Michail Herzenstein

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Michail Herzenstein.

Michail (Mejer) Jakowlewitsch Heartstone ( Russian Михаил (Меер) Яковлевич Герценштейн * April 18 jul. / 30th April  1859 greg. In Voznesensk , Kherson Gubernia , † July 18 jul. / 31 July  1906 greg. In Terijoki , Grand Duchy of Finland ) was a Russian economist , university lecturer, and publicist .

Life

Mejer Herzenstein from a wealthy Jewish family graduated from the Law Faculty of the New Russian University in Odessa in 1881 . In line with his interest in economics , he wrote the candidate dissertation Theory of Rodbertus - Basic Rent , which he successfully defended in 1882, with Professor of Political Economy Alexander Posnikow at the New Russian University . To deepen his knowledge, he attended lectures at the universities of Berlin and Heidelberg and visited Paris and London . After his return, he drew up a master - thesis , in which he described the teachings of Rodbertus, Lorenz von Stein and Albert Schäffle analyzed fundamentally. He successfully defended the master’s dissertation and passed the master’s examination. However, the Ministry of Popular Education refused to give him confirmation, so that his way to becoming a professor was blocked. His legal technical papers he published in various journals, especially in the Russkiye Vedomosti whose With editor was Posnikow. He was particularly influenced by Henry George's book Progress and Poverty (1879).

In 1885, on the recommendation of his professor Alexander Tschuprow , Herzenstein got a job from the banker Lasar Polyakov in his Moscow real estate bank . There he soon became an expert on mortgage loans and agricultural finance and published relevant specialist books.

In 1888, Herzenstein joined the Russian Orthodox Church and married Anna Wassiljewna Ptscholkina.

In 1899, Herzenstein was admitted to the Moscow bar. In 1903 the new minister for popular education, Grigori Senger, confirmed his master's degree so that he could now teach academically. He then became a private lecturer at the Chair of Political Economy at Moscow University . In 1904 he became professor of political economy and statistics at the Moscow Agricultural Institute. He also taught at the trading courses begun in 1903 .

After the Russian Revolution in 1905 , Herzenstein became a member of the Moscow City Duma and chairman of the Finance Commission and the Real Estate Commission. He was a member of the Duma Executive Commission, which negotiated with workers about their conflict with the city administration. When the mayor of Moscow was elected, he withdrew his candidacy. He became a member of the Regional Assembly of the Moscow Governorate . He headed the Agricultural Commission of the Constitutional Democratic Party (Cadets) and brought his position to the Cadet program. In the election to the 1st State Duma in 1906 he was nominated by the cadets along with MF Savelyev, FF Kokoschkin and SA Muromzew as a candidate for the city of Moscow, after Prince Pavel Dolgorukov had left him his place. In the State Duma he was chairman of the main subcommittee of the agricultural commission and a member of the commissions for finance, budget and food aid for the population. In his speeches, he increasingly advocated the interests of farmers. The Black Hundreds interpreted this as propaganda for attacks by peasants on noble estates, so that he received letters threatening violence. He then took out life insurance for 50,000 rubles with the insurance company New York .

After the State Duma was dissolved in June 1906, Herzenstein withdrew to the Grand Duchy of Finland . In July he took part in the meeting of the Cadets and Trudoviki in Terijoki . In Vyborg he signed the Vyborg Manifesto with 180 State Duma members . After initiating proceedings against all signatories of the appeal, he returned to St. Petersburg . For days he had been persecuted by a group of Black Hundreds led by Alexander Kazantsev from the Federation of the Russian People . On the day of his death, he met his fellow party member VV Nabokov in the morning and then returned to his dacha in Terijoki . While his younger daughter Vera stayed in the dacha, Herzenstein went for a walk by the sea with his wife Anna Wassiljewna and his older daughter Anna. There he was killed by revolver shots while his daughter was injured.

In 1907, the publicist Grigori Iollos , with whom Herzenstein had been friends since high school, was murdered in a similar manner . In the Russian people's union, Russkoje Snamja , these murders were applauded and it was stated that this was done by "real Russians" with the authorities' knowledge. In addition to the investigations of the Finnish police and the Russian public prosecutor's office, the historian Alexander Braudo and the American journalist Herman Bernstein took part in the clarification of the cases . Some of the members of the Federation of the Russian People who were involved in the attacks were convicted in several trials.

Web links

Commons : Michail Herzenstein  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. Из глубины времён 3 (1994), p. 86.
  2. a b c Деятели революционного движения в России: Био-библиографический словарь: От предшественников декабристов до падения царизма. Т. 3: Восьмидесятые годы . 2nd Edition. Moscow 1934.
  3. a b А. И. Маркевич: Двадцатипятилетие Императорского новороссийского университета »( кандидаты права 1881 года) .
  4. a b c Первая Государственная Дума. Алфавитный список и подробные биографии и характеристики членов Государственной Думы . Тип. Товарищества И. Д. Сытина, 1906, p. 4-5 .
  5. Власть и оппозиция. Российский политический процесс XX столетия . Росспэн, Moscow 1995, ISBN 5-86004-024-5 , p. 15-35 .
  6. История Министерства финансов России . ИНФРА-М, Moscow 2002, ISBN 5-16-001034-3 , p. 431 .
  7. Долгоруков П. Д .: Великая разруха. Воспоминания основателя партии кадетов 1916–1926 . ЗАО «ентрополиграф, Moscow 2007.
  8. Марина Витухновская: Черная сотня под финским судом (accessed March 2, 2017) . In: Нева . No. 10 , 2006.
  9. МОСКОВСКИЕ ВЕСТИ (accessed March 2, 2017).
  10. Убийство деп. Герценштейна . In: Речь . 1906.
  11. ^ Albert M. Friedenberg: A List of Events in 5670 and Necrology (July 1, 1909, to June 30, 1910) (accessed March 2, 2017) . In: American Jewish Yearbook . tape 11 , 1910, pp. 136 .
  12. Herman Bernstein: How two assassinations were carried out in Russia, September 19, 1909 (accessed March 2, 2017) . In: The New York Times . 1909.