Malterer (noble family)

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Family coat of arms of the Malterer

The Malterer men were a noble family based in Freiburg im Breisgau , which died out in the male line in 1386.

origin

Maurer sees Mr. Malterer as an aristocratic family that has risen from the merchant class.

history

With Konrad Malterer (" Cuonrat der Malterer ") the family of the Malterer men appears for the first time in a document from 1303. This Konrad was a member, " the old 24 ", of the city council of Freiburg, to which he belonged in 1337. In a document from the Freiburg hospital dated May 8, 1336, he was first named "Cunrat the Old" and a year later on May 16, 1337 as "Her Cunrat Malterer". From this it can usually be seen that someone has been awarded the knighthood, which Kindler von Knobloch, however, doubts.

Ascent

The Malterers were among the wealthiest families in Freiburg in the 14th century. In addition to the cities of Freiburg and Endingen , their debtors also included high-ranking noble families such as the Counts of Freiburg , the Counts of Fürstenberg , the Counts of Tübingen , the Margraves of Hachberg , the Lords of Uesenberg , the Lords of Geroldseck , the Lords of Staufen , the Lords of Falkenstein , the monasteries of St. Peter , St. Märgen and even the Abbot of Einsiedeln . Their prosperity gave them access to aristocratic circles. Johannes Malterer, the son of Cunrat the old man , is finally referred to as a knight in a document dated November 25, 1352 .

The sons of Cunrat Malterer were Henni Malterer der Kramer, a citizen of Freiburg, who was married to an Else (first mentioned on February 28, 1337) and Peter Malterer. Henni and Else had a son named Peter. Whether Johannes Malterer was the son or the brother of Cunrat Malterer is not clear. Johannes Malterer, who was nicknamed Mezziger, was a member of the Freiburg city council. It is first mentioned in a document on April 11, 1317. A document dated February 1, 1323 speaks of "Johann Malterer the Mezzier". According to Kindler von Knobloch, this surname is not a job title, but rather indicates a relationship to a gender of this name. Schweizer assumes that Johannes was one of the city's 24 market jury, each of whom had to oversee one of the benches, i.e. the stalls, and that Johannes was probably the butcher's. Johannes appears in the council of Freiburg from 1324 to 1350.

Kindler von Knobloch suspects that Johannes Malterer was extremely wealthy at an early age. Not only that he appears as a lender in numerous documents, but also the subsequent marriage of his descendants provide clear evidence of this. A tapestry that has been preserved to this day and donated to the Adelhausen Monastery by Johann Malterer and his sister Anna (documented as a nun of the Freiburg Dominican convent of St. Katharina) shows the importance of this family. This painter's carpet is exhibited today in the Augustinian Museum. Johannes was married to Gisela von Kaisersberg from an old Alsatian noble family. On January 21, 1356, he bought their share in Falkenstein Castle from the Meinwart , and on July 11, 1356, he bought the Hochberg Castle with the “Vorhoff and buwhoff” from Margrave Heinrich von Hachberg , Herr zu Kenzingen and his wife Anna von Uesenberg “Together with the Hochberg rulership for 220  silver marks . The marriage contract of his daughter Elisabeth with the margrave Otto von Hachberg from July 12, 1356 gives an insight into how extensive this rule was; In addition to the aforementioned castle, these included the villages, farms, people, goods, rights, income, forests, in particular:

  • St. Peterswald, the Jungwald, the commons above Sexau, the Moos, the Hochberg, the Schlechthart, the Tettenbach, the long shrub
  • "Belonging" and bailiwick in: Malterdingen, Heimbach, Mundingen, Köndringen
  • Courts, goods, validities and rights in: Bahlingen, Denzlingen, Mundingen, Niderndorf, Berchtoltsfeld, Glimpenheim, Walawinkel, Maleck, Wöpplinsberg, Krumbach, Korben, Witenbühel, Aspen, Brunnen, Ottoschwanden, Schalabrunnen, Mussbach, Glashausen, Reichenbach
  • Zwing, ban and courts in: Nortprechtsberg, Höfen, Bilstein, Altenkeppenbach, Gerlisberg, Theningen, Emmendingen, Windenreuthe, auf dem Wald, Endingen, Lützelwalde, Eymatt, Lohe, Zaismatt, Ebersbach, Eberstal, Mühlebach, Thesmer, Reichenbach and Sexau

