General cargo
Under Breakbulk refers basically a hybrid of bulk and general cargo , namely piece goods that are shipped in large quantities. Examples include bag goods, pallets , steel products ( carrier , sheets , coils , wires , ...), Forest Products ( tree trunks , broken wood, sawn wood , cellulose , paper rolls , ...)
English names
In English, general cargo belongs to either Break Bulk Cargo or Neo Bulk Cargo .
Break Bulk Cargo includes, in addition to general cargo , which does not place any special demands on the ship or handling, also all shipments that are not transported in containers and that are not bulk cargo. Oversized machine parts also fall under the term break bulk cargo.
Neo Bulk Cargo includes goods that require special handling facilities or special ships, but are not bulk cargo. This includes steel products, forest products, refrigerated or transported in a special atmosphere, as well as cars and trucks.
Bagged goods
Bagged goods are all goods that are transported in bags, which can be very different products. - The goods can be divided into several groups:
- Natural products such as coffee beans , cocoa beans , soybeans , peanuts , flour , rice , pepper , onions , etc.
- Chemical industry products such as fertilizers , synthetic rubber, resin , phosphates , etc.
- Building materials such as plaster of paris , mortar , cement , etc.
Depending on the content, the packaging - i.e. the sack itself - can be made of different materials. B. made of fabric, jute , paper or plastic .
While today in the commercial and maritime bagged d almost exclusively at the source. H. is stowed in containers at the point of origin, at the manufacturer, shipper or forwarder , loading and unloading a cargo ship used to be much more time-consuming. The space in which the bagged goods were to be stowed had to be carefully prepared before loading began. Cleanly cleaned and dry was one of the basic requirements. In addition, appropriate garnish (2 to 3 layers of dry boards, mats, burlap, etc.) had to be laid. Bagged goods were stowed lying fore and aft and with full use of space as far as possible under the deck beams.
The cargo officer had to pay special attention to the professional stowage, separation and distribution of bagged goods with different properties. Here are some examples:
- Fish meal with a strong smell was not allowed to be stowed together with odor-sensitive goods. Because of the tendency to self-ignition , it was only allowed to be stowed in dry, well-ventilated holds where control measurements were to be carried out. Additional trenches had to be dug for the stowage. It was not allowed to go below deck to ensure good ventilation.
- Coffee was a valuable cargo that was particularly sensitive to odors and moisture and, if possible, should be stowed away from other goods in clean lockable rooms.
- Pepper has a strong smell and was therefore not allowed to be stowed with odor- and moisture-sensitive loads. The holds had to be very well ventilated, otherwise the pepper would spoil.
- Cement in paper sacks was particularly sensitive to moisture and wetness, which is why the holds had to be laid out with high garnish. Because of the risk of damage to the bags, they were not allowed to be stowed together with machine parts, long irons and the like.
- Bagged goods that contain chemicals of any kind should always be stowed separately as well as possible. In addition, it had to be protected from moisture and was not allowed to be stowed with bagged goods made from natural products in the same deck or under the ship.
The different stowage dimensions of the individual cargo had to be taken into account - specifically how much space or space the cargo officer had to provide for a new batch of bagged goods to be loaded. For a ton of shelled peanuts, for example, around 1.8 m³ of space had to be kept free, whereas for a ton of unpeeled peanuts, about 3.0 m³.
Until about the mid-1960s, mail was also transported in sacks. These were often loaded separately on ships in liner service in their own lock rooms or in smaller hatches.
The transport of bagged goods was formerly with handcarts performed later stacked on pallets with forklifts . Loading and unloading using rope loading slings (see photo) or on a pallet. Cargo nets were used in postal items, each with 2 Tally people worked and tally book, with a man of the country and one of the crew worked together on board.
literature
- Voss, Buchholz, Willms - Cargo Service - Part 1 and 2, Maritime School of the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen, Edition 1962.
Individual evidence
- ↑ What is breakbulk cargo? definition and meaning. In: BusinessDictionary.com. Retrieved July 26, 2015 .
- ↑ What Is Break Bulk Cargo? Retrieved July 26, 2015 .
- ↑ Annex 1: Glossary of Key Shipping Terms. In: Legal and Economic Analysis of Tramp Maritime Services. European Community , July 26, 2015, accessed July 26, 2015 .
- ↑ Marine Cargo. In: Shippedia. Retrieved July 26, 2015 .