Maʿale Adummim
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Maʿale Adummim מַעֲלֵה אֲדֻמִּים معاليه أدوميم |
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 Maʿale Adummim |
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| Territory : |
West Bank ( Judea and Samaria ) |
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| Community type : | city | ||
| Founded : | 1975 | ||
| Coordinates : | 31 ° 47 ' N , 35 ° 18' E | ||
| Height : | 450 m | ||
| Area : | 48 km² | ||
| Residents : | 37,525 (2015) | ||
| Population density : | 782 inhabitants per km² | ||
| Mayor : | Benny Kashriel | ||
| Website : | |||
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Maʿale Adummim or Ma'aleh Adumim , officially Maale Adummim ( Hebrew מעלה אדומים) is a city and Israeli settlement in Judea and in the occupied West Bank . It was founded in 1975, seven kilometers east of Jerusalem on a high plateau.
Maʿale Adummim is the third largest Israeli settlement in the West Bank with 37,670 inhabitants (as of the end of 2016) who mainly work in Jerusalem. It is 6 to 15 kilometers east of the Green Line and west of the Israeli barrier .
Surname
Maʿale Adummim, German red rise because of the reddish color of the rocks, got its name from a rise or pass mentioned in the Hebrew Bible in the Book of Joshua on the border of the territories of the tribes Judah and Benjamin ( Jos 15.7 EU and 18.17 EU ).
Legal status
According to the Israeli government, Maʿale Adummim is one of the settlements that must remain within Israel if a peace settlement with the Palestinians is found. The request of the Israeli governments in the negotiations for a two-state solution was supported by several American presidents, including Bill Clinton in 2000.
The European Court of Justice ruled on February 25, 2010 that customs duties should be levied on the import of goods manufactured in Maʿale Adummim. In the case presented by the Hamburg Finance Court , the Brita company in Maʿale Adummim had declared bottles made by Soda-Club as Israeli products and thus wanted to import them duty-free. The Hamburg customs office refused to do so, but Brita went to court without success. The judgment can be used to draw conclusions about the evaluation of Israeli settlement policy under international law by the European Union .
A poll was published at the end of May 2016, according to which 77.9% of Jewish Israelis are in favor of annexing Maʿale Adummim and only 16.3% are against transferring this status to the city.
history
Maʿale Adummim was originally a Nahal outpost and was established as a settlement in late 1975 with 23 families. In 1979 it received its own municipal administration , in 1991 it had around 15,000 inhabitants and was promoted to town.
geography
Maʿale Adummim is located at an altitude of 450 meters above sea level surrounded by the Judean Desert, east of the Palestinian cities of Abu Dis and al-Eizarijah and 7 kilometers east of Jerusalem. The settlement is located at the narrowest point of the West Bank that it divides, 13 kilometers from the Jordanian border. At its western end it is 6 kilometers from the Green Line, and at the eastern end 15 kilometers. Maʿale Adummim is connected to Jerusalem and Tel Aviv by Highway 1.
population
The majority of the population of Maʿale Adummim consists of secular Jewish Israelis, for whom the low housing prices and the proximity to Jerusalem are decisive.
In 1991 Maʿale Adummim had 15,000 inhabitants, in 2000 almost 25,000 and in 2004 the population rose to over 30,000 for the first time. At the end of 2010 it was 35,673.
The Israeli Central Bureau of Statistics gives the following population figures for Ma undale Adummim in the censuses of June 4, 1983, November 4, 1995 and December 28, 2008:
Year of the census 1983 1995 2008 Number of inhabitants 5380 19,300 33,821
Project E-1
Plan E-1, presented by Ariel Sharon , envisages building the area between Maʿale Adummim and Jerusalem and thus connecting the settlement with Jerusalem. The plan has been criticized by the Palestinian Authority , US Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice and President George W. Bush and others. That is why Sharon decided not to build on it. The Obama administration described Project E-1 as a threat to the two-state solution. However, many Israeli politicians - such as Prime Ministers Ehud Olmert and Benjamin Netanyahu - repeatedly expressed in interviews that the settlement itself was an integral part of Israel.