In addition, Johannes and the margrave agreed on the marriage of his daughter Elisabeth to the margrave Otto von Hachberg, for which Johannes Malterer added a marriage tax of 480 silver marks. In addition to Elisabeth (Lisa † June 22nd), the daughter Margaretha ( dicta de Bluomneg - † March 16) and his son Martin Malterer are also known . It is possible that the aforementioned Anna, Katharina and Gerdrut were his daughters. The necrology of the Günterstal Monastery also lists a " Gisala Malterin dicta de Uesenberg " who died on February 4th, and a " Gisela Maltererin dicta de Stouffen " who died on August 20th. How these are to be classified is unclear. In 1353, his father-in-law Otto von Hachberg and Johannes Gib , a member of an old Freiburg noble family, appear at a foundation owned by Johannes . On December 21, 1354, Johannes bought the castle and lordship of Kastelburg for his son Martin together with the city of Waldkirch and the mayor's office from Mr. Hans von Schwarzenberg for 2140 silver marks.

Johannes Malterer died on February 17, 1360 and was buried in Günterstal Monastery. After the death of the spouse, the knight carers Mr. Hesse Snewelin in the courtyard, Mr. Johans Snewelin and Mr. Dietrich von Falkenstein , bought the village of Betzenhausen for them and their children for 22 marks silver from the hospital on June 19, 1360 and on August 8, 1365 from the Lords of Blumegg the Alt-Urach Castle in Lenzkirch for 500 silver marks.

Martin Malterer, the son of Johannes, knew how to further develop the status of the Malterers. His father had laid the foundation for this as early as 1254 with the purchase of the castle and lordship of Kastelburg together with the city of Waldkirch and the mayor's office. There were also other acquisitions. He was married to Anna von Thierstein , the daughter of Count Walram von Thierstein. The marriage resulted in three daughters: Margaretha (later married to Caspar von Klingenberg), Gisela (married to Walraff the younger von Thierstein ) and Lisa (died single). As the son of one of the richest families, he had a steep career behind him. As early as 1368 he was called a knight, and from 1380 he worked as governor in Alsace and Breisgau for Duke Leopold von Oesterreich, who, according to an untenable legend, is said to have been his biological father.

During the war between the city of Freiburg and Count Egino von Freiburg , Martin Malterer formed a protective alliance with Margrave Otto von Hachberg, Heinrich von Geroldseck-Tübingen, Heinrich von Geroldseck-Lahr, the brothers Johann and Hesse von Uesenberg and Johann von Schwarzenberg with Count Egino von Freiburg. The actual covenant, however, must have consisted of more members. This emerges from the letters of atonement of March 30, 1368. The nobleman Hanmann von Weissweil, Ulrich Walther, Otto and Gottfried von Staufen, Count Simon von Thierstein and Walther von der Dicke are named as allies of the Count of Freiburg.

Downfall

The battle of Sempach brought an abrupt end to the young noble family. Martin Malterer was given the honor of leading the Freiburg battle banner. He paid his loyalty to the Habsburg dynasty on July 9, 1386 in the fateful battle with death along with around 400 other nobles on the Habsburg side. Standard bearer Martin is said to have protected the dying Leopold von Habsburg , as his body was found lying over the Duke's.

In the battle of Sempach, Martin's sister Elisabeth also lost her husband Otto von Hachberg, whereupon the margraviate of Baden-Hachberg fell back to the brothers of her deceased husband, Johann and Hesso , for 1,500 silver marks . Elisabeth had Otto buried in the Tennenbach Monastery . She later married the knight Johann von Blumeneck. According to the Necrologium Güntersthalense , she died on July 26th. Martin's daughter, Margareth, was betrothed to Heinrich, the son of Margrave Hesso von Hachberg, and was to receive 700 silver marks and 1/4 of the Heidburg fortress as a dowry. But when Heinrich died shortly after the marriage agreement, Margareth married the knight Caspar von Klingenberg . Another daughter of Martin is said to have been married to a Herr von Tengen and another to a Herr von Creuz in Burgundy.

