Mills in the Horlofftal

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There are numerous mills in the Horlofftal . These mills in the Horloff valley in Hesse are water mills .

Mill locations in the Horlofftal

The mill locations are listed in the direction of flow of the Horloff through Vogelsberg and Wetterau :

History of the mills in the Horlofftal

Already in the Carolingian era , the Hersfeld Abbey received property from imperial estates in the north-eastern Wetterau and the adjacent northern areas. Hungen and Laubach became the centers of the "Hersfelder Mark".

In the 12th century, the Vogt of the Hersfeld Monastery, Kuno I von Munzenberg , received half of all rights of use in the area around Ruppertsburg . The Hersfelder Mark included Villingen, Nonnenroth and the later deserted cell. After the Munzenbergs died out in 1255, the area was inherited by the Lords of Hanau and the Counts of Falkenstein . After the Falkensteiner died out, the inheritance fell to the Counts of Solms .

Mill near Gonterskirchen

On June 1, 1324, a mill "under the rectory" in Gonterskirchen is mentioned for the first time. Like the Utpher mill , it came into the possession of the Counts of Solms-Laubach and became an hereditary mill .

Smelting mill

The mill got its name from the "Schmelz", as the Friedrichshütte was called. It is said to have been a flour mill since 1699. It was also owned by Solms-Laubacher. With the construction of the iron foundry from 1707, the miller could no longer have sufficient water. The previous tenant Gaul was replaced by the hammer operator Neuburger in 1709. Gaul became a subsequent tenant. The mill was finally given up around the middle of the 19th century.

Henriettenhof

The "Henriettenhof" near Ruppertsburg was built in 1706/07. It was named after the wife of Count Friedrich Ludwig von Solms, Sophie Henriette. The count had acquired the mill in 1814. In 1741 it was operated as a grinding, beating and fulling mill. It was later expanded to become a paper mill. In 1848 the mill had two grinding aisles and an oil mill. Today the farm is a riding stables.

Zellmühle near Villingen

The starting point cell was south of the cell mill. The cell was originally owned by Hersfeld. The villages of Nieder-Bessingen , Nonnenroth , Röthges and Villingen belonged to the Mühlenbann Mühlsachsen in 1448, but came under the Mühlenbann of the then newly built cell mill in the 15th century. The cell is first mentioned in a document in 1290. In 1462, Count Otto II zu Solms-Braunfels had the cell or Johannismühle built on the site of the old town, but it was no longer inhabited since 1476. Therefore, the mill ban went back to Mühlsachsen. The cell mill was not rebuilt until 1580 and expanded as a hammer mill in 1680. The last miller, Helmut Graf, closed the grain mill in 1978. The water rights associated with the mill were returned.

Obermühle near Villingen

The former forest smithy near Villingen was built as a replacement for the fallen cell mill. The mill ban changed again from Mühlsachsen to Villingen. After the cell mill had been rebuilt, the subjects of the court were free to choose whether they had the grind in the cell or in the upper mill.

Obermühle (Hungen)

The upper mill was rebuilt under Count Bernhard II von Solms-Braunfels. The Hungarians were their mealtimes. In the 19th century it had guests from Langsdorf. Later it was also called "Old Mill" to distinguish it from the

Neumühle (Hungen)

The Neumühle was first mentioned in 1550. It was also called Johannis or Untermühle. It was converted into a hammer mill in 1629.

Under mill

The farm is on the left bank of the Horloff south of Hungen. The mill was built in 1630 and inherited.

Mill in the zoo

After Uhlhorn there was a third mill, which stood in the zoo near Hungen and was built in 1702. All residents of the Hungen office were among the meal guests.

Riedmühle (near Inheiden)

In 1727 the Riedmühle is mentioned. In 1846 the Riedmühle was owned by the miller Dietz. The mill was a grinder and oil mill.

The Inheiden waterworks was built in 1911. In this context, the Riedmühle was sold to the Grand Duchy of Hesse for 70,000 marks. Mill operations were stopped at the same time.

Yard grass

In 1347 Johann von Bellersheim sold the "Ritmole" for "Grass" to Philipp the Elder von Falkenstein.

