Small grape hyacinth

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Small grape hyacinth
Small grape hyacinth (Muscari botryoides)

Small grape hyacinth ( Muscari botryoides )

Systematics
Monocots
Order : Asparagales (Asparagales)
Family : Asparagaceae (Asparagaceae)
Subfamily : Scilloideae
Genre : Grape hyacinths ( Muscari )
Type : Small grape hyacinth
Scientific name
Muscari botryoides
Mill.

The Small Traubenhyazinthe ( Muscari botryoides ) is a plant from the genus of grape hyacinth ( Muscari ) within the family of asparagaceae (Asparagaceae).

description

illustration

The small grape hyacinth is a perennial herbaceous plant that develops onions as persistence organs. Two linear and fleshy leaves usually develop from the bulbs . In the middle grows a stalk up to 20 centimeters high , at the end of which there is a short and dense grape-shaped inflorescence .

The nodding flowers are threefold, 3 to 4 millimeters long and blue; they give off no odor. The bloom consists of six bloom bracts that have grown together. This is one of the characteristics that indicates belonging to the lily-like . There is a three- chamber ovary. There are three stamens each in two circles .

Sharp, triangular and winged split capsules develop from pollinated ovaries. These dry out with increasing maturity and then become parchment-like. Fully mature capsules open in sections with a longitudinal tear along the respective central rib. In each compartment of the capsule there are one or two black and up to 2.5 millimeters long and egg-shaped seeds.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 36 or 48.

Inflorescences

ecology

This species does not produce daughter onions. The plants are therefore mostly singular or only few together and do not grow in clumps (this is different from many other species of the genus, so it can be used as a characteristic when determining).

Pollinators are bees and bumblebees , which are attracted by the nectar formed on the partitions of the ovary.

The little grape hyacinth spreads its seeds with the help of the rain. Since the openings of the capsules face upwards, the seeds are thrown out by raindrops falling on them. Botanically it is designated as rain spread Ombrochorie , with plants raindrops operate in this way as a spreader, even finer than Regenballisten be categorized. The small grape hyacinth uses the semachory as a further form of expansion . The seeds are also scattered from the ripe capsules when the wind moves them violently.

Spread and endangerment

Its original distribution area is the area between France and the Ukraine, where it occurs in mountain meadows, in poor grasslands and in oak forests rich in herbs. It thrives in lower elevations in the Galio-Carpinetum from the association of oak-hornbeam forests (Carpinion), but in higher altitudes in the Geranio-Trisetetum from the association Polygono-Trisetion, in Arrhenathereten, in the Gentiano-Brometum and in societies of the associations Seslerio- Mesobromion, Violion or Molinion. In Vorarlberg it rises to 1200 meters above sea level. In Germany it is on the Red List of Endangered Species because of its rare and threatened occurrence .

Garden history

The small grape hyacinth is one of the plant species that, like tulips , daffodils and other hyacinths , was introduced to Central Europe as a stinzen plant in the so-called oriental phase from 1560 to 1620 from Turkey and the Middle East .

literature

  • Angelika Lüttig, Juliane Kasten: Rose hip & Co - blossoms, fruits and spread of European plants. Fauna Verlag, Nottuln 2003, ISBN 3-93-598090-6

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  135 .
  2. ↑ Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Muscari botryoides - data sheet at World Checklist of Selected Plant Families of the Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Last accessed on September 7, 2016.

Web links

Commons : Small Grape Hyacinth ( Muscari botryoides )  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files