Maria (ship, 1881)

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Maria
Maria in the Deutsches Museum
The Maria in German Museum
Ship data
flag GermanyGermany Germany
Ship type Fishermen
home port Finkenwerder
Shipyard H. Sietas, Cranz
Launch 1880
Whereabouts Object in the Deutsches Museum
Ship dimensions and crew
length
19.22 m ( Lüa )
width 5.96 m
Draft Max. 1.8 m
 
crew min. 2
Rigging and rigging
Rigging Ketch
Number of masts 2
Number of sails 6th
Sail area 175 m²
Others

The sailing ship Maria with the fishing license number HF 31 is a wooden fisherman that was built in 1881 and has been on display at the Deutsches Museum in Munich since 1958 . The ship is the oldest surviving specimen of its type of ship, it was in operation for 70 years and was mainly used to catch sole and plaice . As a material source, the ship is in very good condition; its history is well documented, so that it can illustrate an important part of the history of Finkenwerder's deep-sea fishing .

1881 to 1904

The Ewer Maria was built in 1880 at the Hamburg Sietas shipyard in Cranz . The ship's measurement certificate was issued on December 4, 1880. On March 9, 1881, Johann Bahde was registered in the shipping register . The number 31 was assigned again, because the skipper Bahde had already registered a ship with the same name in 1869. With the implementation of the International Treaty on Fisheries in the North Sea of 1882, the ship was marked with the fishing number HF 31 for Hamburg-Finkenwerder 31 from June 1884 . On May 26, 1901, probably at Karkmess , Johann Bahde sold the ship to the fisherman Johann Heinrich Lübben. On June 11, 1901, Lübben lost his team in a storm in front of List . His best man Heinrich Adolf Querfeld and the boy Johannes Nicolaus Brass were washed overboard by a falling sea and drowned. In November 1904 Lübben had an accident in front of the Kugelbake with the ship Martina , whereby the Maria was slightly damaged. In October 1905 Lübben sold the ship to the two fishermen Winter (1881–1953) and Meyer (1881–1956). Winter had previously sailed with Lübben on the Ewer Welle <HF60>.

1904 to 1951

The fishermen Winter and Meyer founded a Mackschaft , which is a special expression for the fact that the boat belonged equally to both of them and that both of them also used it as a working tool. In order to be able to acquire the Ewer, Winter and Meyer received an interest-free loan from the Reich Office of the Interior for 3,000 marks , which they had paid back by 1917.

There were accidents on the Elbe in 1912 and 1913, respectively. In April 1912 the Maria collided with the steamer Triton . Winter and Meyer received 340 marks as compensation. In June 1913 there was a collision with an excavator barge . The damage to the stem was repaired by the Hamburg State Shipyard. Winter and Meyer received 50 marks for their loss of earnings for the three days the Ewer was in the shipyard. In April 1922 the ship suffered another accident with a dredger barge.

In 1924, the now 45-year-old Ewer was one of the last to be motorized. Winter and Mayer had a 30 hp engine installed by Deutsche Werke Berlin . For this they had to go into debt with 7,800 gold marks. On June 16, 1930, the boat lying in the port of Heligoland was rammed by another ewer and sank. The following day the boat was salvaged and poorly repaired. It was then transferred to Finkenwerder for repairs.

During the Second World War , the ship and crew were drafted into the Navy and should take part in the Sea Lion operation . From April 1, 1941, it and its crew were released from the navy and used again for fishing.

1951 until today

In 1951 the Ewer was taken over by a Hamburg merchant. He had the engine removed and wanted to restore the ship to its original condition. For this he brought it to Beidenfleth . There it came into the hands of the landlord of the Beidenflether Fährhaus after a short time, who made no further investments.