In 1357 the rights and validity of the mills at Graß, Langd, Reckenhausen (desert near Langd), Ulfa and Weitershausen (desert near Rodheim) went to Gottfried VII the Younger from Ziegenhain. The mill was lent in succession in 1503. The mill was given to the Rau von Holzhausen in 1530 as a Hessian fief. This family also held the Imperial Water Court.

In 1830 a static-topographical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse mentions the mills on the Horloff and its tributaries in Gonterskirchen, Rodheim near Hungen and at Hof Graß.

Neumühle at Trais-Horloff

To the east of Lake Trais-Horloffer, Neumühle is located on the historical border between the County of Solms-Laubach and the Landgraviate of Hessen-Darmstadt . In 1699 it was decided to build the "Neumühle", which was later also called "Stellwagmühle". On July 1, 1700, the imperial water court determined the construction of a new weir and the water level. The mill was driven by an undershot water wheel. In 2015 the mill was closed, but its equipment is still completely intact.

Utpher Mill

On May 20, 1263 Guntram von Oliffe sold his goods including a mill in Odiffe to the monastery Haina . Since 1587 the mill was awarded by the Count of Solms-Laubach in Erbleihe. Around 1857 there was also an oil mill here , which was operated until 1894. The Utpher mill was shut down in 1972.

Grund-Schwalheimer mill

The Grund-Schwalheim farm and mill are on the eastern bank of the Horloff. Together they form today's district of Echzell. This mill, like the one at Utphe, was owned by the monastery. Since 1215, the Augustinian canons Schiffenberg owned the yard and mill. After the canons' monastery Schiffenberg was dissolved in 1323, the property of the women's monastery cell (Schiffenberg) on ​​the mill, namely the right to graze and the right of the miller to wood, was retained. Rights existed to the delivery of the "Mel" and "Grundbaum" from the Markwald Berstadt . The prerequisite was that the forester of the Markwald and the Berstädter mayor allowed this. On August 14, 1323, the Teutonic Order came into the possession of the mill and farm Grund-Schwalheim. The mill was not given up until the second half of the 20th century.

Bilgesheim Mill

The "Bilgesheimer Mühle" near Bingenheim is named after the desert of the same name , a place that existed there. She belonged to the diocese of Mainz and her miller was one of the five "water cradles" of the imperial water court in the Wetterau. The water judgment lasted until the end of the Holy Roman Empire . The former Bilgesheimer Mühle is now a riding stables (Bingenheimer Mühle).

In Berstadt in the 15th century a water mill was built on the Zingelbach, also known as the Waschbach, a right tributary of the Horloff.

On the western edge of the middle Horlofftal there were windmills in Gettenau , Wölfersheim and Weckesheim . The latter two were under the rule of the Counts of Solms-Braunfels .

Conditions and problems of the use of hydropower

The low slope of the Horloff in the Wetterau required a sophisticated system of water management. From the mouth of the Langder flood ditch at Trais-Horloff (129 m above sea level) to the mouth of the Nidda (119 m above sea level) on 19.5 km, the difference in altitude is only 10 m.

In the wisdom of the Fulda Mark of 1434 it was regulated that the millers were not allowed to dump the water from the Saturday Vespers until after the Sunday service. Even the milling fee of the miller was fixed.

Calibration posts were driven in at the weirs to determine the height of the water gradient on the mill wheels. This was u. a. again precisely regulated in the wisdom of 1611. This was monitored by the imperial water court in the Wetterau.

In the 19th century the waterweed became a plague. The places on the lower reaches of the Horloff commissioned "meadow guards" with the uprooting of the "Wild Gauls," the popular name for the water plague. In 1937 the Gießen Cultural Office ordered the clearing out of the Horloff and the streams flowing to it in this area.

