Poštorná

Poštorná
Basic data
State :	Czech Republic
Region :	Jihomoravský kraj
District :	Břeclav
Municipality :	Břeclav
Area :	2176 ha
Geographic location :	48 ° 45 '  N , 16 ° 52'  E Coordinates: 48 ° 44 '54 "  N , 16 ° 52' 11"  E
Height:	160  m nm
Residents :	5,038 (2011)
Postal code :	691 41
License plate :	B.
traffic
Street:	Břeclav - Reintal Břeclav - Valtice
Railway connection:	Břeclav – Hrušovany nad Jevišovkou Boří les – Lednice

Church of the Visitation of the Virgin Mary

School and bust of Comenius

Rectory

Poštorná station building

Poštorná (German Unterthemenau ) is a district of the city of Břeclav ( Lundenburg ) in the Czech Republic . It is located one and a half kilometers southwest of the city center of Břeclav and belongs to the Okres Břeclav .

geography

Poštorná is located on the right side of the Thaya relief arm ( odlehčovací rameno Dyje ) - at the confluence of the Včelínek brook ( Niklasgraben ) - in the Dolnomoravský úval ( southern March basin ). The Boří les ( Theimwald ) extends to the west and south . The Thayaauen to the north of the village are protected as the Niva Dyje Nature Park . By Poštorná leading national road I / 55 between Břeclav and Reintal that of the in the center I / 40 to Valtice ( Feldberg branches). The Boří les – Lednice railway line runs on the western edge of the village, the Vienna – Břeclav railway line to the southeast and the Břeclav – Hrušovany nad Jevišovkou railway line to the south . The Poštorná and Boří Les railway stations are located in the cadastral area .

Neighboring towns are Ladná ( Rampersdorf ) in the north, Břeclav in the northeast, Pohansko and Lanžhot ( Landshut ) in the southeast, Bernhardsthal in the south, Reintal, Katzelsdorf , Boří dvůr ( Theimhof ) and Schrattenberg in the southwest, Valtice in the west and Hlohovec ( Bischofswarth ), Nový dvůr ( Neuhof ) and Charvátská Nová Ves ( Oberthemenau ) to the northwest.

history

The village of Teymenaw , located at the foot of the Theimwald , was first mentioned in 1359 and became extinct at the beginning of the 15th century. In the Liechtenstein land register of 1414, Teymenov was described as a desolate village.

Around 1533, Hartmann von Liechtenstein , the owner of the Feldsberg estate, brought Croatian settlers from Slavonia and Vojvodina into the country; During this time Poštorná, Charvátská Nová Ves, Hlohovec, Alloh, Göltsching, Königsbrunn and other Croatian villages emerged. The first written mention of the new village took place on November 25, 1539 in Hartmann's will under the name Unndern Krabatn ( Dolní Charváty ). In 1543 Unndern Krabatn consisted of 18 properties. Shortly after the foundation, a branch church of the Feldsberg parish was built in the village . Since the German-speaking pastor appointed was unable to speak the language of the locals, the Lords of Liechtenstein had another Catholic clergyman brought from the homeland of the settlers. The church village Unndern Krabatn soon grew to become the largest and most populous of the Croatian villages.

In the Feldsberger land register of 1570 the place is listed as Unter-Crobotentorff ; Alloh ( Alach ), Göltsching ( Kelčinky ) and Königsbrunn ( Könnig ) had already been given up at this time. The place was later referred to as Unndern Teymenau and Unter- Themau . In 1635 the Passau diocese founded a parish in Unter-Themaau . Bischofswarth was repared to Feldsberg in 1783. Emperor Joseph II forced the Passau diocese to renounce its parishes in Lower Austria by a contract dated August 4, 1784; as part of the district Unter dem Manhartsberg , the parish Unter-themau came to the Archdiocese of Vienna . During this time, the brewery near the church was converted into a school. In 1830, a flood of the Thaya left severe damage, several houses collapsed. In November 1831, 50 people in Unter-Themaau died of cholera . The village remained in the possession of the House of Liechtenstein for over 300 years. In the course of time the Croatian population assimilated with the inhabitants of the neighboring Moravian Slovakia , a mixture of Czech, Slovak, German and Croatian was spoken; Some Croatian surnames have been preserved.

In 1833 the in consisted quarter below the Manhartsberg on the border with Moravia located and only by the Thayaauen from Moravian market town Lundenburg separate Gassendorf sub-Themenau of 127 houses, where 871 people lived. The population consisted mainly of well-funded farmers who mainly cultivated grain and oats on the sandy soils and traded in grain. Cattle breeding took place only to a limited extent, since from the beginning of summer the cattle could only be fed from the forest pastures in the alluvial forest and the fertile meadows there were very exposed to the floods of the Thaya. The Theimwald served as a princely zoo and was walled. The poorer residents lived from fishing. The parish, which was subordinate to the Staatz dean's office , the parish church of the Visitation of the Virgin Mary and the school were under the patronage of the manor . Eight wooden bridges led across the Thaya to Lundenburg. The morgue was outside the village. Unter-Themaau was the parish and school location for Ober-Themaau , three princely Unterjäger houses and a single-shift wagon lubrication distillery. Until the middle of the 19th century, Unter-Themaau remained subject to the Fideikommissherrschaft Feldsberg .

