U 1 (ship, 1906)
 |
||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||
.svg){kind=small}
U 1 is the first German military submarine and was putinto serviceby the Imperial Navy on December 14, 1906. Today U 1 is in the Deutsches Museum in Munich.
prehistory
After the successful test of the experimental submarine Forelle in 1902, the Reichsmarineamt, after much hesitation, commissioned the naval engineer Gustav Berling on April 4, 1904 to build a submarine for sea warfare. Berling turned to the Germania shipyard in Kiel . His design was based on the three Karp- class submarines previously exported to Russia . The boat was largely based on the patents of the Spanish engineer Raimondo Lorenzo d'Equevilley Montjustin, employed by Krupp, who had previously worked for the leading French submarine designer Maxime Laubeuf (for Laubeuf see also Narval (Q 4) ).
In order to meet the requirements of the Reichsmarineamt for the new submarine, however, some structural changes had to be made, which delayed the construction of the boat. The head of the Reichsmarinamt, Alfred von Tirpitz , requested a submarine with a displacement of 347 tons, an action radius of 1,400 nm (2,593 km) and speeds of 10.8 kn (20 km / h) over and 8.7 kn (16 km) / h) under water.
Construction and commissioning
Construction finally began in April 1905. The main innovations compared to the trout concerned - in addition to the size - mainly the pressure hull, the horizontal arrangement of the torpedo tubes and the drive. The U 1 is a so - called two - hull boat . It offered space for a crew of ten, remained under water for around twelve hours and could reach a depth of up to 30 m. In addition, for safety reasons, two 147 kW (200 HP) petroleum engines were to be used instead of dangerous petrol engines, with which they had had bad experiences up until then , which, however, had to be finished at that time. Equally powerful electric motors were also used for underwater travel. Finally, on December 14, 1906, after several test drives, the first German military submarine was put into service by the Imperial Navy as the SM U 1 . His first commandant was Lieutenant Erich von Boehm-Bezing .
Use and whereabouts
U 1 was used exclusively for test purposes and as a training boat. Home port was Eckernförde , where a submarine pier, the so-called Isern-Düker-Steg , was built to test all submarines . In 1919, like all other German submarines, it was to be destroyed or handed over. Oskar von Miller , the founder of the Deutsches Museum, was able to save the boat for the museum. The partially wrecked boat was transported to Munich in individual parts by train. It can still be viewed there as an exhibit in the Deutsches Museum.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Bodo Herzog: German U-Boats 1906–1966. Karl Müller, Erlangen 1993, ISBN 3-86070-036-7 , p. 67.
- ^ Karl Friedrich Schinkel: Eckernförde - a walk through the city's history . Publisher: Manfred Goos, Horn-Bad Meinberg, 2nd edition 2002, pages 211 ff.
See also
- SM UB 1 (coastal submarine 1915-1918)
- SM UC 1 (coastal mine submarine 1915-1917)
- U 1 (Navy, active 1935-1940)
- U 1 (German Navy, active 1962–1991)
Web links
- Information from the Deutsches Museum Munich on U1
- Ariane Stürmer: First German submarine U-1 - stuttering start for the wonder weapon , on: SPIEGEL-Online - one day, January 24, 2011.
Submarines : U 1 | U 2 | U 3 | U 4 | U 5 | U 6 | U 7 | U 8 | U 9 | U 10 | U 11 | U 12 | U 13 | U 14 | U 15 | U 16 | U 17 | U 18 | U 19 | U 20 | U 21 | U 22 | U 23 | U 24 | U 25 | U 26 | U 27 | U 28 | U 29 | U 30 | U 31 | U 32 | U 33 | U 34 | U 35 | U 36 | U 37 | U 38 | U 39 | U 40 | U 41 | U 42 | U 43 | U 44 | U 45 | U 46 | U 47 | U 48 | U 49 | U 50 | U 51 | U 52 | U 53 | U 54 | U 55 | U 56 | U 57 | U 58 | U 59 | U 60 | U 61 | U 62 | U 63 | U 64 | U 65 | U 66 | U 67 | U 68 | U 69 | U 70 | U 71 | U 72 | U 73 | U 74 | U 75 | U 76 | U 77 | U 78 | U 79 | U 80 | U 81 | U 82 | U 83 | U 84 | U 85 | U 86 | U 87 | U 88 | U 89 | U 90 | U 91 | U 92 | U 93 | U 94 | U 95 | U 96 | U 97 | U 98 | U 99 | U 100 | U 101 | U 102 | U 103 | U 104 | U 105 | U 106 | U 107 | U 108 | U 109 | U 110 | U 111 | U 112 | U 113 | U 114 | U 115 | U 116 | U 117 | U 118 | U 119 | U 120 | U 121 | U 122 | U 123 | U 124 | U 125 | U 126 | U 127 | U 128 | U 129 | U 130 | U 131 | U 132 | U 133 | U 134 | U 135 | U 136 | U 137 | U 138 | U 139 | U 140 | U 141 | U 142 | U 143 | U 144 | U 145 | U 146 | U 147 | U 148 | U 149 | U 150 | U 151 | U 152 | U 153 | U 154 | U 155 | U 156 | U 157 | U 158 | U 159 | U 160 | U 161 | U 162 | U 163 | U 164 | U 165 | U 166 | U 167