35)
  5. ↑ a b H. Kraus, A. Weber (Ed.): Zoonoses . Deutscher Ärzteverlag Cologne, 1986.
  6. ↑ BB Chomel: Zoonoses of house pets other than dogs, cats and birds . In: Pediatr. Inf. Dis. 19/1992, pp. 479-487.
  7. ↑ R. Wright et al.: Congenital lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus syndrome: A disease that mimics congenital toxoplasmosis or cytomegalovirus infection . In: Pediatr. 100/1997, pp. 1-6.
  8. ↑ K. Gabrisch, P. Zwart: Diseases of the domestic animals . 6th edition. Schlütersche Verlagsgesellschaft, Hanover 2005, ISBN 3-89993-010-X .
  9. ↑ Asper, M. et al. (2001): First outbreak of callitrichid hepatitis in Germany: genetic characterization of the causative lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus strains. Virology 284: 203-213
  10. ↑ F. Lehmann-Grube et al.: Studies on the role of the golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) in the transmission of the virus of lymphocytic choriomeningitis to humans. In: Med. Microbiol. Immunol. 167/1979, pp. 205-210.

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