Mindelsee
| Mindelsee | ||
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| Mindelsee from the south bank; in the background Möggingen | ||
| Geographical location | Baden-Wuerttemberg , Germany | |
| Tributaries | Fällgraben, Krebsbach, Adernbach | |
| Drain | Mühlbach → Markelfinger Winkel → Gnadensee → Untersee (Bodensee) → Rhine | |
| Places on the shore | Dürrenhof | |
| Location close to the shore | Möggingen , Markelfingen , Radolfzell | |
| Data | ||
| Coordinates | 47 ° 45 '16 " N , 9 ° 1' 20" E | |
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| Altitude above sea level | 409 m above sea level NN | |
| surface | 1.02 km² | |
| length | 2.17 km | |
| width | 560 m | |
| volume | 8,740,000 m³ | |
| Maximum depth | 13.5 m | |
| Middle deep | 8.5 m | |
| PH value | 8.07 | |
| Catchment area | 25.43 km² | |
The Mindelsee is a glacier tongue lake on the Bodanrück in the Möggingen and Markelfingen districts in the eastern municipality of Radolfzell . The lake is located around 1,800 meters northeast of Markelfingen. Today's water surface is around 115 hectares with an average water depth of eight meters. The lake stretches around 2200 m long and around 570 m wide in a north-west-south-east direction. In addition to a number of springs, it is fed by the Fällgraben from the west, as well as from the Krebsbach and Adernbach from the east, and it drains via the Mühlbach into the Untersee .
Emergence
The Mindelseebecken that up to 100 meters below the average height level of the surrounding young glacial drumlin located, was in the Würm from a glacier of the Rhine glacier carved out and filled by the melting of the glacier about 15,000 years ago with water. In the wide, moist, surrounding areas, fens with layers of peat up to ten meters thick formed.
In addition to the peat cutting, which lasted until the first decades of the last century, the amelioration measures in particular shaped the landscape of today's Mindelsee area, i.e. measures to increase the value of the soil . The lake level was repeatedly lowered by silting processes and later by drainage measures that began in the late Middle Ages, so that the lake, which was once more than eight kilometers long and up to two kilometers wide, shrank to its current size. At the same time, however, the diversity of the habitats in today's nature reserve results from these attempts to drain the boghole, as it was called.
Habitats
The overall small Mindelsee area is home to a number of habitats, most of which in our time are increasingly endangered or have already completely disappeared. In addition to the open water area, these are mainly extensive reed zones and drier reed meadows, silting peat-cut areas with remaining small ponds and ponds, and then bush and high bush meadows. The reed, litter and, above all, extensively used pasture meadows for sheep are often surrounded by a species-rich hedge. In the south, an old, tall, mixed forest dominated by red beech borders directly on the lake. Willow and poplar galleries have emerged along the flowing streams and the Mühlbach. The limestone swamps in the north and east of the lake are particularly rich in very rare plants and insects .
Protected areas
Since August 15, 1938, the " Mindelsee " area has been a nature reserve with an area of 411.9 hectares (protected area number 3.007) by ordinance of the Baden Ministry of Culture . A further 48.8 hectares have been designated as the “ Mindelsee ” landscape protection area (3.35.014) since September 3, 1984 . The main protection purpose of both protected areas is the preservation of the Mindelsee and the areas surrounding it as a habitat for an extraordinary variety of endangered or endangered plant and animal species, as an internationally significant wetland for water birds, as a landscape of outstanding character and beauty and as an important demonstration and Research object for science. There is an exhibition on nature conservation in the Möggingen Nature Conservation Center.
Since 2009, NSG and LSG Mindelsee have belonged to the FFH area “ Bodanrück and western Lake Constance ”, which is around 14,341 hectares in size and was thus included in the list of Natura 2000 areas according to the guidelines of the European Union . The approximately 409 hectare SPA area (bird sanctuary) " Mindelsee " is completely surrounded by the SPA area " Bodanrück ".
Flora and fauna
More than 700 different flowering plants as well as hundreds of moss and algae species have been found in the Mindelsee area, including many rare species, some of which are threatened with extinction. Particularly noteworthy is the occurrence of more than 20 orchid species, including the European-wide protected peat peat herb , the marsh stendelwort , the summer twistwort , and Traunsteiner's orchid .
The animal world is just as rich in species and diverse. Almost 600 species of beetles, over 400 different butterflies and around 40 different dragonflies are found in the nature reserve.
The occurrence of various bat species are also remarkable, including the very endangered gray long-eared bat .
In the nature reserve there are around 100 regularly breeding bird species, among them those that have become rare such as red-backed killer , reed warbler , middle woodpecker and stonechat . The common tern could be resettled with the help of platforms anchored in the lake ( brood rafts ). Despite apparently optimal conditions, breeding species such as snipe , gray shrike or hoopoe regularly disappeared here in the past . In autumn and winter, the Mindelsee (as long as it does not freeze over) offers many water birds a safe resting, moulting and wintering area. Of particular note are the resting and occasional winter populations of endangered throughout its distribution area ferruginous duck .
The edge of the lake, the ponds and ponds are rich in amphibians and reptiles. The water frog , agile frog and the pond newt find their habitats here. The grass snake is not uncommon, the sand lizard is found in the drier areas .
The Mindelsee is looked after by a professional fisherwoman - both stocking and fishing are subject to strict controls.
literature
- Jörg Aufdermauer, Herbert Berner, Wilhelm Bernhard: The Mindelsee near Radolfzell. Monograph of a nature reserve on the Bodanrück. Karlsruhe 1983. 786 pp., ISBN 3-88251-045-5 .
- Folder from the Möggingen nature conservation center : Mindelsee nature reserve . Constance 1998.
- Thomas Huth, Baldur Junker: Geotourist Map of Baden-Württemberg - Southeast. Freiburg in Breisgau 2006. ISBN 978-3-00-018976-0 .
- Axel Leisler: Ecological problems and conflicts of anthropogenic use on various biotope areas in the Mindelsee nature reserve near Radolfzell . Mainz 1999.
