Manuel Viegas Carrascalão

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Manuel Viegas Carrascalão (born October 24, 1901 in Machados, São Brás de Alportel , Portugal ; † October 1977 in Portugal) was a Portuguese anarchist who was exiled to the colony of Portuguese Timor , where he became the ancestor of the influential Carrascalão family .

Life

Manuel Viegas Carrascalão was born in 1901 in the Portuguese Algarve in a poor family. The parents were Manuel Viegas Carrascalão and Maria Faustina Cavaco , who came from Alosno, Spain .

At the age of twelve he became an apprentice in the typesetting of Manuel Fagundes de Almeida. This is where the local weekly newspaper Ecos do Sul was born . Manuel Fagundes was later arrested for political reasons and the newspaper had to close on November 20, 1913. Carrascalão moved to a typesetting company in Lisbon and became a journalist and trade unionist. As a result, he came into conflict with the Portuguese dictatorship of the Estado Novo . In 1920 and 1922 he was arrested for bomb attacks. In December 1924, Carrascalão was released under pressure from the Confederação Geral do Trabalho (CGT), the Federação das Juventudes Sindicalistas (FJS) and the Sindicatos Junto ao Poder .

In 1925 Carrascalão became general secretary of the FJS, the anarchist syndicalists, and in January he took part in a rally of the CGT in Portimão . He was one of the most active participants in the first youth conference from March 22 to 30, 1925 in Lisbon, which was organized by the FJS. In April there was a dispute with the deputy secretary of the FJS. Manuel Augusto Vasconcelos Silveira resigned from his office on the grounds that he displeased Carrascalão's attitude, who caused collective power to be the origin of collective power and who decided everything alone. On May 1st, Carrascalão took part in the actions of the CGT on May 1st in Setúbal , but was arrested again in the same year for a bomb attack and accused of membership in the Red Legion (Legião Vermelha) . He was incarcerated in Forte de Monsanto in Benfica . It was a government retaliation after the murder of Ferreira do Amaral , the commander of the civil police in Lisbon, on May 15. In September 1926, Carrascalão was sentenced by a military court to six years in exile as a member of the Red Legion. In December, the judgment was confirmed by the Supreme Court.

On April 14, 1927, Carrascalão was deported to Portuguese Timor with 63 other convicts on board the Pêro de Alenquer . The trip led via Cape Verde , Portuguese Guinea (where some prisoners disembarked) and Mozambique . After arriving in Timor on September 25, 1927, Carrascalão was imprisoned in Ai Pelo prison but was released in 1928 due to good conduct. He was to spend his further exile in Venilale , where he taught Portuguese and earned his living as a carpenter and bricklayer. Here he met the young Timoresin Marcelina Guterres and married her, which was considered inappropriate by the Portuguese colonial rulers. The marriage resulted in 14 children.

The deportee Arnaldo Simões Januário founded the Aliança Libertária de Timor shortly after his arrival in Timor in 1931 , which had connections to the Federación Anarquista Ibérica (FAI) and published an anarchist newspaper. Carrascalão took part in the movement and was therefore arrested in November 1933 and deported with his family and other accused to the Timor island of Atauro . Manuel Carrascalão , his third child , was born here in the same year . His brother Mário was born again as the fifth child on the island of Timor in Uai-Tali-Bu'u . Shortly afterwards, the father began to work on the state farm Granja Eduardo Marques in Suco Leotala , near Liquiçá . In 1941 he had established himself as a foreman.

In 1942 the Japanese occupied Portuguese Timor. Instead of fleeing, Carrascalão turned against the occupiers. At the beginning of the year he was arrested by the Japanese along with Sargento Mortágua, the local administrator, and the missionary Padre Madeira. Carrascalão freed himself four days later. From January 30, 1943 he was a member of the coluna de voluntários under the command of Lieutenant "Liberato". Carrascalão was captured again by the Japanese and imprisoned for two years in an internment camp, where the rest of the Portuguese civilian population also spent the period of occupation. Japan capitulated in August 1945. At the end of September, Portugal regained control of their colony. Carrascalão was rehabilitated and he and his family were allowed to return to Portugal along with Governor Manuel de Abreu Ferreira de Carvalho and 160 other Portuguese on board the ship Angola . On February 15, 1946, Angola reached Lisbon. This was followed by a reception by the dictator Salazar , who, however, wanted Carrascalao to return to Timor. In return, Carrascalão received the Granja Eduardo Marques as a gift, which he restructured and renamed the Fazenda Algarve . Carrascalão also bought the Quinta do Anjo farm and gave it to his wife to make her economically independent.

The Fazenda Algarve with 386 hectares is still family-owned today. As a large landowner, Carrascalão grew coffee, rubber and tea here. He became a respected member of the colony's society. In 1953, Carrascalão founded the Associação Comercial, Agrícola e Industrial de Timor (ACAIT).

In 1975 Carrascalão had to go to Portugal for medical treatment because of lung cancer. The Carnation Revolution had overthrown the dictatorship, and Portuguese Timor was in preparation for independence. The sons Carrascalão Manuel, Mário and João founded the União Democrática Timorense (UDT), which competed with FRETILIN for political leadership. The UDT tried to take power in the coup, but was defeated in the brief civil war with FRETILIN. The three brothers had to flee to the Indonesian West Timor . On November 28th, FRETILIN unilaterally proclaimed the independence of East Timor . On December 7, Indonesia began the open invasion of East Timor, citing an alleged UDT call for help.

Manuel Viegas Carrascalão died on Rua Monte Olivete 15 , second floor on the right, in Lisbon in October 1977.

The children of Manuel Viegas Carrascalão

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l Portal Anarquista: CRONOLOGIA PROVISÓRIA DE MANUEL VIEGAS CARRASCALÃO (1901-1977) , accessed on September 4, 2016.
  2. ↑ a b c d e José Ramos-Horta: Funu. East Timor's struggle for freedom is not over! Ahriman-Verlag, Freiburg 1997, ISBN 3-89484-556-2
  3. ↑ Vadim Damier and Kirill Limanov: History of Anarchism in Timor Leste , November 16, 2017. , accessed November 8, 2018.
  4. ↑ Sapo: Prisão do Ai Pelo, “preservar a ruína e construir um museu local” , June 4, 2012 , accessed on May 29, 2016
personal data
SURNAME Carrascalão, Manuel Viegas
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Portuguese anarchist
DATE OF BIRTH October 24, 1901
PLACE OF BIRTH Machados, Sao Brás de Alportel , Portugal
DATE OF DEATH October 1977
Place of death Lisbon, Portugal