Catarina (ship)
 The Catarina in the port of Hamburg
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The Catarina is a wooden German fishing vessel with a black hull and white and tan-colored sails. She bears the fishing number ALT 287. She can be categorized as a traditional ship and since her extensive restoration in 1976–1978 has repeatedly received honors for the quality of her restoration and the documentary importance in relation to maritime history, for example at Operation Sail 1978 in Oslo or the rum regatta in Flensburg . The Catarina is considered to be the only specimen of her class of ship still sailing.
history
The Elbe fisherman Hans Rübcke had the Catarina built according to his own ideas in 1889 by the Johann Brandt shipyard in Neuhof near Hamburg . It should be suitable for several types of fishing in the entire course of the Elbe . Rübcke mostly fished with his hamster , but sometimes also with drift nets . In the summer months he also ran Watt fishing with bottom set nets or used at work in the Elbe estuary at Cuxhaven bottom trawls . These different types of trapping should be possible with his ship. The main fish caught were eel , sturgeon and smelt , and plaice in the Wadden Sea . After the engine was installed, crabs are said to have been caught.
The Catarina remained in the possession of the Rübcke family until 1951 . Then the cannibalized hull was resold to an unknown buyer. After it was decommissioned in 1976, it was bought by the Hamburg merchant Wolfgang Friedrichsen (* August 20, 1940; † June 22, 2004) and completely restored it. Friedrichsen bequeathed his ship to the Hamburg Maritime Foundation . The ship has been back in service since 2007 after a lengthy, renewed restoration between 2004 and 2006 and clarification of the operator concept. The Friends of the Catarina Fishing Association took over maintenance and maintenance on behalf of and in cooperation with the foundation.
Locations and fishing numbers
In the course of its history, the Catarina had several locations. Initially based in Neuhof, she moved to Altenwärder in 1919 . Here she received her fishing number ALT 287 , while she had previously had a number from the Lüneburg district . Since Altenwärder became Hamburg in 1938, this also had to be done with Catarina's number, from now on it was HF 345 . During the occupation after the Second World War , she was also given the number F 741 of the British fisheries and shipping authorities. From 1951 until the end of the service period, it had the number BX 599 due to its stationing in Bremerhaven .
With the return to Hamburg, the altenwärder fishing number was again attached to the hull, which is no longer an official fishing number today. Until the death of her owner Friedrichsen, the Catarina lay in the museum harbor Oevelgönne , after the completion of the Sandtorhafen in Hamburg's HafenCity , she has been permanently berthed there since September 2008.
Historical peculiarities
In a short phase of the Second World War, the Catarina, like many other professional vehicles, was compulsorily involved in the Seelöwe company , but survived this without damage.
restoration
As with all old ships, the question of how and to what extent the original condition of the ship could be restored also arose with the Catarina . Apart from the basic considerations, especially in the field of conservation and restoration of ships, when a ship is still the original ship, not all changes are fixed in the context of construction drawings or other written documents. In contrast to houses or works of art, in ships that are supposed to remain in service, the maintenance of function is to be rated higher than the maintenance of the substance. Due to the loads at sea, ships are exposed to much higher demands than most other monuments of any form. The following parts are named as the original substance of the Catarina in the expertise on the Elbfischer-Ewer CATARINA for the Hamburg Monument Protection Office : Part of the old bow bollard, planks in the underwater area, floor bearings, the main part of the frames and the lower part of the Bünn .
Since neither the original construction plans nor a half-model were available, an attempt was made to find as many other documents as possible before the restoration in 1976 in order to restore the original construction status as much as possible. Photos that showed the Catarina were evaluated, attempts were made to obtain further shipyard documents about the family, and interviews were conducted with people who had sailed on this ship themselves. Lack of information on specific issues should be corrected by comparing it with documents of the same about other vessels construction, as was the then last known existing ships of similar design, the Fischewer Maria HF 31, studied intensively (the Maria , even in the Deutsches Museum in Munich to visit ). The implementation of all the results obtained led to the state that is visible today. This is viewed by the operator as the closest possible approximation to the original state, which is possible, taking into account the changes required from today's point of view, such as the engine and other navigation aids, radio, etc.
