Judea and Samaria
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מְחוֹז יְהוּדָה וְשׁוֹמְרוֹן (מחוז יהודה ושומרון) Judea and Samaria
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| Basic data | |
| Country | Israel |
| Capital | Ariel |
| surface | 5.878 km² |
| Residents | 407118 (only Jewish residents, 2015) 2,835,000 (mid-2015) |
![Judea and Samaria: Israeli settlements; Status 2006, for more recent map see [4]](https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:Westbankjan06.jpg) As of 2006, for more recent map see |
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Judea and Samaria ( Hebrew מְחוֹז יְהוּדָה וְשׁוֹמְרוֹן Mechos Jehuda we'Schomron , English Judea and Samaria ) is the Israeli name for the West Bank . It is used in the official statistics for the areas of the West Bank and the Israeli settlements established in it that have not been declared and annexed by Israel as part of Jerusalem .
The 5878 square kilometer (including 220 km² water) area was lost in the Six Day War (1967) by Jordan and the Arab coalition and has been under Israeli military administration ever since . It has a total population of 2,835,000 people (2015). The Jewish residents, who numbered just over 400,000 at the end of 2010, are usually Israeli citizens and subject to Israeli military and civil law. The city administrations, regional and local associations are responsible for the local affairs of the Jewish settlers . The Arab population, around two million, is not included in Israel's Judea and Samaria statistics. It is subject to Palestinian self-government and partly under Israeli military civil administration.
The names Yehuda and Shomron go back to the Jewish Bible . The hill area south of Jerusalem is referred to as Yehuda (Greek and Latin Judea ) in the Jewish Bible , while Shomron (Greek and Latin Samaria ) is the area north of the city. Judea and Samaria as the designation for the whole area is documented in the Christian Bible and was used, also in reverse order, in Europe and North America in the 19th century.
The Judea and Samaria area is not part of the State of Israel. According to international law, it no longer has a legitimate status of nationality since the end of the First World War and has not developed a status as an independent state structure since then. In the UN partition plan of 1947 , the area was offered to the Arab majority population as part of the Arab state to be created in Palestine , but was rejected by the latter because it claimed the entire area of Israel. The area was annexed by Jordan in violation of international law in 1948 and was under Jordanian military administration until June 1967. According to international law , it continues to be regarded as occupied territory today (now occupied by Israel). In 1988, Jordan waived its possible claims to the territory in favor of the PLO .
According to international law based on the decisions of the International Court of Justice and the United Nations , the territory is occupied by Israel and the Israeli settlements that have arisen are illegal, even if the Israeli government does not recognize this. After prior consultation with the new US administration under Donald Trump , the Knesset passed the so-called regulatory law on February 6, 2017 , which legalizes 4,000 Jewish homes in Judea and Samaria under Israeli law .
geography
The area of Judea and Samaria is located west of the Jordan and covers 5860 square kilometers. It extends from north to south over a length of 120 kilometers and has an average width of 40 kilometers. The lowest point is 408 meters below sea level, the highest at 1022 meters ( Tall Asur ). It consists of limestone hills running in a north-south direction, called the Samarian hills north of Jerusalem, the Judean hills and the Judean desert to the south , with an average height of around 800 meters, which slope down to the Jordan Valley and the Dead Sea in the east , as well as the Jordan Valley . The western and southern Judean Hills do not belong to the area of Judea and Samaria , but have been part of the State of Israel since 1948.
structure
The area is divided into eight military administrative units, which encompass the regions around the larger Palestinian towns and are referred to by Hebrew , mostly Biblical names. In mid-2011 there were 224 Jewish settlements, around a hundred of which are illegal under Israeli law. With the exception of East Jerusalem and the surrounding area, which has been annexed by Israel, the settlements are organized into six regional administrations , thirteen municipal administrations and four municipal administrations .
| Military administrative units | Regional administrations: Mo'azot Asoriot מוֹעָצוֹת אֵזוֹרִיּוֹת (מועצות אזוריות) |
Local government: Mo'azot Mekomiot מוֹעָצוֹת מְקוֹמִיּוֹת (מועצות מקומיות) |
City councils : Irijot עִירִיּוֹת (עיריות) |
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administration
The area is under military administration and is under the Central Command (West Bank Division ) of the Israeli Armed Forces . The military administration as a civil administration (English administration civil ) is called, is de facto assumed only the Palestinian majority of the population, while civilian Israeli law applies to the Jewish minority in the Israeli settlements, which is also in Israel within the Green Line can be enforced . The regional associations and the respective city and local administrations are responsible for local matters.
