Max Hrdliczka

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Maximilian Maria Theodor Hrdliczka (born June 6, 1865 in Morawetz , Moravia , † August 30, 1958 in Düsseldorf ) was an Austrian timber industrialist and kuk forestry councilor .

Life

Hrdliczka came from an old property manager and forest family. His parents were the property manager Peter Hrdliczka (1818–1897) with his wife Emilie, b. von Grebner (1833–1913), daughter of Franz von Grebner . The von Grebner family had a close relationship with the inventor of the sugar lump, Jacob Christoph Rad . Hrdliczka's best-known siblings were Ferdinand Hrdliczka , who, as a chemist with the later Herlango photo chain, became the founder of the photo industry in the Danube monarchy, and the doctor Victor Maria Hrdliczka (1867–1950), from whom the later lawyer Victor Peter Hans Hrdliczka (1902–1964) and the conductor Gertrud (e) Hrdliczka, married Hofmann (* 1904), descended.

Hrdliczka's future wife Helene Karoline Hrdliczka (1871–1929), b. Alder, was the sister of the Viennese chemical industrialist Victor Alder , who later invented tracer ammunition and made a name for himself as an armaments industrialist during the First World War. Through Alder he was also connected to his relatives, the Dolainski family, who built sugar machines, boilers and train wagons in Brno.

The children of Max and Helene Hrdliczka were Gretl Hrdliczka (1893–1944), who married the chamber singer Arthur Preuss from Vienna, Elsa Hrdliczka (October 10, 1894–1988), who married the brickworker Heinrich Zöller from Düsseldorf, and Marie Hrdliczka (1896 –1972), who married the steel industrialist Fritz Hones (1887–1980) from Berlin.

Hrdliczka graduated with honors from the grammar school in Brno and the Silesian-Moravian Higher Education Institute for Forests on the Eulenberg . He did his military service as a one-year volunteer in 1885 and was appointed lieutenant in the reserve in the kuk Line Infantry Regiment "Archduke Wilhelm" No. 12 dismissed.

Forest manager

At the age of 21, Hrdliczka became the forest manager of the Kiriteyn estate . In October 1889 he entered the service of Prince Salm in Raitz in Moravia as a forest consultant ; in 1891 he was already head of the forestry department of its properties. From 1891 he was a delegate of the Moravian Hunting Protection Association. He also made a name for himself as a hunting dog breeder ( Deutsch Kurzhaar ). In 1899 he became chairman of the board of directors of the Prince Salm's estates.

In 1901 he left Prince Salm's services at his own request and then took over the independent management of the 80,000- acre Moravian domains of Count Magnis in Strassnitz as forester and property director  . Hrdliczka remained in Magnis’s service for 42 years until his retirement in 1943. He was soon appointed general representative for all personnel and service matters. In this position he defended the domains against the Czech land reform that began in 1918 and was then able to expand the possessions around Strassnitz. In 1943, the imperial counts Magnis erected a memorial to him and named a street after him.

From 1902 he was also the examination commissioner for the state examinations for foresters in Brno and a recognized expert for forest appraisal and afforestation issues . Two years later he was unanimously elected by the Moravian Parliament in Brno as a member of the Appeals Commission for Personnel Income. After the beginning of the Czecho-Slovak Republic after 1918 he was the only German-born examination commissioner for the state exams at the University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences in Prague .

During the time of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy , Hrdliczka was elected by a substitute as a real member of the State Railway Council of the Imperial and Royal State Railways in place of the late Friedrich Baudisch in 1911 , and in this function traveled the entire monarchy and neighboring countries, among other things to optimize the railway routes . During this time he was appointed "kuk Forstrat" by Emperor Franz Joseph I in recognition of his services.

