Carignan noir

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Carignan noir
Synonyms Uva di Spagna - for more see the Synonyms section
Carignan noir
Art Grape vine ( Vitis vinifera subsp. Vinifera )
Berry color black
use
origin France
VIVC no. 2098
List of grape varieties
Carignan Noir

Carignan is a red wine that is traditionally grown in France (in the Midi , Languedoc and Provence ), as well as in Spain , Algeria , Israel and California .

It is the seventh most widely grown red grape variety in the world. It is called Carignano in Italy , Cariñena , Mazuelo or Mazuela in Spain and was crossed with Cabernet Sauvignon to make Ruby Cabernet , which in turn became famous in California.

Origin, descent

Originally from Aragon (Spain), it got its name from the city of Cariñena in the province of Zaragoza . There it was completely displaced by the Garnacha variety .

The mutations Carignan Gris and Carignan Blanc emerged from the red Carignan .

distribution

Although the variety was heavily cleared, especially in France, from 1989 to 1999 the area under vines for Carignan fell by 43% in France alone, and its worldwide vine population is 75,715 ha (2010). Besides France, it is mainly grown in North Africa, especially in Algeria . Further cultivation can be found in Spain , Italy , Portugal , Sardinia , Israel , California (→ viticulture in California ), Mexico , Chile , Argentina and Uruguay .

The Carignan grape variety was most widespread in France in 1968, when 211,254 hectares of vineyards were declared. At the same time, almost 140,000 hectares of carignan were known in Algeria. Due to massive clearing in the period from 1989 to 2007, their population decreased dramatically. In 2007, only 59,210 hectares of vines were surveyed in France (as of 2009). The variety is now in fourth place behind Merlot , Grenache and Syrah among the most widespread red wine varieties and is likely to be surpassed by Cabernet Sauvignon in the near future .

See also the articles Viticulture in France , Viticulture in Spain , Viticulture in Italy , Viticulture in Argentina , Viticulture in Uruguay , Viticulture in Chile (675 hectares, as of 2006), Viticulture in Portugal , Viticulture in Algeria and Viticulture in the United States (alone in California 3703 acre ) as well as the list of grape varieties .

Ampelographic varietal characteristics

  • The shoot tip is open. It is hairy with white wool and rimmed reddish. The yellowish young leaves are also coated with white wool and quickly become thin and shiny.
  • The very large leaves are five-lobed and strongly indented. The stem bay is open in a U-shape. The sheet is serrated to a point. The teeth are large compared to the grape varieties. The leaf surface (also called the leaf blade) is rough and blistered.
  • The conical to cylindrical grape is large, shouldered or branched and dense berries. The rounded berries are medium-sized and black-blue in color. The vines are thick-skinned and the must weight is usually high.

Carignan ripens almost 30 days after the Gutedel . It is therefore considered to ripen late. The late shoot protects them from the risk of late frost. The vigorous variety produces consistently high yields. On poor soils on a slope, the yield is as low as 30–70 hl / ha. In fertile plains, however, the yield skyrockets up to 200 hl / ha. Strict yield regulation is essential to achieve high quality.

It is very susceptible to powdery mildew and downy mildew and is prone to raw rot due to its dense berries .

The cracked wood of the grape stalks makes it difficult to harvest mechanically and if the wind is too strong.

It thrives best in the area of ​​the Mediterranean climate. Special wines produce few old vines in barren locations, where the concentration of the weak aroma in longer storage results in profound wines with fruity hints, often of plums and figs. The plum notes are then softer and finer than z. B. typically with a Barbaresco .

Wine

The yields are very good, the wine is dark, tannic and acidic, with little aroma. The grape is often used in blending wines. Under the name Mazuelo, Carignan is one of the two blending partners of Tempranillo in the production of Rioja wines alongside Garnacha. In Languedoc , the grape is represented in almost all wines, but its proportion is constantly being reduced and replaced by Syrah and Cinsaut , which are more aromatic and finer.

Synonyms

Another 103 names are known for the grape variety: Axina de Spagna, Babonenc, Babounenc, Blaue Shopatna, Blaue Sopatna, Blauer Carignan, Blauer Carignant, Boi Dur, Bois de Fer, Bois Dur, Bois Dure, Bova Murru, Bovale, Bovale di Spagna , Bovale Grande, Bovale Grande di Spagna, Bovale Grosso, Bovale Mannu, Bovale Murru, Bovali Mannu, Bove Duro, Bove Duro di Signa, Bove Duro di Spagna, Cafalan, Cagnolaro, Cagnolaro Tinto, Calignan, Carignan, Carignan Crni, Carignan Frances , Carignan Mouillan, Carignane, Carignane Mouilla, Carignane Noir, Carignane Noire, Carignane Violette, Carignanne, Carignano, Carignano di Carmignano, Carignant, Carignena, Carinano, Carinena, Carinena Mazuela, Carinena Negra, Catalan, Cencibal, Ciliegiolo, Concejon, Crignane, Crinana, Crujillon, Crusillo, Garignano, Girard, Girarde, Grenache du Bois, Grenache du Bois Dur, Karignan, Karinian, Karinjan, Karinyan, Kek Carignan, Legno Duro, Legno Duro di Portoferraio, Manuelo Tinto, Manzuela, Marocain, Mataro , Mazue la, Mazuela Comun, Mazuela de Regadio, Mazuelo, Mollard, Monastrell, Monestel, Moraiola Maggiore, Mostaia, Mounesteou, Nieddera, Nudo Corto, Pinot d'Evora, Pinot Evara, Plan d'Espagne, Plant d'Espagne, Plant de Ledenon , Pokovec, Pokovez, Quattro Rappe, Roussillonen, Samso, Samso Crusillo, Sanso, Sopatna Blau, Tintiglia, Tintilia, Tintillosa, Tintillu, Tintirella, Tinto Mazuela, Uva di Spagna, Zinzillosa .

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ onivins.fr, PDF ( Memento of March 1, 2012 in the Internet Archive ), statistics of red varieties per greater region, part 2, publication of the Onivins (Office National Interprofessionnel des Fruits, des Legumes, des Vins et de l'Horticulture), As of 2008
  2. ↑ Catastro Viticola Nacional 2006. (PDF; 135 kB) División Protección Agrícola - SAG, 2007, accessed on November 26, 2014 (Spanish).
  3. ↑ California grape acreage report, 2008 crop ( memento of the original from March 8, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 2.1 MB), published April 2009 by the California Department of Food and Agriculture  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.nass.usda.gov
  4. ↑ Carignan noir in the database Vitis International Variety Catalog of the Institute for Grapevine Breeding Geilweilerhof (English), accessed on January 15, 2020