Maria vom Siege (Oberwittelsbach)
The Catholic branch church Maria vom Siege (formerly Burgkirche Beatae Mariae Virginis ) stands on the site of the ancestral castle of the Bavarian Wittelsbachers , Burg Wittelsbach , in the Aichach district of Oberwittelsbach , district of Aichach-Friedberg in Bavarian Swabia . The Gothic brick building was changed and refurbished in the 17th and 19th centuries. The building is a monument that is entered in the Bavarian list of monuments.
For security reasons, public access is only possible on special occasions and after services and weddings. The surrounding castle grounds, on the other hand, are freely accessible at all times.
history
A connection between the church and the chapel of the high medieval castle complex is not certain. Some of the cuboids in the base of the tower are likely to go back to the ancestral home of the Wittelsbach family. According to tradition, the church is said to have been built as the “atonement church” of the ducal house to make amends for the Bamberg regicide of 1208 ( Otto VIII von Wittelsbach ). However, there is no evidence of this in the contemporary sources either.
The Marian pilgrimage can be traced back to 1418. The church belonged to the Kommende Blumenthal of the Teutonic Order . The pilgrimage arose in connection with the local cult of Mary. At the beginning of the 16th century the nave was extended by two bays to the west. At that time the masonry was also increased and the late Gothic reticulated vaults were drawn in .
In the second half of the 17th century, the Gothic altars were replaced by contemporary structures in Baroque forms . The two Gothic depictions of Mary were taken over into the new altars. Remnants of the Gothic high altar have been preserved on the sides of the altar table of the main altar. The two wooden panels show representations of the tree of life .
In the early 19th century, the west gallery and the stair tower were built . The massive west facade was renewed in 1844.
description
Exterior construction
The unplastered late Gothic brick building stands on the plateau of the main castle close behind the filled neck ditch of the original fortifications.
The structure is supported by simple buttresses . In the north of the nave the saddle roof tower rises up with a stepped gable. The tracery in the pointed arch windows on the south side date from the 19th century.
inner space
The single-nave nave is spanned by a ribbed vault on head consoles. The retracted choir is slightly shifted from the axis to the north and closes on three sides . The rib vault again shows a simple network configuration.
In the northeast, the nave opens up to a small chapel extension with a barrel vault. The north side of the lay room is not windowed through. The organ loft rests on a slender stair tower from the 19th century, on which a small fantasy view of the castle is attached.
Furnishing
The three impressive baroque altars and the pulpit date from the 17th century. The high altar from 1687 contains a remarkable figure of the Virgin from around 1530. The former miraculous image of the pilgrimage to Oberwittelsbach is attributed to Gregor Erhart or his circle. The other sculptures were made around 1687. The two Johannes can be seen to the side of the Madonna. In the extract, the princes of the apostles are between the hll Joseph and New Years Eve set up. Above is David with the head of Goliath on a round medallion depicting God the Father. The altar structure is supported by round columns. Angels sit sideways on the segment gables.
The two side altars correspond in a simplified form to the structure of the high altar. The north altar is dedicated to the Lamentation of Mary and hides a burial of Christ in the predella . A large Pietà is set up in the central niche above . On the side angels mourn with tears and the tools of suffering.
In the center of the older south altar is a Gothic Madonna from the late phase of the " Soft Style " (around 1420). This is probably the original miraculous image of the Marian pilgrimage, which was later replaced by Our Lady in the high altar. The statue is surrounded by representations of the 14 emergency helpers from the 17th century. The altar panel shows the Annunciation (around 1650). Around 1652 the side wooden figures of hll. George and Elizabeth . St. Georg wears the cross of the Teutonic Order on his breastplate. St. Together with the knight saint, Elisabeth was the patroness of the order in nearby Blumenthal. The altar was donated by a commander of the order in 1652 after the end of the Thirty Years War . Two angels on the segment gables hold the associated coats of arms.
In the church there are three remarkable oil paintings that the Neuburg- Aichach clerk Franz Khiener donated to the church in 1846. To the right of the pulpit hangs a representation of "Christ in the wine press" in a box frame. The multi-figure painting from around 1566 shows the suffering Redeemer surrounded by numerous martyrs and believers. The work is said to come from the circle of the Nördlingen master Jesse Herlin.
The workshop of Jan Polack (around 1503) is attributed to the Mount of Olives on the south wall, which is still in late Gothic tradition. In the background Judas is entering the garden of Gethsemane accompanied by the henchmen and points to Jesus praying . While the rest of the disciples are sleeping, the attentive Peter is already drawing his sword.
On the north wall is a portrait of the Swabian mystic Bartholomäus Holzhauser (1613–1658), whose reform ideas received attention far beyond Bavaria.
In 1846, Khiener also donated the altarpiece on the south altar. A portrait of the founder has been preserved on the right wing of the box frame around the "wine press picture".
The coat of arms of abbot Simon Goll from the St. Ulrich and Afra monastery in Augsburg is embedded in the northern choir wall. The associated grave is in the floor in front of the south altar. Above it, a faded fresco shows the Manna miracle (early 16th century).
A late Gothic crucifix (around 1520/30) hangs under the gallery . Quirin Cornet created the Way of the Cross with its 15 stations in 1766. Two oil paintings by Franz Joseph Spiegler (around 1730) came to the church from Ottobeuren . The birth and naming of John the Baptist are described . The organ in the gallery dates from around 1900 and was overhauled at the turn of the millennium.
literature
- Georg Dehio : Handbook of the German art monuments. Bavaria III: Swabia. Munich, 1989.
- Toni Grad: Guide through the castle church Wittelsbach. Revised edition Aichach, 2004.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ List of monuments for Aichach (PDF) at the Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation, monument number D-7-71-113-84
Coordinates: 48 ° 28 ′ 7.4 " N , 11 ° 10 ′ 34.4" E