Entrepreneur

In 1901, the forestry council and his wife's dowry founded Hrdliczka Holzwerke / Hrdliczkovy závody in Bistritz am Hostein , later Impregna AG for wood impregnation (delivery to companies building railway lines) and wood processing (furniture wood for the local furniture company Thonet ). In 1944 Impregna AG had around 1,800 employees and 10 hectares of business premises. After 1950 the Impregna became part of the JmdZ-Südmährische Holzwerke. Hrdliczka was the largest single shareholder of the "Kreditanstalt der Deutschen" in Brno. With this bank he financed his foreign trade. His sons-in-law Fritz Hones and Heinrich Zöller represented his interests on the board of directors of Impregna AG. He often took legal advice from his nephew Victor Hrdliczka. To expand his activities, he increasingly involved his employee Karel Bazika in the company, so that Hrdliczka still had 35% of the shares in the end. Foreign trade was increasingly carried out by the trading company Peter Maxon a spol. accepted. Immediately after the expropriation in Moravia, not because of the Beneš decrees but because of the communists in 1946, he founded the still dominant company Bučina a.s. in Zvolen in 1947 because of the political situation under the name of Karel Bazikas (as a Czech). on an area of ​​several square kilometers and with more than 2000 employees. The wood supply for this came from around 7000 hectares of our own forest near Ladzany in Slovakia and the Slovak state forests . Hrdliczka believed that the Soviets would disappear again after a few months. Therefore, the west shift of the property was not started in time. In 1948, the communist expropriation also took place in Slovakia. The attempt to save the properties at the last moment through the Liechtenstein holding company "Bukas" failed.

Escape and last years

Hrdliczkas production manager Karel Bubeníček alias "Misha" was in Bistritz am Hostein a member of the 1st Czech Partisan Brigade Jan Žižka (1st československá partyzánská brigáda Jana Žižky), who was also Hrdliczka's grandson Arthur Preuss, son of his daughter Arthur Preuss and a member of Roman Arthur Preuss, son of his daughter Gretl -Karl-Scholz -Group . This partisan unit rescued Hrdliczka from the central execution site in the Pankrác prison in Prague in 1945 and enabled him to flee to Austria in 1948 after the communist seizure of power in Czechoslovakia .

Hrdlicka died as a penniless refugee in 1958 with his daughter Elsa Zöller in Düsseldorf.

literature

  • Gustav Novotný : Ředitel strážnického velkostatku Max Hrdliczka. 1. část. (Czech); in: Ivo Frolec (Ed. and Red.): Slovácko. Společenskovědní sborník pro moravsko-slovenské pomezí. Slovácké muzeum , Uherské Hradiště 2005 [ed. 2006], pp. 217-232. ISBN 8-086-18550-8 [German and English short summary director of the large estate of Strážnice Max Hrdliczka. 1st chapter. on pp. 185–186.]
  • Gustav Novotný: Ředitel strážnického velkostatku Max Hrdliczka. 2. část. (Czech for director of the large estate of Strážnice Max Hrdliczka. Part 2. ); in: Ivo Frolec (Ed. and Red.): Slovácko. Společenskovědní sborník pro moravsko-slovenské pomezí. Slovácké muzeum, Uherské Hradiště 2006 [ed. 2007], pp. 171-186. ISBN 8-086-18537-0 [German and English short summary director of the large estate of Strážnice Max Hrdliczka. Part 2. on pp. 185–186.]
  • Obituary for Max Hrdliczka. Düsseldorfer Nachrichten , 82nd year, No. 202, 1958
  • Dolakova, Marie; Hosak, Ladislav: Dejiny mesta Bystrice pod Hostynemn, nakladatelstvi v Brno vadava pro Mestsky narodni vybor v Bystrici pod Hostynem, 1976: good source for individual actors of Bystrice pod Hostynem: Karel Bazika, pp. 75, 112; Robert Barisch p. 141; Karel Bubenicek pp. 142, 144, 151, 225; Max Hrdliczka pp. 75, 112, 141 f., 144; Magnis p. 142; Arthur Preuss pp. 142, 144; Thonet S, 56, 102-106, 112-114, 120 f., 128-131, 162, 168, 197 f., 204, 210, 215, 217, 224, 240 f .; Zöller p. 141