After the abolition of patrimonial Unter-Themaau formed a community in the judicial district of Feldsberg from 1849 . From 1853 to 1867 the village belonged to the Feldsberg district and from 1868 to the Mistelbach district . The industrialization of Unter-Themaau began in the 1860s . Isaak Rosenbaum and Johann Bittner built a malt house in 1861. Between 1866 and 1867, the Princely Liechtenstein Court Chancellery had test drillings carried out on lignite on Unter-Themaauer Fluren; an extensive clay deposit was found west of the village on the edge of the Theimwald. Prince Johann II then founded the Johann Prince of Liechtenstein pottery factory in 1867 . In 1869 the community had 1,175 inhabitants and consisted of 194 houses. In the years 1871–1872 the Lundenburg-Nikolsburg- Grußbacher railway was laid out through the Theimwald; as a railway line was the Landshuterallee - one of the main Baroque avenues that straight Feldberg east over the Thaya to Landshut in Moravia used - led. As a result, the wall around the Theimwald was torn down in 1872/73. In 1880 the population had grown to 1711, ten years later it was already 2639. In the censuses during this period, most of the inhabitants are given as Slovak . In 1884 the Bohemian company A. Schram built a sulfuric acid and artificial fertilizer factory south of Unter- Themaau , at which the Theimwald train station (now Boří Les ) was built later . The malt house burned down at the turn of the century, but was rebuilt. At that time, Prince Johann II had the town center redesigned by the princely house architect Carl Weinbrenner : between 1895 and 1898 the Church of the Visitation of the Virgin Mary was replaced by a new building and the cemetery moved to the western edge of the town. With the park around the church, a new central square was created, where Weinbrenner also built a new parsonage and in 1906 the Red School - all decorated with the famous colored glazed Themau bricks. On the local railway Lundenburg – Eisgrub , built in 1901 , a station building was built on the western edge of the town - in front of the pottery factory - which is also a work of Weinbrenner. Bahnhofstrasse was laid out from the church square to the train station. In 1900 there were 3426 people living in Unterthemenau ; In 1910 there were 3679. On November 4, 1906, the boys' school , known as the Red School because of its facade design, began teaching. The language of instruction was German although only 35 of the 700 children who attended school belonged to the German ethnic group; beforehand the children of the German minority were educated in the Moravian town of Lundenburg.

After the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy, the newly founded Czechoslovakia claimed the Lower Austrian areas on the Lundenburg-Grußbacher Railway in 1918 . As a result of the Treaty of Saint-Germain , Unterthemenau was incorporated into Czechoslovakia on July 16, 1920 together with Feldsberg, Oberthemenau, Bischofswarth and the Theimwald. By assigning the land ceded to Czechoslovakia by the cadastral communities Bernhardsthal and Reintal , the cadastral district Poštorná increased from 1572 ha to 2216 ha. The community Poštorná was assigned to the judicial district Břeclav / Lundenburg and the district Hodonín / Göding . During this time, the new location Malá Poštorná was created. At the census of 1921, 3860 people lived in the 586 houses in the village, including 3503 Czechs and Slovaks, 285 Germans and six Jews. Poštorná / Unterthemenau was elevated to a minority town ( městys ) on February 5, 1924 . In the mid-1930s, light bunker lines of the Czechoslovak Wall were built in and around the place . In 1930 Poštorná / Unterthemenau consisted of 723 houses and had 3853 inhabitants; In 1939 there were 3230. On September 2, 1937, the Parish Poštorná was spun off from the Archdiocese of Vienna and assigned to the Diocese of Brno .

After the Munich Agreement , the market community was added to the Greater German Reich in 1938 and belonged to the Nikolsburg district until 1945 . In 1939, Unterthemenau was merged with Oberthemenau to form a municipality of Markt Themenau . In the Theimwald - southwest of the station of the same name - the Lundenburg-Unterthemenau army ammunition facility was built during the Second World War ; the area of ​​the Muna had an area of ​​approx. 100 hectares and was developed with dozens of kilometers of siding. The Muna was guarded by an SS-Totenkopfverband under the command of Sturmbannführer Adolf Weiss. The Theimwald labor camp, consisting of two large barracks, was located near the Muna , the facade of which was adorned with the slogan Arbeit macht frei . It was divided into two camps: Theimwald A with approx. 200 prisoners as a branch of the Stein prison and the East Workers' Camp Theimwald B , in which 260 women and 60 men were housed in two separate departments. In addition, there was a forced labor camp for Hungarian Jews at the brickworks from 1944 to February 1945. On April 21, 1945, the Red Army under Colonel General Schumilow, after fierce fighting with the retreating 8th Army under General Kreysing, took Unterthemenau and the Theimwald. The Red Army occupied the Muna and had it blown up. After the end of the war, Poštorná returned to Czechoslovakia and the old municipal and district structures were restored. Most of the German-speaking residents were expelled . In the course of the territorial reform of 1948, the community was assigned to the newly formed Okres Břeclav . In 1950 Poštorná had 3,073 inhabitants.

