Millettia

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Millettia
Millettia grandis

Millettia grandis

Systematics
Eurosiden I
Order : Fabales (Fabales)
Family : Legumes (Fabaceae)
Subfamily : Butterflies (Faboideae)
Tribe : Millettieae
Genre : Millettia
Scientific name
Millettia
Wight & Arn.

Millettia is a genus in the subfamily of Schmetterlingsblütler (Faboideae) within the family of the Leguminosae (Fabaceae). The approximately 100 species are common in the Palaeotropic .

description

Illustration of Millettia xylocarpia from Blanco

Appearance and leaves

Millettia species are woody plants and, depending on the species, grow as a tree , shrub or liana . The alternate leaves are unpaired pinnate and the pinnate leaves are opposite or rarely almost alternately on the rhachis leaf. The leaves have a pulvinus . There may be minor leaflets of the leaflets. The stipules are durable or fall off early.

Inflorescences and flowers

The cluster-like inflorescences are mostly seemingly unbranched, but branched in Millettia ichthyochtona . On the axis of the inflorescence there are branches reduced to clusters at each node, each of which contains two to five flowers. There are bracts and bracts available; they often fall off before the anthesis .

The hermaphrodite flowers are zygomorphic and five-fold. The five sepals are fused and the calyx ends in five short calyx teeth, of which the upper two are more or less completely fused. The five petals are blue or white. The flower crowns have the typical shape of the butterfly flower . The flag is relatively large and can have calluses at its base. The wings are not fused with the shuttle. The shuttle is bent inwards and ends bluntly. Sometimes a stamen is free in the bud and later connects to the other nine fused stamens. The dust bags are all the same. There is a tubular disc around the ovary. The only ovary is linear and usually sessile or rarely stalked. The bald stylus is straight or curved inward.

Fruits and seeds

The legumes are flat, sometimes cylindrical, or are only slightly thickened above the seeds. There may be edges on one or both seams. Ripe legumes slowly open with two fruit valves and contain one or a few seeds. The seeds are spherical or lenticular. The seed stalk (funicle) is fleshy and swollen at the top and envelops the hilum as a short ring-like aril .

Systematics and distribution

The genus Millettia was established in 1834 by Robert Wight and George Arnott Walker Arnott in Prodromus Florae Peninsulae Indiae Orientalis , Volume 1, pp. 263-264. The botanical genus name Millettia honors Charles Millett ; he was a plant collector and representative of the East India Company and collected many herbarium specimens of Millettia spec. when he was in Canton and Macau. Synonyms for Millettia Wight & Arn. are: Neodunnia R.Vig. , Berrebera Hochst. , Galedupa Lam. , Otosema Benth. , Lonchocarpus sect. Caudaria Dunn . The extent (90 to 200 species) of the genus Millettia is controversial.

The genus Millettia belongs to the tribe millettieae in the subfamily Faboideae within the family of Fabaceae .

The genus Millettia is common in subtropical and tropical Africa , Madagascar and Asia . About 90 species occur in tropical Africa. Eight species are native to Madagascar. There are 18 species in China, six of them only there. Occurrences in Australia are only given by a few authors. Millettia species thrive in tropical rainforests and from seasonally dry lowlands to highland forests as well as on the edges of forests, in woodlands, in thickets, in tree-covered grasslands and secondary vegetation types.

There are about 100 species in the genus Millettia :

Habit of Millettia duchesnei
Millettia grandis inflorescence
Pinnate leaves and legumes of Millettia grandis
Inflorescences of Millettia griffoniana
Millettia japonica inflorescences
Inflorescences of Millettia peguensis
Habit of Millettia reticulata
Pinnate leaves and legumes of Millettia stuhlmannii
Inflorescences of Millettia thonningii
  • The species that are classified in the genus Philenoptera no longer belong to the genus Millettia .
  • According to Flora of China 2010, Pongamia pinnata (L.) Merrill (Syn .: Pongamia mitis Kurz , Millettia pinnata (L.) Panigrahi ) forms the monotypic genus Pongamia Vent.

use

In China, many Millettia species are used as medicinal plants, insecticides, and fish poison. Few species are used as an ornamental plant. The wood of Millettia stuhlmannii and Millettia laurentii is processed in a variety of ways (see there).

swell

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai Zhi Wei, Les Pedley: Millettia , p. 176 - same text online as printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China. Volume 10: Fabaceae. , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2010. ISBN 978-1-930723-91-7
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l SI Ali: Millettia at Tropicos.org. In: Flora of Pakistan . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
  3. ↑ a b c d Zhi Wei, Dezhao Chen, Dianxiang Zhang , Hang Sun, Les Pedley: Millettieae. , P. 165 - online with the same text as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Ed.): Flora of China. Volume 10: Fabaceae. , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2010, ISBN 978-1-930723-91-7 .
  4. ^ Robert Wight, George Arnott Walker Arnott: Prodromus Florae Peninsulae Indiae Orientalis: Containing Abridged Descriptions of the Plants Found in the Peninsula of British India, Arranged According to the Natural System . Volume 1, 1834, pp. 263-264 ( Millettia in Google Book Search).
  5. ↑ a b Millettia at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed July 16, 2014.
  6. ↑ a b c d e f data sheet Millettia at Legumes of the World by Royal Botanical Gardens Kew, 2012.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.kew.org  
  7. ↑ Millettia on the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved July 16, 2014.
  8. ↑ Enter the taxon in the search mask at International Legume Database & Information Service = ILDIS - LegumeWeb - World Database of Legumes, Version 10, November 2005.
  9. ↑ a b c d e f g GE Schatz, S. Andriambololonera, Andrianarivelo, MW Callmander, Faranirina, PP Lowry, PB Phillipson, Rabarimanarivo, JI Raharilala, Rajaonary, Rakotonirina, RH Ramananjanahary, B. Ramandimbisoa, A. Randrianasolo, N. Ravololomanana, ZS Rogers, CM Taylor & GA Wahlert, 2011: Millettia at Tropicos.org. In: Catalog of the Vascular Plants of Madagascar . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
  10. ↑ BD Schrire: A synopsis of the genus Philenoptera (Leguminosae-Millettieae) from Africa and Madagascar. In: Kew Bulletin , Volume 55, 2000, pp. 81-94. JSTOR 4117762

Web links

Commons : Millettia  - collection of images, videos and audio files

further reading

  • J.-M. Hu, M. Lavin, MF Wojciechowski, MJ Sanderson: Phylogenetic systematics of the tribe Millettieae (Leguminosae) based on chloroplast trnK / matK sequences and its implications for evolutionary patterns in Papilionoideae. In: American Journal of Botany , Volume 87, 2000, pp. 418-430.
  • J.-M. Hu, M. Lavin, MF Wojciechowski, MJ Sanderson: Phylogenetic analysis of nuclear ribosomal ITS / 5.85 sequences in the tribe Millettieae (Fabaceae): Poecilanthe-Cyclolobium, the core Millettieae, and the Callerya group. In: Syst. Bot. , Volume 27, 2002, pp. 722-733.
  • Umberto Quattrocchi: CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants: Common Names, Scientific Names, Eponyms, Synonyms, and Etymology . CRC Press, 2012, ISBN 978-1-4200-8044-5 , pp. 2510 ff . ( Millettia in Google Book Search).
  • Robert Hegnauer: Chemotaxonomy of plants . Volume XIB-2. Springer, 2001, p. 169–203 ( Tephrosieae instead of Millettieae in the Google book search).