Designations
Mekhoz Yehuda ve'ha'Shomron has been the official name for the area in Israel since shortly after the Six Day War in June 1967. Initially, it was rarely used and it was not until 1977, after the Likud party took power, that it established itself in Israel, first in the right-wing political spectrum and later beyond. In German, the term West Bank , sometimes also West Bank , in English West Bank is used. The correct under international law term that of the international community and international organizations, including the United States , UN and EU is used in official documents is the occupied Palestinian territories (english The Occupied Palestinian territory / territories , actually The Palestinian territory occupied since 1967 ), which also includes East Jerusalem, annexed by Israel. The Israeli government denies that it is occupied territory and only recognizes the applicability of the Hague Conventions and not the Fourth Geneva Convention to the area.
In the Hebrew Bible, Jehudah (Greek and Latin Judea ), the name of the settlement area of the tribe of Judah and the kingdom of the same name , is traced back to the name of the hill area south of Jerusalem ( Jos 20.7 EU ; 21.11 EU ). Shomron (Greek and Latin Samaria ), the name for the area north of the city of Jerusalem, goes back to the capital of the short-lived northern kingdom of Israel , which, according to biblical tradition, was built on land that had been acquired by a certain Shemer ( 1 Kings 16 , 24 EU ). Under Roman rule, Judea and Samaria with Galilee formed the three administrative units into which Palestine was divided. Correspondingly, the designation Judea and Samaria is documented in the New Testament ( Acts 1,8 EU ). In the nineteenth century, in European and North American parlance, it became established, also in reverse order, as a geographical name for the area then under Ottoman rule. The name was adopted by Great Britain , which had secured control of historic Palestine . In the United Nations partition plan for Palestine of 1947 , “the hill country of Samaria and Judea” was envisaged as part of the Arab state.
Web links
- Jonathan Kaplan: The Territories. The Jewish Agency, accessed December 22, 2011 .
- JS Riggs: Studies in Palestinian Geography. II. Judea. In: Chicago Journals. The University of Chicago Press, 1894, accessed December 22, 2011 .
- JS Riggs: Studies in Palestinian Geography. IV. Samaria. In: Chicago Journals. The University of Chicago Press, 1894, accessed December 22, 2011 .
- CBS, Statistical Abstract of Israel 2010. 2 Population, Geographical Distribution of the Population. Israel CBS, p. 29 , accessed March 16, 2012 .
- Challenges in Defining an Israeli-Palestinian Border . Documentation from the New York Times
Individual evidence
- ^ [1] , Arutz Sheva
- ^ Population by District, Sub-District and Religion. Israel Central Bureau of Statistics, 2010, accessed December 8, 2011 .
- ↑ a b c Land Expropriation and Statistics. B'Tselem, accessed December 8, 2011 .
- ^ The West Bank: Settlements and the Separation Barrier. (PDF; 6.9 MB) B'Tselem, June 2011, accessed on December 27, 2017 (English, map as of June 2011).
- ↑ Israel announces new apartments in the West Bank DW online, May 24, 2018
- ↑ Israel wants to build new apartments in the West Bank ZEIT online, May 24, 2018
- ^ Nils Metzger: West Bank: The unwavering settlers of Kiryat Arba. In: The time. September 20, 2011, accessed December 8, 2011 .
- ↑ RESOLUTION 66/78 of the UN General Assembly, u. a. with reference to decisions of the ICJ. December 9, 2011, accessed April 16, 2015 .
- ^ Israeli Settlements and International Law. Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs, May 2001, accessed December 8, 2011 .
- ↑ "Israelis“ have the legal right to settle in Judea and Samaria and the establishment of settlements cannot, in and of itself, be considered to be illegal, ”the committee's report said. Furthermore, no legal entity – including Jordan–“ has ever had its sovereignty over [Judea and Samaria] cemented under international law, ”according to the report, meaning that the classical definition of“ occupation ”cannot be applied to West Bank Jewish communities” Legal Panel Frames New Debate on Judea, Samaria Jewish Development . In: Jewish Identity . Algemeiner.com. Retrieved July 25, 2012.
