Millettia
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Wight & Arn. |
Millettia is a genus in the subfamily of Schmetterlingsblütler (Faboideae) within the family of the Leguminosae (Fabaceae). The approximately 100 species are common in the Palaeotropic .
description
Appearance and leaves
Millettia species are woody plants and, depending on the species, grow as a tree , shrub or liana . The alternate leaves are unpaired pinnate and the pinnate leaves are opposite or rarely almost alternately on the rhachis leaf. The leaves have a pulvinus . There may be minor leaflets of the leaflets. The stipules are durable or fall off early.
Inflorescences and flowers
The cluster-like inflorescences are mostly seemingly unbranched, but branched in Millettia ichthyochtona . On the axis of the inflorescence there are branches reduced to clusters at each node, each of which contains two to five flowers. There are bracts and bracts available; they often fall off before the anthesis .
The hermaphrodite flowers are zygomorphic and five-fold. The five sepals are fused and the calyx ends in five short calyx teeth, of which the upper two are more or less completely fused. The five petals are blue or white. The flower crowns have the typical shape of the butterfly flower . The flag is relatively large and can have calluses at its base. The wings are not fused with the shuttle. The shuttle is bent inwards and ends bluntly. Sometimes a stamen is free in the bud and later connects to the other nine fused stamens. The dust bags are all the same. There is a tubular disc around the ovary. The only ovary is linear and usually sessile or rarely stalked. The bald stylus is straight or curved inward.
Fruits and seeds
The legumes are flat, sometimes cylindrical, or are only slightly thickened above the seeds. There may be edges on one or both seams. Ripe legumes slowly open with two fruit valves and contain one or a few seeds. The seeds are spherical or lenticular. The seed stalk (funicle) is fleshy and swollen at the top and envelops the hilum as a short ring-like aril .
Systematics and distribution
The genus Millettia was established in 1834 by Robert Wight and George Arnott Walker Arnott in Prodromus Florae Peninsulae Indiae Orientalis , Volume 1, pp. 263-264. The botanical genus name Millettia honors Charles Millett ; he was a plant collector and representative of the East India Company and collected many herbarium specimens of Millettia spec. when he was in Canton and Macau. Synonyms for Millettia Wight & Arn. are: Neodunnia R.Vig. , Berrebera Hochst. , Galedupa Lam. , Otosema Benth. , Lonchocarpus sect. Caudaria Dunn . The extent (90 to 200 species) of the genus Millettia is controversial.
The genus Millettia belongs to the tribe millettieae in the subfamily Faboideae within the family of Fabaceae .
The genus Millettia is common in subtropical and tropical Africa , Madagascar and Asia . About 90 species occur in tropical Africa. Eight species are native to Madagascar. There are 18 species in China, six of them only there. Occurrences in Australia are only given by a few authors. Millettia species thrive in tropical rainforests and from seasonally dry lowlands to highland forests as well as on the edges of forests, in woodlands, in thickets, in tree-covered grasslands and secondary vegetation types.
There are about 100 species in the genus Millettia :
- Millettia aboensis (Hook. F.) Baker
- Millettia Achtii De Wild.
- Millettia acuticarinata Baker f.
- Millettia acutiflora Gagnep.
- Millettia ahernii Merr. & Rolfe
- Millettia angustidentata De Wild.
- Millettia angustistipellata De Wild.
- Millettia aromatica Dunn
- Millettia aurea (R.Vig.) Du Puy & Labat : It occurs in Madagascar in the provinces of Mahajanga and Toliara .
- Millettia austroyunnanensis Y.Y.Qian : This endemic thrives in sparse wooded areas at altitudes of around 2000 meters only in southern Yunnan .
- Millettia barteri (Benth.) Dunn
- Millettia bassacensis Gagnep.
- Millettia bequaertii De Wild.
- Millettia bibracteolata Pellegr.
- Millettia bicolor Dunn
- Millettia bipindensis Harms
- Millettia bonatiana Pamp.
- Millettia boniana Gagnep.
- Millettia borneensis Adema
- Millettia brachycarpa Merr.
- Millettia brandisiana short
- Millettia bussei Harms
- Millettia buteoides Gagnep.
- Millettia cabrae De Wild.
