Mündener stacking right
The Münden stacking right was a right of the city of Münden to the goods of merchants passing through on the rivers Weser , Werra and Fulda, which existed from 1247 . The goods had to be offered for sale to the citizens of Münden for three days. The stacking right in Münden is one of the oldest documented stacking rights. It helped the place to an economic boom, which gradually lost its importance as a trading center after the abolition of the law in 1823.
Origin and conflicts
Münden, first mentioned in a document in the 12th century, originated in the confluence triangle of the Werra and Fulda to the Weser. The Weser tributaries were navigable from Wanfried (Werra) and Kassel (Fulda). The northernmost point of shipping from Münden was Bremen . In the 13th century , Münden was under the rule of the Ludowingers under the Thuringian Landgrave Heinrich Raspe IV. After his death at the Wartburg in 1247, which made his family extinct, the city came under the rule of Brunswick Duke Otto I. He awarded Münden in a document of March 7, 1247 the stacking right, so that the city is "improved" in terms of economic development . The term staple right is not literally included in the document from 1247, which is considered a forgery from 1319. The city became wealthy through the privilege of staple rights. It is reflected in many magnificent buildings, such as the Münden Town Hall , the St. Blasius Church and hundreds of richly decorated half-timbered houses.
In the Middle Ages, there were hardly any disputes about the Münden stacking law . Only in the 16th century did it lead to conflicts with the Hessian landgraves , whose subjects were affected when their goods were transported up the Weser. Landgrave Wilhelm IV then brought an action against Duke Erich II and the city of Münden before the Reich Chamber of Commerce in Speyer in 1578 . The process lasted for centuries and was not over until the court was dissolved in 1806. To bypass Münden, the Hessian Landgrave Karl planned to circumnavigate the river via the Diemel and a canal at the end of the 17th century . This created Karlshafen as a new port city. In 1823 the right of stacking was abolished by the Weserschifffahrtsakt .
Scope and goods
The stacking right as the right of the city of Münden applied to all foreign goods that passed through the city on the shipping routes. Due to a loading and unloading ordinance, skippers and merchants who were passing through had to unload and “stack” their goods for three days at the stacking areas on the Bremer , Kasseler and Wanfrieder Schlagd . The turnover of goods could be monitored there. The goods were to be offered to the citizens for sale at local prices. In some cases, you could exempt yourself from the stacking obligation by paying a stacking fee . To enforce the stacking law, the Mündener used the natural conditions of the river courses, such as the rocky shoals of the Werrahohl in the Werra, which forced goods to be handled. Ships first had to be unloaded and could only pass the Werra unloaded with a shallow draft. In addition, through structural changes, such as weirs, the Mündener brought shipping traffic closer to the city, making it easier to control.
Since boatmen and merchants from Münden were exempt from the stacking obligation, long-distance and forwarding trade developed into the dominant business branch of the place. The increasing shipping traffic in the 16th century led around 1580 to the fact that the city fortified the banks of the Werra and Fulda on the western and northern outskirts of the old town and expanded them into Schlagden . For the storage of goods on the Schlagden, the city raised a so-called Schlagdgeld.
In the 16th century, Münden was the most important trading town up to Bremen due to the Weser trade . After there mainly came woad from Thuringia . The goods handled in Münden were entered in the Schlagdregister. According to the register, there were the product groups food, textiles, leather, chemicals and drugs, wood, metal and ores as well as glass and pottery. Down the Weser, products from the hinterland such as textiles and canvas from Hesse, glassware, pottery products, iron, melting pots from Großalmerode and millstones from Münden were transported. Up the Weser, mainly fish, butter, cheese, tallow, soap and leather came to Münden.
The custom of the annual Mündener stacking festival still reminds us of the right to stack . It takes place in the historic town hall of Münden with a historic staple meal and a drinking time.
literature
- Fritz Fischer: Stacking rights and shipping in the city of Münden until the beginning of the 18th century. Dissertation, 1936.
- Johann Dietrich von Pezold: The Mündener stacking right. In: History on the Three Rivers. A glimpse into the past of the city of Hann. Münden on the Werra, Fulda and Weser. Hann, Münden 2001, pp. 40–45.
- Helmut Saehrendt: The stacking right. In: Hannoversch Münden. Interesting facts about the history of the city, worth seeing in the city. Hannoversch Münden 2002, ISBN 3-936705-09-7 , pp. 50-51.
- Joachim von Stockhausen: Hann. Münden and shipping on the Werra, Fulda and Weser. 2003, ISBN 978-3-89533-441-2 ( table of contents ).
- Johann Dietrich von Pezold: The beginnings and upswing of shipping. In: History on the Three Rivers. A glimpse into the past of the city of Hann. Münden on the Werra, Fulda and Weser. Hann, Münden 2008, pp. 48–49.
Web links
- Brief description from City of Hann. Münden
Individual evidence
- ↑ The "stacking right" in Hann. Münden ( Memento of the original from February 28, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Stacked meal with Spree Athenians in Göttinger Tageblatt of October 31, 2012
