Magnus of Denmark
Magnus of Denmark (born August 14, 1540 ; † March 18, 1583 at Pilten Castle in Pilten ) was Prince of Denmark and Norway , Prince and titular Duke of Schleswig and Holstein , Bishop of Ösel-Wiek (1560–1572), Courland (1560 –1583) and Reval (1560–1583), as well as designated King of Livonia from 1570 to 1577.
biography
Magnus was the third son of King Christian III. von Denmark and Dorothea von Sachsen-Lauenburg and brother of King Friedrich II. of Denmark .
Johann von Behr was entrusted with the administration of Magnus' goods.
On April 12, 1573, Magnus married Marie von Stariza (approx. 1560-1610), daughter of Prince Vladimir von Stariza and niece of Tsar Ivan IV in Novgorod . They had an only daughter Eudoxia (1581–1588).
Magnus died in poverty as he gave away the entire dowry of the Tsar's niece to his friends and appointed daughters. He led a wild life and left his wife and daughter in dire straits.
King of Livonia
During the Livonian War, in 1570, the Russian Tsar Ivan the Terrible appointed Duke Magnus von Holstein to be King of Livonia. A land built by Tsar Ivan IV from fragments of the property of the broken Livonian Order to protect the borders of Russia and to conquer new lands .
King Magnus received an army of 25,000 so that he could conquer lands for the Tsar. Ivan was particularly interested in Reval , which was part of Sweden at the time. The castle of Põltsamaa became the residence of King Magnus. His war camp was on a nearby hill. This is still called Kuningamägi (Königsberg) today.
Since Magnus was playing a double game with the King of Poland Stephan Báthory and could not conquer Reval, Ivan the Terrible became angry and sent his army to Estonia to destroy the kingdom. Magnus and his wife, Princess Maria Wladimirowna Staritskaja, fled to Riga to the Poles by boat.
ancestors
| King Christian I (1426–1481) | |||||||||||||
| King Friedrich I (1471–1533) | |||||||||||||
| Dorothea of Brandenburg-Kulmbach (1430–1495) | |||||||||||||
| King Christian III (1503–1559) | |||||||||||||
| Johann Cicero Elector of Brandenburg (1455–1499) | |||||||||||||
| Anna of Brandenburg (1487–1514) | |||||||||||||
| Margaret of Saxony (1449–1501) | |||||||||||||
| Magnus of Denmark | |||||||||||||
| Johann IV of Saxony-Lauenburg (1439–1507) | |||||||||||||
| Magnus I of Saxony-Lauenburg (1470–1543) | |||||||||||||
| Dorothea of Brandenburg (1446–1519) | |||||||||||||
| Dorothea of Saxony-Lauenburg (1511–1571) | |||||||||||||
| Heinrich I of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel (1463–1514) | |||||||||||||
| Katharina of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel (1488–1563) | |||||||||||||
| Catherine of Pomerania (d. 1526) | |||||||||||||
literature
- Karl Heinrich von Busse: Duke Magnus, King of Livonia. A princely picture of life from the 16th century . Leipzig 1871 ( e-copy ).
- Richard Hausmann : Magnus, Duke of Holstein, Bishop of Oesel and Courland, Administrator of Reval Monastery, King of Livonia . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 20, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1884, pp. 66-68.
- Bernhard Stasiewski: Magnus, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 15, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1987, ISBN 3-428-00196-6 , p. 665 f. ( Digitized version ).
- Ursula Renner: Duke Magnus von Holstein as vassal of Tsar Ivan Grozny in: Norbert Angermann (Ed.): Germany - Livonia - Russia. Their relationships from the 15th to 17th centuries, Verlag Nordostdeutsches Kulturwerk, Lüneburg 1988 ISBN 3-922296-35-1
Web links
| predecessor | Office | successor |
|---|---|---|
| Moritz von Wrangel |
Bishop of Reval 1560–1583 |
secularized |
| Johann von Münchhausen |
Bishop of Courland 1560–1583 |
secularized |
| Johann von Münchhausen |
Bishop of Ösel-Wiek 1560–1572 |
secularized |
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Magnus of Denmark |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Magnus of Oldenburg; Magnus of Schleswig-Holstein |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Bishop of Ösel-Wieck and Courland, King of Livonia (1570–1577) |
| DATE OF BIRTH | August 14, 1540 |
| DATE OF DEATH | March 18, 1583 |
| Place of death | Pilten |