On January 1, 1974 it was incorporated into Břeclav . During this time, the new housing estate Sídliště Čs was built on the north-western outskirts . armády . The socialist housing construction was continued in the 1980s with the prefabricated housing estate Na Valtické , the urban and functional with Poštorná and the Sídliště Čs. Armády is connected, but is located in the cadastral area of ​​Charvátská Nová Ves. The Iron Curtain ran south of the Boří les until 1990 . In the 2001 census, there were 5,304 people in the 1137 houses in Poštorná.

Local division

The district Poštorná consists of the basic settlement units Boří les, Díly, Poštorná, Průmyslový obvod Poštorná, Štěpnice and Tatran. The district forms a cadastral district.

Attractions

• Neo-Gothic Church of the Visitation of the Virgin Mary , it was built between 1895 and 1898 on behalf of Prince Johann II by the Liechtenstein court architect Carl Weinbrenner in place of a previous building from the 16th century. The interior fittings of the church and the sacristy also come from Weinbrenner's pen. For the construction, 200 different types of glazed and unglazed bricks as well as facing bricks were manufactured by the Princely Liechtenstein'schen Thon- und Ziegelwaarenfabrik ; The green glazed roof tiles are a specialty. The consecration took place on July 3, 1898.
• Rectory, the building erected at the end of the 19th century stands on a high brick plinth closed off by a cornice. It was decorated with elements of Art Nouveau in 1909 by Carl Weinbrenner . The gable mosaic shows a couple in podluzak festive costume bowing to the Virgin Mary. Today the city library is located in the building.
• Red School , built 1902–1906 on behalf of Prince Johann II based on plans by Carl Weinbrenner. The two-storey building with a three-pronged floor plan is decorated on its north-east facing main facade between the two turrets with an attic with the coat of arms of Poštorná and shells. The facade is designed with colored clinker bricks from the Princely Liechtenstein clay and brick ware factory . Today the building is used as a primary school.
• Bust of Comenius, in front of the Red School
• Statue of St. Florian, in the park by the church
• Statue of St. John of Nepomuk, in the park by the church
• Poštorná station building, built in 1901 according to plans by Carl Weinbrenner. The facade is designed with colored bricks from the Liechtenstein pottery factory.
• Boří les ( Theimwald )

Major companies

• PKZ Keramika Poštorná as : founded in 1867 by Prince Johann II as a pottery factory Johann Prince of Liechtenstein . Under the princely building director Carl Weinbrenner , the Princely Liechtenstein clay and brick ware factory reached its heyday. He built numerous buildings using colored clinker bricks and roof tiles. One of the prestige objects are the roof tiles for St. Stephen's Cathedral .
• Fosfa as, founded in 1884 by August Schram as a sulfuric acid and artificial fertilizer factory

Sons and daughters of the place

• Ottokar Tomaschek (1881–1952), teacher and local researcher, founder of the Joslowitz Local History Museum
• Albin Kurtenacker (1886–1962), German chemist
• Vladimír Prorok (1929–2014), Czechoslovak apparatus gymnast and trainer

literature

• Historický lexikon obcí České republiky 1869–2005 , part 1, p. 630

Web links

• History of Charvátská Nová Ves and Poštorná on the website of the Charvatčané Ensemble
• Subtopics in the South Moravia Wiki

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Katastrální území Poštorná: podrobné informace , uir.cz
2. ^ Franz Xaver Schweickhardt : Representation of the Archduchy of Austria under the Ens.-Viertel under Manhartsberg . 7th volume: Sebarn bis Zwingendorf, Mechitharisten, Vienna 1835, pp. 93–95
3. ↑ Pivovar a Sladovna
4. ^ Zdeněk Novák: Eisgrub-Feldsberg in Moravia. An important document of landscape design in Central Europe . In: Die Gartenkunst 6 (1/1994), pp. 89-104 (89).
5. ^ Zatloukal: Die Kulturlandschaft , p. 64.
6. ↑ Chytilův místopis ČSR, 2nd updated edition, 1929, p. 1016 Posluchau - Potěhy
7. ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Nikolsburg district. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006). 
8. ↑ KVH Moravský Žižkov: Poštorenská továrna na smrt
9. ^ KVH Moravský Žižkov: Koncentračního tábor Theimwald
10. ↑ Základní sídelní jednotky , uir.cz
11. ↑ Farní kostel P. Marie Navštívení
12. ↑ Fara v Poštorné
13. ↑ Budova školy v Poštorné
14. ↑ Poštorenské nádraží