Millettia stuhlmannii
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Millettia stuhlmannii , trunk with bark |
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Millettia stuhlmannii is a flowering plant in the subfamily of Schmetterlingsblütler (Faboideae) within the family of the Leguminosae (Fabaceae). In the home countries the common names Panga Panga , Partridgewood , Jambiré or Messara are used.
description
Appearance and leaf
Millettia stuhlmannii grows as a medium-sized tree that reaches heights of 20 to 35 meters. The cylindrical tree trunk is straight to curved with trunk diameters of 100 to 150 centimeters. Millettia stuhlmannii has a broad treetop . The bark is smooth and yellowish to greenish-gray. The bark of young twigs is finely hairy.
The alternate leaves are arranged in a petiole and a leaf blade. The petiole is up to 10 centimeters long. The leaf hachis is up to 20 centimeters long. The imparipinnate leaf blade consists of seven to nine opposite pinnate leaves on each side of the leaf hachis. The top of the leaf is greenish and the underside is bluish-green. The sparsely hairy pinnate leaves are up to 13 centimeters long and 9 centimeters wide and elliptical to obovate with a rounded and notched upper end. The stipules are oblong-spatulate and about 1 centimeter long. The leaves only unfold after the flowering period.
Inflorescence and flower
The flowering time takes place in the rainy season from November to January. The terminal, pendulous, panicle inflorescence is up to 35 centimeters long. The flowers stand over two relatively small bracts . The flower stalk is up to 9 inches long. The hermaphrodite flowers are zygomorphic and five-fold with a double flower envelope . The five 11 to 13 centimeters long sepals are fused together about half their length in a bell-shaped manner. The petals are purple to pink in color. The corolla has the typical shape of the butterfly flower .
Fruit and seeds
The yellowish-brown legume is 25 to 35 centimeters long and 3.5 to 5 centimeters wide and is inverted-lanceolate and contains six to eight seeds . The smooth, dark brown seeds are ovate and flattened with a length of 20 to 23 millimeters and a diameter of 17 to 19 millimeters. A small aril is present at the base of the seeds .
ecology
There are root nodules with nitrogen-fixing rhizobia , as is relatively often observed in legumes .
Occurrence and endangerment
Millettia stuhlmannii is more common in Tanzania , Kenya , Mozambique, and the eastern part of Zimbabwe . Only a small population of Millettia stuhlmannii can be found in South Africa at altitudes between 715 and 770 meters.
In South Africa, Millettia stuhlmannii thrives on rocky slopes in scrub and deciduous forests. Millettia stuhlmannii occurs at altitudes of up to 900 meters and grows best in forests with high rainfall and in river forests.
Millettia stuhlmannii is rated in the Red List of Endangered Plant Species in South Africa 2006 as “Least Concern” = “not endangered”. Millettia stuhlmannii is not listed in the CITES appendices.
Systematics
The first description of Millettia stuhlmannii was made in 1895 by Paul Hermann Wilhelm Taubert in the flora of East Africa . The generic name Millettia honors the British merchant and plant collector Charles Millett (1792–1873). He worked for the English East India Company in the tea trade, collected plants in Canton, Macao, on the Malabar Coast and on Ceylon, and sent much of it to his friend William Jackson Hooker . The specific epithet stuhlmannii honors the German scientist Franz Stuhlmann .
Use and meaning
use
The wood can be used as flooring and furniture . It is popular in the veneer industry where it is used for decorative furniture. It is also suitable for carpentry , cladding, doors, stairs, window frames, carving , wood turning, and musical instruments. It is suitable for heavy ship and boat building, railroad ties, vehicle bodies , toys, precision equipment , boxes and crates. However, due to the high raw material price, it is no longer used for many of these purposes.