The castle and the manor of Kastelburg also had to be sold after Martin's death. With Martin, the Malter family died out in the male line.

Family coat of arms

The coat of arms of the Malterer family shows two golden shells above in blue in the divided shield, and below in silver and red divided by rafters. A helmet cover in the same colors as a helmet ornament, but only a shell on top and a white shuttlecock as a helmet ornament. The painter's carpet shows this coat of arms in color.

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ s. Heinrich Maurer: Origin of the nobility in the city of Freiburg i.Br .. In: Journal for the history of the Upper Rhine, Volume 44 (NF 5), 1890, p. 493 ( digitized in the Internet Archive )
  2. ↑ s. Heinrich Schreiber (editor): Document book of the city of Freiburg , 1828, Volume 1, Department 1, p. 169 ( digital copy of the Freiburg University Library )
  3. ↑ s. Julius Kindler von Knobloch: Upper Baden gender book , Heidelberg 1919, Volume 3, pp. 11-14 ( digitized from Heidelberg University Library )
  4. ↑ s. Joseph Trouillat (editor): Monuments de l'histoire de l'ancien évêché de Bâle. Volume 4, Porrentruy (1861), p. 43, certificate 14 ( online at the Bayerische Staatsbibliothek )
  5. ↑ s. H. Maurer (editor): Archives from the cities of the district of Emmendingen. In: Communications of the Baden Historical Commission No. 7, in: ZGORh 40, 1886, p. M 67, Certificate 7 ( digitized in the Internet Archive )
  6. ↑ s. Julius Kindler von Knobloch: Upper Baden gender book , Heidelberg 1919, volume 3, p. 11 ( digitized version of the Heidelberg University Library )
  7. ↑ s. Hermann Schweitzer: The picture carpets and embroidery in the municipal antiquities collection in Freiburg im Breisgau. In: Schau-ins-Land , Volume 31 (1904), p. 51 ( digitized version of the Freiburg University Library )
  8. ↑ our-royal-titled-noble-and-commoner-ancestors.com: Sir Johannes Malterer, Councilman of Freiburg , accessed on June 25, 2011
  9. ^ Josef Jakob Dambacher : Documents on the history of the Counts of Freiburg (addendum). In: Journal for the History of the Upper Rhine, Volume 20, 1867, p. 456 ( online in the Google book search )
  10. ^ Necrologium Güntersthalense - Necrologia Germania, Tomus IS 303
  11. ^ Necrologium Güntersthalense - Necrologia Germania, Tomus IS 299
  12. ^ Necrologium Güntersthalense - Necrologia Germania, Tomus IS 298
  13. ^ Necrologium Güntersthalense - Necrologia Germania, Tomus IS 304
  14. ^ Necrologium Güntersthalense, in Monumenta Germaniae historica - Necologia Germania, Tomus IS 298
  15. ↑ s. Heinrich Maurer: Origin of the nobility in the city of Freiburg i.Br .. In: Journal for the history of the Upper Rhine, Volume 44 (NF 5), 1890, p. 495 ( digitized in the Internet Archive )
  16. ↑ s. Josef Jakob Dambacher: Documents on the history of the Counts of Freiburg (addendum). In: Zeitschrift für die Geschichte des Oberrheins, Volume 20, 1867, p. 469, footnote 61 ( online in the Google book search )
  17. ↑ s. Josef Jakob Dambacher: Documents on the history of the Counts of Freiburg (continued). In: Journal for the History of the Upper Rhine, Volume 16, 1864, p. 202 ( online in the Google book search )
  18. ↑ s. Julius Kindler von Knobloch: Upper Baden gender book , Heidelberg 1919, volume 3, p. 12 ( digitized version of the Heidelberg University Library )