Mühlbach (Niklasgraben)

Mühlbach Rybniční potok, Mlýnský potok, Steinabrunnský potok
The Mühlbach at the Ziegelbrücke
Data
Water code	CZ : 4-17-01-054
location	Austria , Czech Republic
River system	Danube
Drain over	Niklasgraben  → Thaya  → March  → Danube  → Black Sea
source	in Falkenstein 48 ° 43 ′ 21 ″  N , 16 ° 35 ′ 39 ″  E
Source height	263  m above sea level A.
muzzle	im Nový rybník Coordinates: 48 ° 46 ′ 54 ″  N , 16 ° 40 ′ 21 ″  E 48 ° 46 ′ 54 ″  N , 16 ° 40 ′ 21 ″  E
Mouth height	183  m nm
Height difference	80 m
Bottom slope	approx. 6.2 ‰
length	approx. 13 km
Catchment area	51.1 km²

The Mühlbach (Czech Rybniční potok , also Mlýnský potok or Steinabrunnský potok ) is a right tributary of the Niklasgraben / Včelínek in the Czech Republic and Lower Austria .

course

The Mühlbach rises on the Kühberg near Falkenstein in the Weinviertel , Austria . Its upper course leads in an easterly direction to Poysbrunn , where it turns to the northeast and is then bridged by Brünner Straße .

On its middle course, the stream flows at the western foot of the Staré hory ( Altberge ) and Kamenné hory ( Steinberge ), which rise in the district of Úvaly ( Garschönthal ) in the Czech Republic, with a northerly direction through Steinebrunn and past Drasenhofen . The stream runs parallel to the Czech border on this section with a distance of one kilometer.

The lower course, on which the stream Rybniční potok is called, initially runs for a length of 400 m as a border stream and then for the last 650 m entirely on Czech territory. Shortly before its mouth, the stream is crossed by the historic brick bridge to the former Portz Island and by the Břeclav – Hrušovany nad Jevišovkou railway line. After 13 km the brook flows into the Nový rybník ( Portzteich or Lehteich ) in the Niklasgraben / Včelínek .

In Austria, the Mühlbach is viewed as the upper reaches of the Teichhubbach and the Niklasgraben as a tributary.

history

Around 1400 a cascade of eleven fish ponds was built along the stream. At the end of the 18th century, the Josephinische Landesaufnahme showed three ponds near Steinebrunn as covered. The dam of the first pond broke through a storm on September 28, 1814, and the other ponds downstream were also uprooted by the floods. The pond sites were then converted into arable land. The embankment of the sixth pond at the southern exit of Steinebrunn, over which the street “Am Damm” leads, is best preserved.

Below Steinebrunn, the water power was used to drive two single-layer water mills - the Herrnmühle and the Tremermühle, later the Glasermühle.

The Mühlbach originally flowed entirely on Lower Austrian territory; the Niklasgraben formed the border with Moravia . With the creation of the port pond, the brook flowed into the pond through which the national border ran. In 1826 the entire Portzteich, including the island, was assigned to the Moravian rule of Nikolsburg , so the mouth of the stream was again directly on the border. After the pond was drained in the middle of the 19th century, the stream extended to Moravian territory and now flows into the Niklasgraben opposite the Voitelsbrunn loam mill. Through the Treaty of Saint-Germain , the newly founded Czechoslovakia was assigned larger areas to the right of the Niklasgraben between the former Portzteich and Unterthemenau, including the town of Feldsberg . This also affected the Drasenhofen fields immediately south of the pond site and the stone-brunn corridors reaching as far as the Nimmersatt / Nesyt pond. This increased the Moravian part of the stream slightly; there was also the section called Grenzbach.

In the 1950s, the Nový rybník ( Portzteich ) was dammed in a significantly reduced form; the southern third of the pond site was no longer flooded. As a result, both the brick bridge and the lower railway bridge lead from Portz Island over the Rybniční potok / Mühlbach.

State description

The Mühlbach flows in Lower Austria through intensively used agricultural areas. Due to anthropogenic changes, its ecological condition is described as “bad”, whereas the chemical condition is very good. In Poysbrunn it is heavily streaked with grass and hardly recognizable as a stream.

At the Mühlbach and its tributary Lüssgraben there is one of the few occurrences of the Vogel-Azurjungfer in Austria .

Tributaries

• Neuberger Graben (r), below Poysbrunn
• Ebersleithengraben or Lüssgraben (l), on Brünner Straße
• Tännaugraben (r), above Steinebrunn
• Stützenhofner Bach (l), in Steinebrunn
• Drasenbach (l), near Drasenhofen

Individual evidence

1. ↑ mapy.cz
2. ↑ mapy.cz
3. ↑ mapy.cz
4. ↑ BMLFUW (Hrsg.): Area directory of the river areas: Danube area from the Enns to the Leitha. In: Contributions to Austria's Hydrography Issue 62, Vienna 2014. PDF download , accessed on July 16, 2020.
5. ↑ Excerpt from the Josephinische Landesaufnahme
6. ↑ Oskar Spangl: My hometown, history and description of Steinebrunn . Self published in 1957
7. ↑ Jednání sněmů moravských v letech 1792-1835 p. 188
8. ↑ Analysis of the current situation in the municipality of Poysdorf - natural space, agriculture, environmental situation, horticulture - P2 | Spatial development planning , November 2018
9. ↑ Contribution to the knowledge of the distribution of Coenagrion ornatum (SÉLYS, 1850) in the Weinviertel, Lower Austria (Odonata: Coenagrionidae) .