Máriakéménd
| Máriakéménd | |||||
|
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| Basic data | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| State : | Hungary | ||||
| Region : | Southern Transdanubia | ||||
| County : | Baranya | ||||
| Small area until December 31, 2012 : | Mohács | ||||
| District since 1.1.2013 : | Bóly | ||||
| Coordinates : | 46 ° 2 ' N , 18 ° 28' E | ||||
| Height : | 102 m | ||||
| Area : | 15.78 km² | ||||
| Residents : | 604 (Jan. 1, 2011) | ||||
| Population density : | 38 inhabitants per km² | ||||
| Telephone code : | (+36) 69 | ||||
| Postal code : | 7663 | ||||
| KSH kódja: | 14483 | ||||
| Structure and administration (as of 2016) | |||||
| Community type : | local community | ||||
| Mayoress : | Csabáné Jeszán (independent) | ||||
| Postal address : | Rákóczi Ferenc u. 30 7663 Máriakéménd |
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| (Source: A Magyar Köztársaság helységnévkönyve 2011. január 1st at Központi statisztikai hivatal ) | |||||
Máriakéménd ( Croatian Kemed ) is a Hungarian municipality in Bóly County in Baranya County .
history
The archaeological excavations carried out in the area of Máriakéménd in 1960 brought to light finds from the year 200.
The first written mention of the place comes from the year 1015. King Stephen I put 41 villages - including Kéménd - under the sovereignty of the Benedictine abbey of Pécsvárad . At that time there were already mills in the area. The local farmers were free, they mainly engaged in wheat cultivation, as well as cattle breeding and viticulture. After the lost battle of Mohács in 1526, irregulars ravaged the village of Kéménd. In 1530 Kéménd was also incorporated into the Turkish Empire. The settlement of Germans took place in the years 1720 to 1741. After that, the development of the village accelerated, new houses, stables and barns were built. Only about a third of the population was of Hungarian origin. The well-to-do German farmers lived in the main street, the poorer Germans, Croats and Hungarians in the Horvat street.
The fact that Kéménd became Máriakéménd is based on the following incident: In 1740, five girls from Kéménd collected grass on the meadow, about 800 meters from the village, in the area of the former cemetery. Suddenly they noticed that a shining picture emerged from a sunken grave: It was an image of Mary with little Jesus in her arms. News of this incident spread throughout the area, and despite an episcopal prohibition, the number of pilgrims there grew steadily. The residents of Kéménd applied for a parish.
Construction of a new large church on the site of the previous chapel began in 1746. It was financed exclusively from donations from the pilgrims. The church was consecrated on December 8th, 1754, the day of the Assumption of Mary , but it was not possible to build the two towers originally planned.
The complete indulgence was granted to the church by Pope Clement XIV in honor of the Feast of Mary on August 15th . Even today, thousands of pilgrims visit the Gothic style church.
In the 19th century, the clearing of the forests, reclamation of the soil as well as the intensification of cattle breeding and large-scale viticulture in the area of the village began. As a result, many press houses were built, which a later record from 1910 says: "There are more press houses than residential buildings."
A large part of the male population of the village was drafted in the First World War and a great many fell. The locals commemorated them in 1938 with the inauguration of a memorial with Zsolnay ceramics on one of the side wings of the church. A memorial plaque erected in 1993 commemorates the fallen in World War II .
In 1947, the forced resettlement of German-speaking residents began. At the same time Hungary, which were from the Czechoslovakia associated Upper Hungary were sold or from the Great Hungarian Plain came, settled.
From the 1960s until the system change, Máriakéménd vegetated in the shadow of neighboring Szederkény as a partner community. In 1992 an independent notary's office was set up, and since then the village has developed worth seeing.
Attractions
- One of the sights is the unique series of press houses, which are 2.5 km long on the slopes to the east of the village. Most of them can still be seen in their original form. The village is also part of the Mohács - Bóly white wine route , which is expected to boost wine tourism.
- On the architectural level, the Swabian farms that emerged in the last century are mainly to be mentioned with their main houses, wide inner courtyards, large farm buildings and gardens. Here, too, some can still be seen in their original state.
- In 2000 the village museum was inaugurated. Here you can see in particular the former domestic objects of the German farms. The history of the village was also presented.
- The Gothic Gnadenkirche is about 1 km from the village. It was brought into its current form in 1671, which also has baroque elements.
traffic
Road no. 5608 runs through Máriakéménd. The nearest train station is in Bóly to the south.
Web links
- Máriakéménd ( Hungarian )
- Máriakéménd múltja és jelene (Hungarian)
- Máriakéménd - Rózsafüzér Királynéjának kegyhelye (Hungarian)
- Kéménd in A Pallas nagy lexikona (Hungarian)
supporting documents
- ↑ Máriakéménd települési választás eredményei ( Hungarian ) Nemzeti Választási Iroda. October 12, 2014. Retrieved January 20, 2016.
- ↑ Expulsion of Germans from Hungary 1946-1948 according to communities (doc) Anton Tressel. May 25, 2015. Retrieved July 20, 2016.
- ^ History of the Hungarian Germans from 1900 to today . Anton Tressel. May 25, 2015. Retrieved July 20, 2016.