- Millettia caerulea Baker
- Millettia capuronii Du Puy & Labat : It occurs in Madagascar in the provinces of Antsiranana , Fianarantsoa and Toliara.
- Millettia caudata (Benth.) Baker
- Millettia chrysamaryssa Adema
- Millettia chrysophylla Dunn
- Millettia cochinchinensis Gagnep.
- Millettia comosa (Micheli) Hauman
- Millettia conraui Harms
- Millettia coruscans Dunn
- Millettia cubittii Dunn
- Millettia decipiens Prain
- Millettia dielsiana Harms
- Millettia dinklagei Harms
- Millettia diptera Gagnep.
- Millettia discolor De Wild.
- Millettia dorwardi Collett & Hemsl.
- Millettia drastica Baker
- Millettia dubia De Wild.
- Millettia duchesnei De Wild.
- Millettia dura Dunn
- Millettia eberhardtii Gagnep.
- Millettia eetveldeana (Micheli) Hauman
- Millettia elongatistyla J.B. Gillett
- Millettia elskensii De Wild.
- Millettia entadoides Z.Wei : This endemic thrives on slopes at altitudes of 1500 to 2600 meters only in southwestern Yunnan .
- Millettia eriocarpa Dunn
- Millettia erythrocalyx Gagnep.
- Millettia eurybotrya Drake
- Millettia exauriculata Hauman
- Millettia extensa (Benth.) Baker (Syn .: Millettia auriculata Baker , Millettia macrophylla Benth. )
- Millettia fallax Craib
- Millettia ferruginea (Hochst.) Baker
- Millettia foliolosa Gagnep.
- Millettia fordii Dunn
- Millettia fruticosa (DC.) Baker
- Millettia fulgens Dunn
- Millettia gagnepainiana Dunn
- Millettia galliflagrans Whitmore
- Millettia glabra Adema
- Millettia glaucescens short
- Millettia goossensii (Hauman) Polhill
- Millettia gossweileri Baker f.
- Millettia gracilis Baker
- Millettia grandis (E. Mey.) Skeels
- Millettia griffithii Dunn
- Millettia griffoniana Baill.
- Millettia harmandii Gagnep.
- Millettia harmsiana De Wild.
- Millettia hedraeantha Harms
- Millettia hemsleyana Prain
- Millettia hitsika Du Puy & Labat
- Millettia hockii De Wild.
- Millettia hylobia Hauman
- Millettia hypolampra Harms
- Millettia ichthyochtona Drake
- Millettia impressa Harms
- Millettia irvinei Hutch. & Dalziel
- Millettia japonica (Siebold & Zucc.) A. Gray (Syn .: Wisteria japonica Siebold & Zucc. )
- Millettia kangensis Craib
- Millettia kityana Craib
- Millettia klainei Dunn
- Millettia lacus-alberti J.B. Gillett
- Millettia lane-poolei Dunn
- Millettia lantsangensis Z.Wei : This endemic thrives in bushes on slopes at altitudes of 1200 to 1600 meters only in southwestern Yunnan.
- Millettia laotica Gagnep.
- Millettia lasiantha Dunn
- Millettia lastoursvillensis Pellegr.
- Millettia latifolia Dunn
- Millettia laurentii De Wild.
- Millettia le-testui Pellegr.
- Millettia lebrunii Hauman
- Millettia lecomtei Dunn
- Millettia lenneoides Vatke (Syn .: Millettia grandidieri Baill. , Millettia polyphylla Dunn ): It occurs in Madagascar in the provinces of Antsiranana, Mahajanga and Toliara.
- Millettia leonensis Hepper
- Millettia leptobotrya Dunn
- Millettia leucantha short
- Millettia liberica Jongkind : It was described again in 2003.
- Millettia limbutuensis De Wild.
- Millettia longipes Perkins
- Millettia lucens (Scott-Elliot) Dunn
- Millettia lucida Gagnep.
- Millettia macrophylla Benth.
- Millettia macrostachya Collett & Hemsl.
- Millettia macroura Harms
- Millettia makondensis Harms
- Millettia mannii Baker
- Millettia mavangensis Pellegr.
- Millettia mavoundiensis Pellegr.
- Millettia merrillii Perkins
- Millettia micans deaf.
- Millettia mildbraedii Harms
- Millettia mossambicensis J.B. Gillett
- Millettia nana Gagnep.
