Mint master (councilor dynasty)

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The Münzmeister family ( Munczmeystir, Munczmeister , Latin Monetarius ) was a patrician family resident in Dresden in the 14th and 15th centuries . From the family, which is one of the most influential citizens of the city, numerous councilors and mayors , but also church dignitaries, emerged.

family

The family origin is unknown. It owes its name to the original office of its members, who either operated a mint or managed the mint .

For the first time in 1307 a Nycolaus Monetarius was named as a member of the Dresden Council. In 1311 he was referred to as the former mint master . Over the course of time, the occupational title initially developed into an epithet, later the family name Münzmeister. A mint is attested in Dresden in 1414 at the Kreuzkirche . Medieval coins from this time, which are verifiably minted in Dresden, have not survived. The Dresden mint was not established until 1556.

In addition to their income from this activity or as a council member, the Münzmeister family owned extensive property in the Dresden area. Among other things, they owned six gardens on the cattle pasture from 1384 (the cattle pasture community was an early suburban settlement and later belonged to the Wilsdruffer suburb ) as well as a Freihof on Kundigengasse near the Altmarkt . In 1384 Peter Münzmeister was enfeoffed with the village of Blasewitz . In 1408 the mint master owned feudal rights to half of the Räcknitz farm , the Zschertnitz farm and vineyards in Kötzschenbroda .

Today the Münzmeisterstrasse in the Dresden districts of Zschertnitz and Mockritz commemorates the Münzmeister family .

Significant members

Nicolaus Monetarius

Nicolaus is mentioned for the first time as a council member in 1307. In 1311 he is mentioned as Nicolaus quondam magister monetae , but without reference to a specific mint. In 1328 and 1329 he was mayor of Dresden. He also owned the customs of Dresden as a fief and in this context concluded a contract in 1343 on the assignment of these rights to the city. His sons Peter (from 1328 to 1380) and Hans (from 1352) later belonged to the Dresden city council.

Johannes Monetarius

Johannes (Hans) Monetarius, son of Nicolaus Monetarius, owned two thirds of the litter rent in Dresden in 1349 like his father had before . The margraves Friedrich III. and Balthasar promised the brothers Hans, Peter, Pawel and Ulverich Munczmeister that they would transfer the Freiberg mint in November 1361 . In August 1362 Johannes can be proven as their operator and in November of that year Friedrich transferred the mint, the city court and the occupation of the council to Freiberg to the brothers Johannes, Paul and Peter Münzmeister, who held them until 1364. In 1366 Johannes gave his proceeds to the Dresden Frauenkirche for the creation of a Michaelis altar . At the same time he made a weekly donation of 6 groschen for the sick in the Dresden hospital . In 1370 he transferred 9 ¾ bushels of Zinskorn from the mill at Poppitz to the Michaelis altar that he had founded .

Nicholas Mintmaster

In contrast to his brothers Johannes (Hannus) and Peter, Nikolaus Münzmeister embarked on a spiritual career. At first he was pleban of the Dresden Frauenkirche and before 1358 was accepted into the Meissen cathedral chapter . As a canon he had minor benefices before he took over the dignity of the provost of Zscheila - Großenhain in 1373 . In the same year he set up a foundation and left the income from his vineyard to the Meissen Cathedral with the determination to use the proceeds for an annual church service on the feast day of St. Apollonia as well as an annual commemoration for him. Further funds were to be used for the structural maintenance and further expansion of the Meissen Cathedral.

In 1384 Nikolaus Münzmeister received the dignity of the Archdeacon of Nisan , which he held until his death on April 13, 1388. His grave is in the Meissen Cathedral, the sandstone grave slab that has been preserved has been placed on the south wall of the All Saints Chapel since 1910.

Nicolaus Munczmeister

Nicolaus is mentioned for the first time among the members of the council in 1403. In 1408 he owned together with his brothers Francz, Paule and Peter as well as other family members fiefs on half the Vorwerk Räcknitz and a vineyard in Kötzschenbroda. His brother Peter was also a member of the city council from 1410. In the following year, Hans Münzmeister, liege lord of the Zschertnitz Vorwerk, also joined the council.

Nicolaus (Nicklas) mint master

Nicolaus (also called Nickil, Nicklas ) belonged to the Dresden council from 1425 and was the son of the elder Nicolaus Munczmeister. In 1437 he took over the office of treasurer and was thus responsible for the entire city finances. A year later he was elected mayor for the first time. He performed this function every three years until 1453. Due to the connection between the mayor's office and the treasury, he had enormous power in the city. He was last mentioned in 1456 among the council members.

Hans (Johann) mint master

Hans Münzmeister ( Hans Munczmeister , also Johann ), called the younger, first studied in Leipzig and is mentioned in 1428 as Baccalaureus artium. In 1436 he was a member of the council for the first time. Ten years later he was elected mayor and also held this office in 1449, 1452, 1455 and 1458. Due to the usual three-year alternation of ruling, seated and dormant mayors and the intervening terms of office of Nicklas Münzmeister, it was possible for the city to be ruled eleven times between 1438 and 1458 by a representative of the family, a novelty in the city's early history. In 1448 Hans Münzmeister also held the important office of treasurer. In 1458 he was last mentioned as a council member.

literature

  • Sieglinde Richter-Nickel: The venerable council of Dresden , in: Dresdner Geschichtsbuch No. 5, Dresden City Museum (ed.); DZA Verlag for Culture and Science, Altenburg 1999, ISBN 3-9806602-1-4 .
  • Otto Richter: Constitutional and administrative history of the city of Dresden , Volume 1, Verlag W. Baensch, Dresden 1885

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Max Barduleck: The last years of the mint in Dresden , list of works 1865 to 1911, transpress Verlag für Verkehrwesen, Berlin 1981, p. 18
  2. ^ History of Blasewitz - accessed on January 28, 2014
  3. ^ Document book of the city of Freiberg in Saxony . In: Hubert Ermisch (Ed.): Codex diplomaticus Saxoniae regiae , 2nd main part, 13th volume . Volume II: Mining, Mining Law, Coin. Giesecke & Devrient, Leipzig 1886, p. 17 ff. (No. 890-898) ( online ).
  4. ↑ Alexandra-Kathrin Stanislaw-Kemenah: Hospitals in Dresden: From the change of an institution (13th to 16th centuries) . Leipziger Universitätsverlag, 2008, p. 88-90 ( limited preview in Google Book Search - "Alone is from the deed there does not appear that they were the occupants of the Maternihospitals, [...] can be a result of this close connection, however, more to the Materni because the Bartholomaeispital as Close recipient. […] The fact […] clearly identifies the inmates of the maternity hospital as recipients […] ”).
  5. ↑ Matthias Donath (Ed.): The grave monuments in the Meissen Cathedral , sources and materials on Saxon history and folklore, Volume 1, Leipziger Universitätsverlag, 2004, ISBN 9783937209456 , p. 266
  6. ↑ Heinrich Butte: History of Dresden up to the Reformation , in: Mitteldeutsche Forschungen, Volume 54, Böhlau Verlag, 1967, p. 104