Kreuztal Monastery in Marburghausen

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View of the former monastery from the northeast
North view of the monastery church
View into the crypt of the monastery church from the western entrance
View of tombstone slabs of ecclesiastical and secular deceased
Baroque high altar

The Kreuztal Monastery in Marburghausen is a former Cistercian monastery in the Mariaburghausen district of the city of Haßfurt in Bavaria in the diocese of Würzburg .

history

The monastery consecrated to the Blessed Virgin Mary was founded by Abbess Jutta von Heiligental in the 13th century. In 1237 she founded a daughter monastery of the Cistercian nuns of Heiligenthal Monastery in Kreuzthal . Because of the very remote location, however, it was relocated to the newly founded Mariaburghausen monastery in 1243 (at that time still called "Marcburghusa"). It was a noble s nuns pin , that is, it recorded only noble women and girls. This led to strong support for the monastery from the noble families. Further income flowed through the indulgences customary at the time . Its strong economic position made it possible to acquire relics that attracted believers. The monastery soon had the rank of place of pilgrimage it.

Towards the end of the Middle Ages , monastic discipline had loosened so much that there was talk of sharp episcopal visitations for the years 1492 and 1498. In the Peasants' War from 1524 there were great losses for the monastery. The relics and other valuable goods were to be brought to safety in the Marienberg Fortress in Würzburg . However, they never arrived there. Due to further heavy loads for the monastery, the number of nuns fell sharply. From 1543 Abbess Ursula von Rotenstein was the only nun remaining in the monastery. With her death in 1582, Julius Echter von Mespelbrunn , Prince-Bishop of Würzburg , closed the monastery. The income was allocated to the University of Würzburg . To this day, the university draws income from the properties in Mariaburghausen.

Until the municipal reform , the monastery was on the territory of the municipality of Hainert . When this was dissolved on May 1, 1978, its main part came to the municipality of Knetzgau . The monastery was awarded to the district town of Haßfurt.

Monastery church

The Mariaburghausen estate still gives a typical image of the Cistercian monastery architecture. The former monastery church of St. John the Baptist is a towering, elongated, Gothic building from the years 1287 to 1336. It is structured on the outside by buttresses; the internal division into the east and west can be seen in the window structure. The lay house has two bays , the choir of the same width is one bays with a five-eighth end . The ribbed vaults are supported by console n. The crypt in the western part is vaulted with three aisles with seven yokes on octagonal pillars. Above is the flat-roofed nuns' gallery , which was converted into a granary in the 17th century. The partition wall to the lay ship originally extended to the vault warrior . Two doors lead to the ship on a narrow gallery on its west side.

Around 1714, under the Würzburg Prince-Bishop Johann Philipp von Greiffenclau zu Vollraths, a thorough structural renovation took place, during which the church building was put on a new roof structure with a western ridge turret by court architect Joseph Greissing . The bell cage, also made by the Greissing company , has an inscription dating back to 1714. There are traces of fire on the wall crowns and above the vaults, the age of which has not yet been established, but which apparently date before the baroque roof structure. In the choir, a baroque high altar with the gable coat of arms of the Würzburg prince-bishops Julius Echter von Mespelbrunn , as a tribute to the university donor, and Johann Philipp von Greiffenclau zu Vollraths, as regent , was set up and a pulpit was installed. The altar panel shows the Assumption of the Virgin in the manner of Oswald Ongher , flanked on the side by the sculptures Johannes Evangelist and Johannes Baptist as the namesake of Greiffenclaus. A valuable side altar from around 1750 frames a Madonna from around the end of the 15th century, which was recast in the Baroque period. Among the grave monuments is the figural grave monument of Heinrich von Seinsheim († 1345) of Würzburg origin.

Two wings of the monastery buildings, which were rebuilt in 1651 and 1687, have been preserved.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer GmbH, Stuttgart and Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 759 .
  2. ↑ a b Georg Dehio: Handbook of German Art Monuments. Bavaria I. The administrative districts of Upper Franconia, Middle Franconia and Lower Franconia. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich / Berlin 1999, ISBN 3-422-03051-4 , pp. 603-604.
  3. ↑ Johannes Mack: The builder and architect Joseph Greissing. Main Franconian Baroque before Balthasar Neumann. In: Publications of the Society for Franconian History. 8th row: Sources and representations on Franconian art history . tape 16 . Würzburg 2008, ISBN 978-3-86652-816-1 , p. 161, 162, 363, 607, 608 .
  4. ↑ Johannes Mack: Joseph Greissing on the 350th birthday: 1664–2014. The current status of greissing research . In: Würzburg diocesan history sheets . tape 77 , 2014, ISSN  0342-3093 , p. 303 .

Web links

Coordinates: 50 ° 1 ′ 9.8 ″  N , 10 ° 30 ′ 51.1 ″  E