- ↑ Charles A. Compatriot: Netanyahu's lawyers consider settlements to be legal . In: Der Tagesspiegel , July 10, 2012.
- ↑ Jeffrey Helmreich: Diplomatic and legal aspects of the settlement question. In: The Jerusalem Question, Issue 2, No. 16, January 19, 2003.
- ↑ Israeli MP thanks Trump for helping legalize Jewish settlements. In: Israel Today , February 7, 2017
- ↑ Itay R. Livna: Knesset passes regulatory law: 'A new day is dawning for Judea and Samaria'. In: haolam.de , February 7, 2017
- ^ Elisha Efrat: The West Bank and Gaza Strip. A geography of occupation and disengagement. Routledge, New York, 2006, pp. 9-10 , accessed March 16, 2012 (English).
- ↑ https://milog.co.il/ מוֹעָצוֹת_אֵזוֹרִיּוֹת
- ↑ https://milog.co.il/ מוֹעָצוֹת_מְקוֹמִיּוֹת
- ↑ https://milog.co.il/ עִירִיּוֹת
- ↑ Gush Etzion Regional Council (מועצה אזורית גוש עציון)
- ↑ The HAR HEVRON REGIONAL COUNCIL (Hebrew: מועצה אזורית הר חברון)
- ↑ Mateh Binyamin Regional Council (Hebrew: מועצה אזורית מטה בנימין)
- ↑ Regional Council MEGILOT REGIONAL COUNCIL (Hebrew: מועצה אזורית מגילות)
- ↑ Shomron Regional Council (Hebrew: מועצה אזורית שומרון)
- ↑ Shomron Regional Council (Hebrew: מועצה אזורית שומרון)
- ↑ Bik'at HaYarden Regional Council (Hebrew: מועצה אזורית בקעת הירדן)
- ↑ rtr: Israel. Government plans to expand Jewish settlement. In: welt.de , March 10, 2008
- ↑ cl: Israel: Netanyahu rejects settlement freeze. In: The time. June 1, 2009, accessed December 8, 2011 .
- ↑ Dietmar Herz: Palestine. Gaza and West Bank; History, politics, culture. Beck's series . Ed .: CHBeck Verlag. 2003, ISBN 3-406-49452-8 , pp. 20 ( online [accessed January 18, 2012]).
- ^ West Bank. In: Encyclopædia Britannica, Online. Retrieved December 16, 2011 .
- ^ Occupied Palestinian Territory. European Union, accessed December 8, 2011 .
- ^ Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights on Palestinian territories occupied since 1967. (No longer available online.) UNO, OHCHR, archived from the original on December 3, 2011 ; Retrieved December 8, 2011 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ David Kretzmer: The Occupation of Justice. The Supreme Court of Israel and the Occupied Territories . Ed .: SUNY Press. 2002, ISBN 0-7914-5338-3 , pp. 40 ( online [accessed December 27, 2011]).
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^ Israeli Settlements and International Law. Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs, May 2001, accessed December 8, 2011 . Geneva Convention of August 12, 1949 on the Protection of Civilians in Time of War (with annexes), Part III, Sections I and III. Swiss Confederation, August 12, 1949, accessed December 8, 2011 .
- ↑ Samaria. In: Encyclopaedia Judaica . Volume 17, Macmillan Reference USA, Detroit 2007, pp. 716f. , accessed December 27, 2011 .
- ↑ Judea. In: Encyclopaedia Judaica . Volume 11, Macmillan Reference USA, Detroit 2007, p. 523 , accessed December 27, 2011 .
- ^ Philologos: The Battle Over 'Judea and Samaria'. In: The Jewish Daily Forward. January 27, 2006, accessed December 8, 2011 .
- ↑ United Nations General Assembly Resolution 181 Nov. 29, 1947. (No longer available online.) The Avalon Project at Yale Law School, archived from the original on Oct. 29, 2006 ; accessed on December 22, 2011 (English). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