- Millettia nathaliae Du Puy & Labat : It occurs in Madagascar only in the Antsiranana province.
- Millettia nepalensis R. Parker
- Millettia nigrescens Gagnep.
- Millettia nitida Benth.
- Millettia nudiflora Baker
- Millettia nutans Sousa
- Millettia nyangensis Pellegr.
- Millettia oblata Dunn
- Millettia occidentalis Ducke
- Millettia oraria Dunn : It thrives in the thicket at altitudes of 300 to 800 meters in the Chinese provinces of Guangdong and southern Guangxi .
- Millettia orientalis Du Puy & Labat : It occurs in Madagascar in the provinces Toamasina and Toliara.
- Millettia oyemensis Pellegr.
- Millettia pachycarpa Benth. (Syn .: Millettia dunnii Merrill , Millettia fooningensis Hu , Millettia taiwaniana (Hayata) Hayata ): It is distributed from India , Bangladesh , Nepal , Bhutan , Myanmar , Laos , Thailand via China to Vietnam .
- Millettia pachyloba Drake
- Millettia pallens Stapf
- Millettia paucijuga Harms
- Millettia peguensis Ali (Syn .: Millettia ovalifolia Kurz )
- Millettia penduliformis Gagnep.
- Millettia penicillata Gagnep.
- Millettia pierrei Gagnep.
- Millettia pilosa Hutch. & Dalziel
- Millettia piscidia (Roxb.) Wight
- Millettia platyphylla Dunn
- Millettia podocarpa Dunn
- Millettia principis Gagnep.
- Millettia pseudoracemosa Thoth. & S.Ravik.
- Millettia psilopetala Harms
- Millettia pterocarpa Dunn
- Millettia pubinervis short
- Millettia puerarioides Prain
- Millettia puguensis J.B.Gillett
- Millettia pulchra short
- Millettia rhodantha Baill.
- Millettia richardiana (Baill.) Du Puy & Labat (Syn .: Millettia baronii Drake ): It occurs in Madagascar in the provinces of Antsiranana, Mahajanga and Toliara.
- Millettia rigens (Craib) Niyomdham
- Millettia rubiginosa Wight & Arn.
- Millettia sacleuxii Dunn
- Millettia sanagana Harms
- Millettia sapindifolia T.C.Chen : It thrives in the thicket on slopes at altitudes of 1100 to 1200 meters in the Chinese provinces of Guangxi and Guizhou .
- Millettia sapinii De Wild.
- Millettia schliebenii Harms
- Millettia semseii J.B.Gillett
- Millettia sericantha Harms
- Millettia sericea Benth.
- Millettia setigera Dunn
- Millettia solomonensis Verdc.
- Millettia soyauxii Dunn
- Millettia speciosa Champ.
- Millettia spireana Gagnep.
- Millettia splendens Wight & Arn.
- Millettia stenopetala Hauman
- Millettia stipellatissima Hauman
- Millettia stipulata Dunn
- Millettia stuhlmannii Taub.
- Millettia subpalmata Dunn
- Millettia takou Lorougnon
- Millettia tanaensis J.B.Gillett
- Millettia taolanaroensis Du Puy & Labat : It occurs in Madagascar only in the province of Toliara.
- Millettia tenuipes Merr.
- Millettia tetraptera short
- Millettia theuszii (Buttner) De Wild.
- Millettia thollonii Dunn
- Millettia thonneri De Wild.
- Millettia thonningii (Schum. & Thonn.) Baker
- Millettia trifoliata Dunn
- Millettia tsui F.P.Metcalf
- Millettia unijuga Gagnep.
- Millettia urophylloides De Wild.
- Millettia usaramensis Deaf.
- Millettia utilis Dunn
- Millettia vankerckhovenii De Wild.
- Millettia velutina Dunn : It thrives in thickets, in wooded areas and in evergreen laurel forests at altitudes of 500 to 1900 meters in the Chinese provinces of northern Guangdong , northern Guangxi, southern Guizhou, southern Hunan , southwestern Sichuan and Yunnan.
- Millettia velvetina Adema
- Millettia venusta Craib
- Millettia verruculosa Gagnep.
- Millettia versicolor Baker
- Millettia Warneckei Harms
- Millettia wellensii De Wild.