Description of the ship
The body of the Catarina is a hybrid. During construction it corresponded almost completely to that of the flat-bottomed ewer . However, the Catarina did not have the usual round stern at Ewern , but an overhanging stern with a straight transom. Rübcke was obviously inspired by the then new Finkenwerder cutter . The hull is built " oak on oak", which means that the frames and the planks are made of this wood. The deck planking is made of softwood .
The Catarina wielded two swords lying one behind the other and not, as is usual, side swords . Today only a sword is wielded. In the midship area there is a loading hatch that is closed by wooden covers. Behind the mizzen mast there is a so-called night house. It is more or less a small, free-standing chest of drawers in which, in addition to the compass, smaller utensils can be stored that the helmsman might need on his watch . Directly behind the night house is a cockpit called the Versaufloch here , followed by the tiller .
In the foredeck there is the crew logis with three bunks and a coal stove, which is also used for cooking. There are benches in front of the bunks, which can also be used as storage space. A table is fixed in the middle. The logis can be reached directly through a companionway hatch in the deck . The midships space is mainly filled by the Bünn, a box flooded with water to hold the caught, still living fish. This box was necessary because back then there was no preservation with ice on the small fishing boats . This was due to the fact that there was neither space for cold rooms of the appropriate size to take ice with you (see the principle of the ice cellar ), nor the technical requirements for operating ice machines . When the ship reached the port after its fishing trip, the fish were caught with a landing net and only killed shortly before they were sold. They were then sold directly from the ship in so-called stairs (20 fish) at the fish market.
Today there are two more makeshift berths on the port side and equipment lockers on the starboard side . The engine is located in the aft part of the ship. In 1928 the ship was given a wheelhouse , presumably after the mizzen mast was cut . A flat iron engine room superstructure was placed on deck and the stern bulge was placed vertically. Other well-known major modifications were the addition of additional leeboards in the years before 1941 and the modification of the previously larger Bünn hatch with an unknown date. Finally, in 1941, the originally square chimney was planked round and the Catarina was given an iron companionway cap for lodging on the foredeck. Explicit reasons for the respective conversions are not known, they can be explained in individual cases from safety-related aspects or fashionable appearances that were tried out by the respective owner. For example, iron parts are usually easier to care for than their wooden counterparts.
It was not until 1917 that the first engine was installed in the Catarina , a Jastram petrol engine with 15 hp . In 1928 a hot-head engine of an unknown brand with 25 HP followed, in 1938 a MAN diesel engine with 75 HP. After the sale to Bremerhaven, the Catarina received a Bohn & Kähler (40 hp) as a new engine, and in 1960 a 75 hp Modag . Today a Hanomag diesel works in the hull of the ship.
The rig shape is a gaff rigged ketch . On the main mast , a top sail can be guided above the main gaff . The jib runs over a jib guide rail so that it can be operated by one person. The jib by means of a Rackringes to Nock of the jib-boom drawn and then set. In addition to the usual shrouds , the main mast is secured with backstays to prevent it from tipping forward. Over the years the Catarina had been stripped of her sails and masts more and more, until she was finally used only as a motor ship. Today she is rigged again in the assumed original condition.
See also
literature
The information in this article is based on:
- Joachim Kaiser: Expertise on the Elbfischer-Ewer CATARINA . Client: Hamburg Monument Protection Office, created on October 4, 1993.
- Gerhard Timmermann: From Pfahlewer to motor cutter . Writings of the Federal Research Center for Fisheries Hamburg. Heenemann, Berlin 1957.
- Joachim Kaiser: 90 years on the rivers - Fischer-Ewer Catarina . Appeared in The Yacht , No. 11, 1980.
Web links
- Catarina website
- Catarina website at the Hamburg Maritime Foundation
- Website of the Friends of Classic Yachts, here s. especially “standards d. Care and restoration "
Individual evidence
- ↑ Joachim Kaiser: Old ship, what now? Attempt to determine the location for ship restoration and maritime monument preservation . (PDF; 744 kB)