The heartwood is dense, heavy and has a chocolate brown color with lighter and darker bands. The light sapwood can be clearly distinguished from the heartwood. The grain is mostly straight, but the wood structure is heterogeneous. The type of grain shows strong similarities with wenge ( Millettia laurentii ). The properties of wood are high tensile and impact strength , as well as high flexural rigidity and compressive strength . It shows a high tolerance to deformation and is very abrasion resistant. It is difficult to steam bending and generally difficult to machine . It dulls tools quickly and is difficult to saw. Polishing and turning is possible, however. It is advisable to pre-drill before screwing or nailing. Gluing can be difficult due to the high resin content . The wood dries slowly, but without any major loss of quality. The stamina is good. The heartwood continues to show high resistance to fungal and insect infestation, with the sapwood being vulnerable to beetle species of the subfamily Lyctinae . A treatment with wood preservatives is hardly possible with heartwood, with sapwood moderately. The heartwood also contains robinetin (C 15 H 10 O 7 ), a coloring precursor for keratin -based fibers.
In traditional medicine , a root infusion is drunk to treat stomach pain.
Poles planted during the rainy season act as a "living fence".
Economical meaning
The wood from Millettia stuhlmannii is one of Mozambique's most important export woods, although exact figures are not available due to unregistered trade. The main importer is the People's Republic of China , through which there is also trade in the western world. In 2004 it was estimated that 4,000 m³ of wood was traded in the province of Zambezia for around 700 US dollars / m³. Official figures from Tanzania indicate that 2000 m³ of sawn timber were traded from June 2005 to January 2006. This corresponds to 45% of the traded hardwood lumber. The real numbers are likely higher due to illegal trade, with trade in uncut timber being banned in Tanzania and Mozambique.
Health hazards
The sawdust can cause dermatitis , asthma and irritation of the throat , nose and eyes .
Wood anatomy
The stripes are not caused by ingredients, but by marginal parenchyma bands . It is a dispersive pore , the vessels mostly being grouped. The diameter is 100-310 µm. The vascular perforations are simple. The junction field pits are clearly bordered and there are no spiral vascular thickenings. The fibers are very thick-walled. The wood rays are structured in several rows and homogeneously. A clear storey structure is visible in the tangential section. Crystals are present.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g Thompson Mutshinyalo, 2011: Datasheet of Millettia stuhlmannii at PlantzAfrica by SANBI = The South African National Biodiversity Institute .
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m R. HMJ Lemmens: Millettia stuhlmannii. (No longer available online.) In: PROTA4U. Archived from the original on May 27, 2015 ; accessed on July 17, 2014 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Millettia stuhlmannii in the Red List of South African Plants 2014. Classified by: DA Kamundi & JE Victor, 2006. Retrieved July 16, 2014
- ^ CITES list. In: Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). Retrieved July 15, 2014 .
- ↑ Millettia stuhlmannii at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed July 15, 2014.
- ↑ Lotte Burkhardt: Directory of eponymous plant names . Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin, Free University Berlin Berlin 2016. ISBN 978-3-946292-10-4 . doi : 10.3372 / epolist2016 .
- ↑ Umberto Quattrocchi: CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names: Common Names, Scientific Names, Eponyms, Synonyms, and Etymology. M-Q. (= III. ). CRC Press LLC, Boca Raton 2000, ISBN 0-8493-2677-X , pp. 1693 .
- ↑ External identifiers or database links for Robinetin : CAS number: 490-31-3, EC number: 207-709-6, ECHA InfoCard: 100.007.009 , PubChem : 5281692 , ChemSpider : 4445009 , Wikidata : Q27108166 .
- ↑ Terry Porter: Recognize and identify wood. The reference work for practice. (Over 200 types of wood and their use) (= HolzWerken ). 2nd Edition. Vincentz Network, Hannover 2011, ISBN 978-3-86630-950-0 , p. 176 .
- ^ HG Richter & MJ Dallwitz: Millettia stuhlmannii. In: Commercial Timbers. May 4, 2000, accessed July 15, 2014 .