- Millettia wrightiana Prain
- Millettia xylocarpia Miq.
- Millettia zechiana Harms
- The species that are classified in the genus Philenoptera no longer belong to the genus Millettia .
- According to Flora of China 2010, Pongamia pinnata (L.) Merrill (Syn .: Pongamia mitis Kurz , Millettia pinnata (L.) Panigrahi ) forms the monotypic genus Pongamia Vent.
use
In China, many Millettia species are used as medicinal plants, insecticides, and fish poison. Few species are used as an ornamental plant. The wood of Millettia stuhlmannii and Millettia laurentii is processed in a variety of ways (see there).
swell
- Zhi Wei, Les Pedley: Millettia , p. 176 - the same text online as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (ed.): Flora of China. Volume 10: Fabaceae. , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2010, ISBN 978-1-930723-91-7 . (Sections description, systematics, dissemination and use)
- SI Ali: Millettia at Tropicos.org. In: Flora of Pakistan . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai Zhi Wei, Les Pedley: Millettia , p. 176 - same text online as printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China. Volume 10: Fabaceae. , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2010. ISBN 978-1-930723-91-7
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l SI Ali: Millettia at Tropicos.org. In: Flora of Pakistan . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- ↑ a b c d Zhi Wei, Dezhao Chen, Dianxiang Zhang , Hang Sun, Les Pedley: Millettieae. , P. 165 - online with the same text as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Ed.): Flora of China. Volume 10: Fabaceae. , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2010, ISBN 978-1-930723-91-7 .
- ^ Robert Wight, George Arnott Walker Arnott: Prodromus Florae Peninsulae Indiae Orientalis: Containing Abridged Descriptions of the Plants Found in the Peninsula of British India, Arranged According to the Natural System . Volume 1, 1834, pp. 263-264 ( Millettia in Google Book Search).
- ↑ a b Millettia at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed July 16, 2014.
- ↑ a b c d e f data sheet Millettia at Legumes of the World by Royal Botanical Gardens Kew, 2012. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Millettia on the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved July 16, 2014.
- ↑ Enter the taxon in the search mask at International Legume Database & Information Service = ILDIS - LegumeWeb - World Database of Legumes, Version 10, November 2005.
- ↑ a b c d e f g GE Schatz, S. Andriambololonera, Andrianarivelo, MW Callmander, Faranirina, PP Lowry, PB Phillipson, Rabarimanarivo, JI Raharilala, Rajaonary, Rakotonirina, RH Ramananjanahary, B. Ramandimbisoa, A. Randrianasolo, N. Ravololomanana, ZS Rogers, CM Taylor & GA Wahlert, 2011: Millettia at Tropicos.org. In: Catalog of the Vascular Plants of Madagascar . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- ↑ BD Schrire: A synopsis of the genus Philenoptera (Leguminosae-Millettieae) from Africa and Madagascar. In: Kew Bulletin , Volume 55, 2000, pp. 81-94. JSTOR 4117762
Web links
- Entries about Millettia in Plants For A Future
- Enter the taxon in the search mask at PROTA4U .
- Michel H. Porcher et al .: Sorting Millettia Names. - Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database = MMPND.
further reading
- J.-M. Hu, M. Lavin, MF Wojciechowski, MJ Sanderson: Phylogenetic systematics of the tribe Millettieae (Leguminosae) based on chloroplast trnK / matK sequences and its implications for evolutionary patterns in Papilionoideae. In: American Journal of Botany , Volume 87, 2000, pp. 418-430.
- J.-M. Hu, M. Lavin, MF Wojciechowski, MJ Sanderson: Phylogenetic analysis of nuclear ribosomal ITS / 5.85 sequences in the tribe Millettieae (Fabaceae): Poecilanthe-Cyclolobium, the core Millettieae, and the Callerya group. In: Syst. Bot. , Volume 27, 2002, pp. 722-733.
- Umberto Quattrocchi: CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants: Common Names, Scientific Names, Eponyms, Synonyms, and Etymology . CRC Press, 2012, ISBN 978-1-4200-8044-5 , pp. 2510 ff . ( Millettia in Google Book Search).
- Robert Hegnauer: Chemotaxonomy of plants . Volume XIB-2. Springer, 2001, p. 169–203 ( Tephrosieae instead of Millettieae in the Google book search).