swell

  1. ^ Hrdliczka Max, forester in Raitz. Mention in the Provincial Law and Ordinance Gazette for Moravia. 1896, p. 255. ( limited preview in Google Book search)
  2. ^ Hrdliczka Max, forester and director of goods in Strassnitz. Mentioned in Ignaz Tittel: Schematism and statistics of large estates, the landwirth. Industries and landwirth. Educational institutions in the Margraviate of Moravia and in the Duchy of Silesia. With an agronomic card. J. Springer, 1905, p. 135. ( limited preview in Google book search)
  3. ↑ Hrdliczka Max, Forst-R., Güter-Dir. in Straßnitz near Goding (substitute). Mentioned in the court and state manual of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy. kk Hof- und Staatsdruckerei, 1910, p. 431. ( limited preview in the Google book search)
  4. ^ Hrdliczka Max, kk Forstrat, Anton Graf Magnisscher forest master and property director, Straßnitz, Moravia. Mentioned in the Austrian quarterly journal for forestry, volumes 29–30. 1911, p. 332. ( limited preview in Google Book search)
  5. ↑ Hrdliczka Max, kk Forstrat and Graefisch Magnis'scher Goods Director, Straßnitz, Moravia. Mentioned in the yearbook of the kk Landwirtschaftsgesellschaft in Vienna. Austrian Agricultural and Forestry Society in Vienna, 1912, p. 32. ( limited preview in Google book search)
  6. ↑ Centralblatt for the entire forestry. Volume 37, Verlag Wilhelm Frick, 1911, p. 594.
  7. ^ Impregna, as, Bystřice pod Hostýnem. On: Zasílání informací o úpravách fondů. Moravský zemský archiv v Brně, p. 170; accessed on January 24, 2017.
  8. ↑ Hrdliczkovy závody company brochure
  9. ↑ Partyzánská skupina "Míša". In: K 70. výročí konce 2. světové války - Partyzáni na domácí frontě. ( Memento of the original from January 24, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.kscm.zlin.cz archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , KSČM Zlín , February 6, 2015
  10. ^ Arthur Preuss - a 'Catholic' partisan. In: Otfrid Pustejovsky : Christian resistance against Nazi rule in the Bohemian countries. An inventory of the conditions in the Sudetenland and the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia. An inventory of the conditions in the Sudetenland and the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia. LIT Verlag Münster, 2009, p. 145. ISBN 3-825-81703-2 .
  11. ↑ Recognition from Artur Preuß jun. by the Austrian Federal President on September 6, 1978 with the Decoration of Honor for Services to the Liberation of Austria. Original owned by Klaus Bernhard, Düsseldorf.
  12. ↑ Gustav Novotný: Ředitel strážnického velkostatku Max Hrdliczka. [1. část]. Bibliography dějin Českých zemí (BDČZ), Czech Historical Magazine; accessed on January 23, 2017.
  13. ↑ Gustav Novotný: Ředitel strážnického velkostatku Max Hrdliczka. [2. část]. Bibliography dějin Českých zemí (BDČZ), Czech Historical Magazine; accessed on January 23, 2017.

also used:

  • Handwritten notes by Fritz Hones, Arthur Preuß jun., Wolfgang Zöller in the private archive of Klaus Bernhard, Düsseldorf
  • City archives Bistritz am Hostein and Zvolen
  • Compass 1941 for the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia
  • Applications for equalization of burdens in Düsseldorf and since 1988 in the Federal Archives
personal data
SURNAME Hrdliczka, Max
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Hrdliczka, Maximilian (real name); Hrdlicka, Maximilian Maria Theodor (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian timber industrialist and kuk forest council
DATE OF BIRTH June 6, 1865
PLACE OF BIRTH Moravetz , Moravia
DATE OF DEATH August 30, 1958
Place of death Dusseldorf , Germany