literature

  • Georg Heinrich Melchior, Mühlenrecht and Mühlenpraxis using the example of the Solms-Laubach "Guntherßkircher" Erbmühle under the rectory. In: MOHG NF 82 (1997), pp. 137-275.
  • Eugen Riess; Willy Roth, Berstadt. Times and People, Vol. 1, Rockenberg 2004, therein: From monastery property to independent place: Grundschwalheim, pp. 208-218.
  • Udo Schwab, Wolfgang Wagner, Stephan Kannwischer, old mill locations in the Upper Wetterau. Volume I, Hungen 2005.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Ferdinand Dreher, The Testament of Angelus de Sassin, olim civis in Frideberg. In: Friedberger Geschichtsblätter 1 (1909), pp. 35–57.
  2. ↑ Georg Heinrich Melchior, Mühlenrecht und Mühlenpraxis using the example of the Solms-Laubach "Guntherßkircher" Erbmühle under the rectory. In: MOHG NF 82 (1997), pp. 137-275.
  3. ↑ Philipp Debus, From trade and traffic in the Ruppertsburg area, Laubach and the surrounding area in earlier times, Ruppertsburg 1958, pp. 1-5.
  4. ^ Philipp Debus, Gewerbe Ruppertsburg, pp. 22–24.
  5. ^ "Henriettenhof, District of Giessen". Historical local dictionary for Hessen. (As of February 17, 2014). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS) ..
  6. ^ Georg Wilhelm Justin Wagner , Wüstungen, pp. 121, 172.
  7. ^ Friedrich Uhlhorn, quoted in n. Historical from the Hungener Land, p. 17.
  8. ^ Wagner, Wüstungen, p. 172.
  9. ^ Friedrich Uhlhorn , quoted in n. Historical from the Hungener Land, p. 17.
  10. ^ Friedrich Uhlhorn, quoted in n. History from the Hungener Land, p. 16.
  11. ^ Friedrich Prokosch, Hungen. 1982, p. 274.
  12. ↑ Acta eruditorum Anno MDCCXXVII publicata. Edited by Johann Grosse II., P. 375.
  13. ↑ Riedmühle near Inheiden  in the German Digital Library .
  14. ↑ Wagner, Statistisch-topographisch, p. 239.
  15. ^ Georg Wilhelm Justin Wagner, The desertions in the Grand Duchy of Hesse. With a supplementary beginning by F. Knöpp (Vol. 1–3). Darmstadt 1854-1865, p. 261 f.
  16. ^ Wagner, Wüstungen Hessen Oberhessen, p. 238.
  17. ^ Wagner, Wüstungen Hessen Oberhessen, pp. 282–285.
  18. ↑ Ludwig Baur, Hessische Urkunden I, No. 922.
  19. ^ Landgrave regests online.
  20. ↑ Waldemar Küther , MOHG 40 NF p. 7.
  21. ^ Georg Wilhelm Justin Wagner, Static-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse. Darmstadt 1830, p. 129, 24 f, 101.
  22. ↑ Udo Schwab, Wolfgang Wagner, Stephan Kannwischer, old mill locations in the Upper Wetterau. Volume I, Hungen 2005, p. 56 ff.
  23. ↑ Udo Schwab, Mühlen Hungen, p. 41.
  24. ↑ Udo Schwab, Mühlen Hungen, pp. 47–51.
  25. ↑ Arthur Wyss (archivist) , "Document Book of the Deutschordens-Ballei Hessen", 1. Vol. 1207-1299, 2. Vol. 1300-1359, ND 1965, here: 1. Vol. No. 1345
  26. ↑ Eugen Rieß; Willy Roth, Berstadt. Times and People, Vol. 1, Rockenberg, therein: From monastery property to independent place: Grundschwalheim, pp. 208-218.
  27. ↑ Arthur Wyss, 2, No. 447.
  28. ↑ Georg W. J, Wagner, Wüstungen im Großherzogtum Hessen, p. 245 f.
  29. ^ Heinrich Bott, The Imperial Water Court in the Wetterau. In: WGBll 9 (1960), pp. 79-86, p. 84.
  30. ↑ Windmills in Hessen. In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
  31. ^ Jacob Grimm , Weistümer V. Göttingen, 1866, § 7 f, p, 322 ff.
  32. ^ Jacob Grimm, Weistümer III, p. 466.
  33. ↑ Eugen Rieß; Willy Roth, Berstadt. Times and People, Vol. 2, Rockenberg 2004, pp. 100-109.