Monanthes

Monanthes
	Monanthes pallens
Systematics
	Nuclear eudicotyledons
Order :	Saxifragales (Saxifragales)
Family :	Thick-leaf family (Crassulaceae)
Subfamily :	Sempervivoideae
Tribe :	Aeonieae
Genre :	Monanthes
Scientific name
	Monanthes
	Haw.

Monanthes is a genus of succulent plants of the subtropics in the family of thick leaf plants (Crassulaceae). The botanical name of the genus is derived from the Greek words mono- for 'a', 'individually' and anthos for 'blossom' and refers to the few-flowered inflorescences.

description

Vegetative characteristics

The species of the genus Monanthes are perennial or annual herbaceous plants or subshrubs . They are bald or glandular and covered with bladder cells . Their roots are fibrous. The alternate or cross- opposed leaves are arranged in loose, compact or very dense rosettes together or at elongated internodes . The simple leaves are entire and succulent. Their leaf blades are ovate, elliptical or obovate. The tip of the leaf is pointed, rounded or truncated. The leaf surface, which is patterned in different red, is glabrous or hairy and occasionally conspicuously papilous at the tip .

Inflorescences and flowers

The inflorescence appears either terminally from the center of the rosette or the shoot tips , or as a lateral, decrepit flowering shoot . It forms a reduced panicle with one to three (rarely up to five) evenly or basally branched, winding cymes that carry three to eight (rarely one or two) flowers . Their thread-thin, glandular or balding flower stalk is colored differently from light green to purple-brown. The obdiplostemonen flowers are six to eight-fold (rarely five or nine-fold) and reach a diameter of 2 to 6 millimeters. Their green and red-spotted sepals are fleshy and hang slightly together at their base. They are egg-shaped, tapering to a point, rarely pointed and usually glandular and papillary on their outside. The spread or slightly bent back petals are narrowly elongated or elongated and sometimes widened in the upper part. They are pointed or tapered to a point and sometimes thorn-pointed. On the outside of the petals, as well as occasionally along the edges, there are glandular hairs. The petals are light yellow in color and striped in different red. There are twice as many stamens as there are petals. The free stamens are light yellow to light red. The episepal stamens are erect and slightly shorter than the epipetal stamens that are pressed down by the nectar scales . The spherical-cylindrical latrorsen anthers are colored before they rupture varies from yellowish white to purple brown. The noticeably enlarged, light yellow to dark red nectar flakes are usually somewhat bilobed or fan-shaped. They are trimmed at their tips or inverted heart-shaped, frayed, tiny notched or toothed. There are as many carpels as there are petals. They are sunk into the flower axis at their base and are often covered with a few short, scattered, glandular hairs. The carpels are papilose or smooth. They are yellow-green and spotted with different red spots.

Fruits and seeds

The upright follicles open along their belly seam. Some break off across. The follicles contain almost smooth or clearly warty to ribbed seeds .

Distribution and systematics

The genus Monanthes is common in the Canary Islands and the Selvagens Islands .

The first description of the genus by Adrian Hardy Haworth was published in 1821. A synonym of the genus is Petrophyes Webb & Berthel. (1841, nom. Illeg. ICBN -Article 52.1).

Monanthes laxiflora

Monanthes pallens

Monanthes polyphylla , illustration

species

In 1992 the genre was revised by Reto Nyffeler . The genus Monanthes is divided into the following four sections :

Monanthes section : contains perennial and densely branched rosette plants or small dwarf shrubs
- Monanthes muralis (Webb ex Bolle) Hook.f.
- Monanthes polyphylla Haw.
  - Monanthes polyphylla subsp. amydros R. Nyffeler
  - Monanthes polyphylla subsp. polyphylla

Section Sedoideae Nyffeler : contains perennial and diffuse branched small shrubs
- Monanthes anagensis Praeger
- Monanthes laxiflora (DC.) Bolle ex Bornm.
- Monanthes subrosulata Bañares & A.Acev.-Rodr. . This species, rewritten in 2013, occurs in La Palma .

Section Petrophyllae P.V.Heath : includes perennial single or partially sprouting rosette plants
- Monanthes brachycaulos (Webb & Berthel.) Lowe
- Monanthes lowei (Paiva) P.Pérez & Acebes
- Monanthes minima (Bolle) Christ
  - Monanthes minima subsp. minimum
  - Monanthes minima subsp. adenoscepes (Svent.) Bañares
- Monanthes pallens (Webb) Christ

Annuae Sventenius section : includes annual herbs
- Monanthes icterica (Webb ex Bolle) Christ

Hybrids

A large number of hybrids are very common in culture . The following hybrids have been described so far:

Monanthes × anagiflora Bramwell & GDRowley
Monanthes × burchardii Bramwell & GDRowley
Monanthes × chamorgensis Bañares
Monanthes × elizaberhae Bañares
Monanthes × filifolia Bañares
Monanthes × gomerensis Bañares
Monanthes × hybrida Bramwell & GDRowley
Monanthes x intermedia Bramwell & GDRowley
Monanthes × isabellae Bañares
Monanthes × polycaulis Bramwell & GDRowley
Monanthes x pumila Bramwell & GDRowley
Monanthes × silophylla Bramwell & GDRowley
Monanthes × subglabrata Bañares
Monanthes × sventenii Bramwell & GDRowley
Monanthes × chamorgensis Bañares

literature

PV Heath: A synopsis of Monanthes Haworth . In: Calyx . Volume 4, Number 3, 1994, pp. 92-93.
THM Mes, G.-J. Wijers, H. 't Hart: Phylogenetic relationships in Monanthes (Crassulaceae) based on morphological, chloroplast and nuclear DNA variation . In: Journal of Evolutionary Biology . Volume 10, Number 2, 1997, pp. 193-216 ( doi: 10.1046 / j.1420-9101.1997.10020193.x ).
Reto Nyffeler: Monanthes . In: Urs Eggli (Hrsg.): Succulent lexicon. Crassulaceae (thick leaf family) . Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2003, ISBN 3-8001-3998-7 , pp. 190-193 .
Reto Nyffeler: The genus Monanthes Haworth . In: Cacti and other succulents . Volume 46, Number 7, 1995, pp. 157-165.
Reto Nyffeler: Hybridization in Monanthes . In: Henk 't Hart, Urs Eggli: Evolution and Systematics of the Crassulaceae , Backhuis Publishers, Leiden 1995, ISBN 90-73348-46-3 , pp. 76-88.
Reto Nyffeler: A taxonomic revision of the genus Monanthes Haworth (Crassulaceae) . In: Bradleya . Volume 10, 1992, pp. 49-82.

Individual evidence

↑ Urs Eggli, Leonard E. Newton: Etymological Dictionary of Succulent Plant Names . Springer, Berlin / Heidelberg 2010, ISBN 978-3-642-05597-3 , p. 157.
↑ ^a ^b ^c Reto Nyffeler: Monanthes . In: Urs Eggli (Hrsg.): Succulent lexicon. Crassulaceae (thick leaf family) . Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2003, ISBN 3-8001-3998-7 , pp. 190 .
^ Adrian Hardy Haworth: Saxifragëarum enumeratio. Accedunt revisiones plantarum succulentarum . Wood, London 1821, Part 2, p. 68 ( online ).
^ Reto Nyffeler: A taxonomic revision of the genus Monanthes Haworth (Crassulaceae) . In: Bradleya . Volume 10, 1992, pp. 49-82.
↑ Karol Marhold, 2011: Crassulaceae : Datasheet Monanthes subrosulata In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.
↑ Ángel Bañares Baudet, Manuel V. Marrero Gómez and Stephan Scholz: Taxonomic and nomenclatural notes on Crassulaceae of the Canary Islands, Spain . In: Willdenowia . Volume 38, Issue 2, 2008. pp. 475-489 ( DOI: 10.3372 / wi.38.38208 ).
^ Reto Nyffeler: Monanthes . In: Urs Eggli (Hrsg.): Succulent lexicon. Crassulaceae (thick leaf family) . Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2003, ISBN 3-8001-3998-7 , pp. 191 .
↑ Angel Bañares Baudet: Híbridos de la familia Crassulaceae en las islas Canarias. IV . In: Vieraea. Folia scientarum biologicarum canariensium . Volume 35, 2007, p. 19.
↑ Angel Bañares Baudet: Híbridos de la familia Crassulaceae en las islas Canarias. IV . In: Vieraea. Folia scientarum biologicarum canariensium . Volume 35, 2007, pp. 19-20.

Web links

Commons : Monanthes - collection of images, videos and audio files

[1] Urs Eggli, Leonard E. Newton: Etymological Dictionary of Succulent Plant Names . Springer, Berlin / Heidelberg 2010, ISBN 978-3-642-05597-3 , p. 157.

[eggli190-2] Reto Nyffeler: Monanthes . In: Urs Eggli (Hrsg.): Succulent lexicon. Crassulaceae (thick leaf family) . Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2003, ISBN 3-8001-3998-7 , pp. 190 .

[3] Adrian Hardy Haworth: Saxifragëarum enumeratio. Accedunt revisiones plantarum succulentarum . Wood, London 1821, Part 2, p. 68 ( online ).

[4] Reto Nyffeler: A taxonomic revision of the genus Monanthes Haworth (Crassulaceae) . In: Bradleya . Volume 10, 1992, pp. 49-82.

[Euro+Med-5] Karol Marhold, 2011: Crassulaceae : Datasheet Monanthes subrosulata In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.

[6] Ángel Bañares Baudet, Manuel V. Marrero Gómez and Stephan Scholz: Taxonomic and nomenclatural notes on Crassulaceae of the Canary Islands, Spain . In: Willdenowia . Volume 38, Issue 2, 2008. pp. 475-489 ( DOI: 10.3372 / wi.38.38208 ).

[7] Reto Nyffeler: Monanthes . In: Urs Eggli (Hrsg.): Succulent lexicon. Crassulaceae (thick leaf family) . Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2003, ISBN 3-8001-3998-7 , pp. 191 .

[8] Angel Bañares Baudet: Híbridos de la familia Crassulaceae en las islas Canarias. IV . In: Vieraea. Folia scientarum biologicarum canariensium . Volume 35, 2007, p. 19.

[9] Angel Bañares Baudet: Híbridos de la familia Crassulaceae en las islas Canarias. IV . In: Vieraea. Folia scientarum biologicarum canariensium . Volume 35, 2007, pp. 19-20.