The Deutsches Museum was looking for another central exhibit besides the U 1 for the Sea Vessels Department. In the spring of 1957, various sailing vehicles in question were inspected in northern Germany, including, at the suggestion of Gerhard Timmermann , Maria lying in Beidenfleth in the sturgeon silt . The ship was bought for 4,500 DM , poorly repaired and towed to Finkenwerder. In Finkenwerder, the Maria was then returned to its original condition at the Eckmanns shipyard, so that it was then sawn up for transport. The parts of the future exhibit were allowed to be a maximum of two meters wide, as they had to be led through the main entrance of the museum to the seagoing ship department behind. On April 13, 1957, it was loaded onto the train and traveled to Munich. The ship was rebuilt in the museum and by leaving out the front port section , visitors were given a glimpse into the logis and the Bünn . Since 1957, the Ewer has been one of the first exhibits to be noticed when entering the museum and also one of the most photographed.

Historical classification

The construction and operation of the Ewer coincided with a time of structural change in the Finkenwerder fishing fleet. The change was associated with increasing difficulties for the fishermen from Finkenwerder. From the 1890s onwards, overfishing of the Elbe had a negative impact on fishermen's profitability in such a way that they were forced to fish even in winter. Furthermore, the fishing areas were moved to the open sea. This led to the fact that the first sailors were motorized from 1910, a trend that gradually established itself in order to save time. The operation in the open sea was more dangerous, accidents at work were often fatal as the risk of being washed overboard increased. The increasing traffic on the Elbe led to more frequent accidents.

Due to the pollution of the Elbe and the long journeys, the fish previously kept alive in the Bünn could no longer be brought to Hamburg. The fish had to be stored on ice, ice had to be loaded and, as a new work step, the fish had to be removed immediately after the catch.

Triva

The replica in motion
  • The Maria (HF31) is set up in the Sea Vessel Department of the Deutsches Museum in Munich, on the ship typical regional dry clods are hung.
  • A replica, the Maria af von Hoff , has been sailing in northern waters since 1981.
  • Model kits of this ship are available, in wood and cardboard
  • A 1:25 scale model is available in the Historisches Museum Bremerhaven .
  • A somewhat younger, wooden fisherman, the Catarina , is considered to be the only specimen of her class of ship still sailing.
  • The Ewer is shown in a painting by Johannes Holst (1880–1965) from 1909 .

literature

  • Jobst Broelmann , Timm Weski: Ewer Maria, sea fishing under sails; The history of the Finkenwerder fishing "Maria" HF31 in the Deutsches Museum . Urbes Verlag, Graefelfing 1992, ISBN 978-3-924896-33-1 .

Web links

Commons : Maria  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Footnotes

  1. ↑ a b Broelmann / Weski: p. 122.
  2. ↑ Lübben had lost its previous Ewer Welle <HF60> in April 1901 in a collision with a tug on the Elbe . Broelmann / Weski: p. 130.
  3. ↑ Broelmann / Weski: p. 133.
  4. ↑ Broelmann / Weski: p. 131.
  5. ↑ Broelmann / Weski: p. 188.
  6. ↑ a b Broelmann / Weski: p. 132.
  7. ↑ Broelmann / Weski: p. 134.
  8. ↑ Broelmann / Weski: p. 136.
  9. ↑ Broelmann / Weski: p. 137.
  10. ↑ Broelmann / Weski: p. 143.
  11. ↑ Broelmann / Weski: p. 144.
  12. ↑ Broelmann / Weski: pp. 144f.
  13. ↑ Broelmann / Weski: p. 149.
  14. ↑ Broelmann / Weski: p. 153.
  15. ↑ a b Broelmann / Weski: p. 155.
  16. ↑ Broelmann / Weski: p. 98.
  17. ↑ Broelmann / Weski: p. 57.
  18. ↑ Broelmann / Weski: p. 109.
  19. ↑ Broelmann / Weski: p. 95.
  20. ↑ Broelmann / Weski: p. 96.
  21. ↑ Broelmann / Weski: p. 58.
  22. ↑ Broelmann / Weski: p. 73.
  23. ↑ For example from Klaus Krick Modelltechnick, see corresponding catalog (number 21216).
  24. ↑ Verlag Kartonwerft, model building sheet no. 11.