In the meantime, preliminary work has been carried out with an estimated volume of 40 million euros, e.g. B. a bypass road was built and a police station set up in the area. In the convergence plan presented by Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Olmert in 2006 , Maʿale Adummim belongs to one of the three large settlement areas across the Green Line in the West Bank that Israel claims for itself.
The peace plan of the US President Donald Trump also provides that Maʿale Adummim comes to Israel through an exchange of territory.
Land question
The Israeli peace organization Shalom Achshaw published a study in November 2006, according to which 86.38 percent of the land in Maʿale Adummim is Palestinian private property and therefore should not have been built there under Israeli law. The Israel-friendly US non-governmental organization Committee for Accuracy in Middle East Reporting in America (CAMERA) then accused Shalom Achshaw of a number of errors and, on the basis of files of the Israeli military, which had to be published through a petition by Shalom Achshaw, concluded that that only 0.5% of Maʿale Adummim was built on private Palestinian land, whereupon Shalom Achshaw also had to correct his figures. According to CAMERA, all the cases complained of are state-owned land for which private rights of use have been restricted and not private property.
See also
literature
- Yitzhak Magen: The Monastery of Martyrius at Ma'ale Adummim. A guide. Israel Antiquities Authority, Jerusalem 1993, ISBN 965-406-013-2 .
Web links
- Unofficial website (English)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Settlements in the West Bank. Foundation for Middle East Peace, archived from the original on September 4, 2014 ; accessed on June 25, 2012 .
- ↑ Archived copy ( Memento from May 17, 2018 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Martin Klingst: The struggle for Palestine. 2000 - Clinton . In: Die Zeit , No. 18/2004
- ↑ Dispute over settlement areas. Soda Club verdict exposes Israel . Spiegel Online , February 25, 2010
- ↑ Foreign Policy. Scam with the label . Spiegel Online , July 13, 2009.
- ↑ Julia Amalia Heyer, Nicolas Richter: When it comes to sparkling wine, the pressure counts. in: Süddeutsche Zeitung. No. 157, of July 11, 2009, p. 3.
- ↑ 78% of Israelis support uniliteral annexation of Ma'ale Adumim, poll finds . The Jerusalem Post, May 31, 2016.
- ^ A b Rena Rossner: Growing to Jerusalem. In: Jerusalem Report. June 14, 2004, accessed July 26, 2012 .
- ^ The Hidden Agenda. The Establishment and Expansion Plans of Ma'ale Adummim and their Human Rights Ramifications. (PDF; 3.2 MB) B'Tselem, December 2009, p. 54 , accessed on July 23, 2012 .
- ↑ Statistical Abstract of Israel 2010, No. 2.15. CBS, archived from the original on September 4, 2018 ; Retrieved July 18, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Central Office for Statistics
- ↑ a b Israeli settlement construction. The dangerous E-1 plan . In: FAZ , May 29, 2009
- ^ Settlements 'violate Israeli law' . BBC , November 21, 2006
- ^ Rory McCarthy: 39% of Israeli settlements 'on private land' . ( The Guardian , November 22, 2006)
- ^ Breaking the Law in the West Bank . Archived from the original on July 25, 2009 ; accessed on May 9, 2017 . (PDF) Shalom Achshaw , accessed on January 17, 2009
- ↑ Yair Sheleg: 40 percent of settlements were built on Palestinian country . ( Memento of June 7, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Haaretz , November 21, 2006; Retrieved January 16, 2009
- ^ Nadav Shragai: Blow to settlement movement . Haaretz, November 21, 2006; Retrieved January 16, 2009
- ↑ Tamar Sternthal ( CAMERA ): Peace Now's margin of error Wildly inaccurate report raises questions about organization's credibility ( Ynetnews / Yedioth Ahronoth , March 21, 2007)
- ↑ Nadav Shragai: Peace Now: 32% of land held for settlements is private Palestinian property , Haaretz . March 14, 2007. Retrieved July 6, 2009.
- ^ Peace Now's Report on Settlement Land . CAMERA November 22, 2006; Retrieved January 16, 2009
